Propagation and daily maintenance of cinnabar root of ornamental fruit plant in pot

Cinnabar root is a common wild plant in the mountain forests of southern China. It likes to be born in shady places. It is also cultivated in gardens. It is often potted for viewing. It is regarded as "the expected product of kumquat, which will overwhelm the largest fruit flower product sold in China in the future" by authoritative flower experts. The following Huinong network Xiaobian and everyone together to learn the breeding of the potted cinnabar root of the New Year's Eve.

I. Propagation methods

The main propagation methods of cinnabar root are sowing method and cutting method.

1. Sowing method

The seeds used in the sowing method should be picked after the fruit is fully ripe, compost for several days, remove the seed coat, and then rinse with clean water. Cinnabar root seeds were stored in wet sand after harvest. That is, a layer of seed and a layer of sand are stored in a place where there is no stagnant water and the temperature is low. The humidity of the sand should not be too wet, and it should be held in the hand and dispersed at one touch. Seed germination should be carried out before sowing in order to improve the evenness of seedling emergence. The simple seed soaking method was used to accelerate seed germination, that is, the seeds were soaked in 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ warm water for 2 hours and 3 hours, and then put into wet sand to accelerate germination.

After accelerating germination, the seeds germinated in about 10 ~ 20 days. Pot-on-demand sowing can be carried out when the seed bud grows to 2 ~ 3mm. When sowing, select the germinated healthy seeds and place the seeds in each hole with tweezers to maintain a fixed sowing order to prevent missed sowing and resowing. The sowing depth should be about 1cm under the substrate, then spray water with a kettle, and the substrate should be fully wet.

The management after sowing in the hole pot is mainly to control the humidity of the substrate and prevent the substrate from getting too wet and rotting roots. As the cave basin is placed in the shade greenhouse, the light is weak, the temperature is relatively low, and the matrix loses water slowly, unless it is a continuous sunny day, there is generally no need to spray water. The seedlings were unearthed about 20 days after sowing. When the seedlings have true leaves, they should be fertilized outside the roots, and topdressing should be combined with pest control. The specific ratio of medicine and fertilizer is 0.15% urea + 0.1%KH2PO4+1000 liquid methyl topiramate. Spray once every 15-20 days. After emergence, with the increase of air temperature and leaf evaporation, the times and amount of water spraying should be strengthened to ensure the normal growth of seedlings.

two。 Cutting method

When the plant is growing vigorously from late spring to early autumn, the sturdy branches of the current year are selected as cuttings. After cutting off the branches, choose a strong part to cut to grow a section of 5~15cm, each with more than 3 leaf nodes. You can also cut semi-woody twigs as cuttings, insert them in a prepared sand bed, keep them moist and warm, and place them in a semi-shady place.

The suitable temperature for rooting of cinnabar root cuttings is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. It is difficult and slow for cuttings to take root when it is lower than 20 ℃. Cuttings were easy to rot when the temperature was higher than 30 ℃, and the higher the temperature was, the greater the degree of decay was. When there is a low temperature after cutting, cover the sand bed used for cutting with a thin film to keep warm. When the temperature is too high after cutting, the cuttings should be shaded by 50% ~ 80%, and the air relative humidity should be kept at 75% ~ 85% after cutting. Therefore, water evaporation of cuttings should be reduced by spraying. Under the condition of shade, spray the cuttings 3-5 times a day, the higher the temperature in sunny days, the more the times of spraying, and the lower the temperature in cloudy and rainy days, the less or no spraying. But due to excessive spray, cuttings are easy to be infected by bacteria and rot. It must be shaded after cutting, and then gradually remove the sunshade net after the root system grows. On a sunny day, remove the sunshade net at 4: 00 p. M. every day, and cover it before 9: 00 am the next day.

The above is the whole content of cinnabar root potted plant, welcome to continue to follow Huinong net to learn knowledge!

Cinnabar root culture method cinnabar root, also known as big umbrella, rich son, there are also many people called Jinyu Mantang, for the purple Taurus family of angiosperms, purple Taurus genus. Cinnabar root likes the humid or semi-dry climate environment, which requires that the air relative temperature of the growing environment is 50-70%. When the air relative humidity is too low, the lower leaves yellowing and falling off, and the upper leaves are not glossy. Because cinnabar root is native to the subtropics, the temperature in winter is very strict, and the growth stops when the ambient temperature is below 8 ℃. Cinnabar root has a strong adaptability to light. Put in indoor maintenance, as far as possible in places with bright light, such as well-lit living room, bedroom, study and other places. After indoor maintenance for a period of time (about a month), it should be moved to an outdoor place with shade (heat preservation in winter) for a period of time (about a month), so alternately. For potted plants, in addition to adding organic fertilizer when potting, proper fertilizer and water management should be carried out in the usual maintenance process. Spring, summer and autumn: these three seasons are its peak growing season. Fertilizer and water management circulates according to the order of "Huabao"-- clear water-- "Huabao"-- clear water. The interval period is about 1-4 days, and the interval period is shorter during sunny or high temperature days. The interval period is longer or not watered during rainy days or low temperatures. Winter: during the dormant period in winter, the main task is to control fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water management circulates according to the order of "Hua Bao"-clear water-"Hua Bao"-"Hua Bao"-clear water, with an interval period of about 3-7 days. The interval period is shorter in sunny or high temperature days, longer or unwatered in rainy days or low temperature days. For ground-planted plants, fertilizer and water were applied 2 to 4 times in spring and summer according to drought conditions: first, a small trench was opened at 30cm to 100cm outside the root neck (the larger the plant, the farther away from the root neck), the width and depth of the ditch were both 20cm. The ditch is sprinkled with 25-50 jin of organic fertilizer, or 1-5 two-grain compound fertilizer (chemical fertilizer), and then poured with water. After the beginning of winter, before the beginning of spring, fertilize again according to the above method, but do not need watering. When the plant enters the dormant or semi-dormant period in winter, the branches such as thin, disease and insect, withered and overdense should be cut off. The branches can also be arranged in combination with cuttings. Change the basin: as long as it is properly maintained, it will grow very fast. when it grows to a certain size, it should be considered to change a larger basin to allow it to continue to grow vigorously. The culture soil and composition ratio for basin change can be selected as follows: vegetable garden soil: slag = 3RU 1; orchard soil: medium coarse river sand: sawdust = 4RU 1RU 2; or one of paddy soil, pond mud, rotten leaf soil. Ornamental and cultivation of rich seeds (ArdisiacrenataSimsf.hortensis (Migo) W.Z.FangetK.Yao), also known as cinnabar root, red umbrella, big umbrella, iron cold umbrella, cool umbrella cover golden beads, etc., is an evergreen shrub of purple Taurus family. Its plant is graceful and graceful, and the fruit does not fall for a long time, so it is a rare shade-tolerant fruit flower. It is very popular with flower lovers. Potted plants are arranged indoors, showing a scene of auspiciousness and festivities, wealth and splendor. If planted under the city overpass, park, courtyard or landscape forest, the green leaves and red fruits are charming and pleasing to the eye.

1. Biological characteristics 1. Because of its beautiful fruit, like red pearls hidden in green leaves, the interior is decorated in the festival, showing an auspicious and rich scene of "green umbrellas covering golden beads", so it is called "rich seeds". And because the woody part of its root section is often covered with vermilion blood spots, it is also known as "cinnabar root". Fugui seed is an evergreen shrub with a plant height of 0.4 to 1 meter and should be controlled at about 0.6 meters when potted. The bark is reddish, the stem is erect, apically branched. Leaves alternate or clustered on branches, oval, oblanceolate, thick, smooth and shiny. The leaves are 6 to 10 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide, with wrinkled or corrugated obtusely serrated edges, protruding black glandular spots between the teeth, and glabrous on both sides. The color of the leaves varies from variety to variety: one is green on both sides, the other is green and the back is red. Summer flowering (June to July), flowers axillary, umbels, born in the lower half of the plant, flowers white or reddish, slightly fragrant, Corolla 5-lobed, stamens 5. The pedicel and calyx are purplish red. The fruit is spherical, pea-sized, about 7 mm in diameter, with persistent calyx and slender style; when ripe, the fruit is bright red and bright, forming between the annular branches and leaves in the lower half of the plant, dazzling, resembling a ripe red cherry for a long time. Fruit period from October to December and even the Spring Festival. Often, the fruit of the previous year has not yet fallen off, and the next year it will blossom and bear new fruit, so it can be enjoyed throughout the year. The artificial cultivation of red fruit can last for more than 6 months, covering New Year's Day, the Spring Festival and the whole spring. two。 Ecological adaptability rich seeds originated in Zhejiang, Hunan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong and other places in China, suitable for growing in valley forests, broad-leaved forests or hilly shady and moist shrubs, and mostly distributed in organic matter-rich fertile soil on both sides of shady and wet valleys. Like warm and humid, sufficient scattered light, well-drained acid soil environment, not resistant to high temperature and strong light in summer, cold fear in winter, avoid dryness, heat and drought, which are its main ecological habits. The suitable temperature for growth is 16 ℃ to 28 ℃, and the room temperature should be kept at 5 ℃ to 8 ℃ in winter. Second, the ornamental characteristics and the application of rich seeds vary from 200 to 1000 grains per plant, and the grain color quality is the same, which forms a strong contrast with the green leaves, and the clusters are stacked, forming a gratifying situation of green leaves supporting red fruits. It can be used as shade-tolerant ornamental plants under the trees of all kinds of green space and woodland, and can also be potted for the layout of indoor decorative plants. 1. Planting rich seeds under the forest is a negative shrub, which is suitable for the forest belt of the garden or in the dense forest, forming a multi-layer structure. In addition, its fruit is bird food, which can attract birds to find food and habitat, which not only increases biodiversity, but also increases the interest of bird watching and hearing. It can also be used for the planting of rock garden, flower bed and flower border. two。 The rich seeds planted in the courtyard are shade-tolerant and the fruit is bright red, which is suitable for the shady or shady corners in the courtyard. Planting multiple plants in clusters or groups according to local conditions can not only observe the fruit and beautify the environment, but also improve the ecological benefit, so it is a rare shade-tolerant native tree species for courtyard greening. 3. Because the greening under the bridge is mostly born under the forest, valley, stream and other shady and humid environment, it is extremely shady, so it is an excellent foliage ground cover plant in the shady and humid environment. It can be used in shady and wet places under forests and bushes. it is a new favorite under urban overpasses and viaducts. If planted in the city overpass, park, courtyard or landscape forest, green leaves and red fruits reflect each other, charming, pleasing to the eye, relaxed and happy. 4. Pot ornamental rich seed tree trunk is short, graceful, evergreen, strong shade tolerance, autumn and winter red fruit, bright and lovely, pot fruit, layout hall, the most suitable. The best viewing period spans New Year's Day, Spring Festival and Yuanxiao, which is an excellent ornamental fruit and foliage plant for people to celebrate the festival. Furnished indoors, showing the scene of wealth, deeply loved by everyone. With the development of eco-city and ecological garden construction, more and more attention has been paid to the application of native tree species. In the future, Fuguizi, an excellent shrub with shade tolerance and ornamental value, will have a broad application prospect in production. Third, the seedlings can be cultured by sowing, cutting or dividing plants. The more commonly used culture methods are sowing culture and cutting culture. 1. Sowing, breeding and sowing can be sown with picking or spring sowing in sand. When the fresh red fruit is fully ripe in December, the fruit will be soaked and peeled in clean water, washed and harvested, then dried and sown. As the seed coat of rich seeds is hard, it is not easy to absorb water and germinate, so it is best to soak in warm water for a day before sowing, and then sow or sow in a loose soil seedbed. The seeds can also be soaked in warm water from 25 ℃ to 30 ℃ for 24 hours, and then placed in moist river sand for low temperature germination, and the seeds can be sown after the seeds are cracked next spring. Fine soil preparation before sowing, rake flat, and then sow in a trench on the seedbed, with a depth of about 4 cm and a row spacing of 7 to 8 cm. The depth of the ditch should be the same, pour enough water, sow the seeds evenly along the ditch, the distance between each seed is about 5 cm, and cover the soil 2 to 3 cm after sowing. Cover the soil to be loose and fine, it is best to use mixed fertilizer sand, cover the soil to the same depth, after the cover should be slightly suppressed. Fugui seed is a shade-loving plant, so it is necessary to build a shading net on the bed seedlings after sowing and cover the soil with straw to keep the soil moist. When the temperature is between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, seedlings can emerge in half a month. After the shoots are unearthed, remove the cover grass for 2 to 3 times and set up a shed to shade in time. A small amount of seedlings can also be sowed in pots. Sow seeds in a shallow basin and cover the basin with glass or plastic film to reduce water evaporation. Keep the soil moist, the temperature is controlled between 18 ℃ and 24 ℃, about 20 days can take root and seedling, the germination rate can reach more than 85%. When the seedling has 3 true leaves, stop water and squat for a few days, then the seedling can be put on the pot. During the seedling period, pay attention to shading, topdressing, weeding, watering and other management. In the growing season, thin manure water was applied once every semimonthly, and when the temperature was higher than 35 ℃ and below 15 ℃, the seedlings could blossom and bear fruit normally. two。 The best cutting time for cutting culture is from late May to mid-June or from late August to early September. Because the temperature is about 25 ℃ to 30 ℃ at this time, it is the most suitable for plant growth. Select sturdy annual semi-lignified and annual branches with leaves as cuttings without diseases and insect pests. Attention should be paid to the medicament treatment of cuttings. After cutting, it can be moderately stained with rooting elements, such as vitamin B1, vitamin B12 or other rooting agents. The cuttings are generally about 5 to 10 cm long, with 3 to 4 leaves, and the lower incision is 0.2 cm below the node, cut and inserted into the prepared seedbed. The cutting substrate can be mixed with rice bran ash and wet sand, or peat soil and perlite. The cuttings were buried at a depth of 1pm 3 to 1max 2, and watered thoroughly with a plastic film to keep them moisturized, maintaining a suitable rooting temperature of 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, and rooting in an environment with a shading rate of 60% in about a month. Pay attention to watering and spraying after insertion. Generally irrigate 1 to 2 times a day, moisture can not be too much, so that the seedbed can be kept moist. The cuttings can be transplanted after growing more than 3 true leaves, and can blossom and bear fruit in June of the following year. Fourth, the maintenance and management of rich seeds like cool, moist neutral sandy soil, like to apply thin fertilizer frequently, avoid thick fertilizer, and endure low temperature. The use of artificial substrate cultivation can effectively change the growth environment of the roots of rich seeds and improve the fruit rate. The fruit is bright red and dense, the hanging period is up to 7 months, and the leaves are brighter than those grown in soil. 1. The rich seeds belong to semi-shade plants in the shade shed, and like the growth environment with loose soil, good ventilation and short sunshine. In order to plant rich seeds well, we must create a good environment for it. Plastic greenhouse can be used, or shading net can be used to make shading shed, which requires a shading rate of 60% to 90%. In short, it can block the sun, cool and humidify the effect. From mid-spring to the Mid-Autumn Festival, it can be placed under a shade with a shading rate of 50% to 60%. Family cultivation can be placed slightly away from the window to meet the needs of its growth with scattered light or fluorescent lamps. Avoid hot summer sun exposure. If you allow it to be exposed to the sun, it is easy to get sunshine disease and even die. two。 Culture soil can use purchased nutrient soil, or self-made nutrient soil. Nutrient soil can be prepared with 70% to 80% more fertile soil (pond mud, humus, old garden soil, field soil), 10% to 15% coarse sand, 10% to 15% mature oil-free sawdust or unburnt rice chaff ash. It can also be mixed with 4 parts of rotten leaf soil, 4 parts of garden soil, 1 part of river sand and 1 part of organic fertilizer. PH values are controlled between 5. 0 and 6. 5. In short, the nutritious soil should meet the requirements of fertile, loose and good drainage performance. 3. Transplant according to the size of the flower seedlings to determine the size of the flowerpot or nutrition bowl (bag). First put 3 cm thick rubble on the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage, and then put the plant in the center of the basin to cultivate the soil slightly to make good contact between the root system and the cultivated soil. Then sprinkle a layer of thick pond mud or cover a layer of moss on the basin soil, be careful not to exceed the basin surface, so as to prevent the basin soil from overflowing out of the basin when watering and fertilizing. Put it in a shade shed or shady place without sunshine, pour water thoroughly and drain water from the bottom of the basin. It can be transferred to normal management after 10 to 15 days. 4. Fertilization should be carried out according to the size of flowers and seedlings, different seasons, fruit branches and fruitless shoots. In summer and autumn, the growth of rich seeds is more exuberant, the demand for nutrients is more, can be more fertilization; winter and early spring plants are basically in a dormant state, can be less fertilization or no fertilization. In a word, we should not only meet the needs of the growth and development of flowers and seedlings, but also prevent the overgrowth of plants and affect the ornamental value. Therefore, the best way is to apply less thick fertilizer, more thin fertilizer, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, organic thin fertilizer is applied once every semimonthly, or 0.1% urea plus 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture can be used; during flowering and fruiting, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves to promote more flowering and good fruit; fertilization should be stopped if the temperature is too high or too low, so as not to cause fertilizer damage to the root. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped during flowering, and there is no need to apply fertilizer after the fruit turns red. 5. Watering is carried out according to different seasons, weather changes, the size of flowerpots, the drainage performance of flowerpots, and the location of flowerpots. Fast growth in summer and autumn requires adequate water, good ventilation, watering frequently, keeping the basin soil moist, and spraying water to the leaf surface and the ground to increase air humidity. If the fruit turns red in winter, the amount of water should be reduced. It is generally watered once every 3 to 4 days in spring, 1 to 2 times a day in summer and once every 2 to 3 days in autumn. Deduct water after winter and keep 65% to 70% moisture. Watering time, high temperature in summer and autumn, should be watered in the morning and evening, it is best to water at noon in winter. In short, we should pay attention to timely and appropriate watering, to maintain the wet state of the basin soil, neither dry nor waterlogged. The watering of rich seeds for viewing in the family should follow the principle of more spraying and less watering, and keep the potted soil moist and the surrounding environment with high air humidity, so that the leaves are dark green and the fruit is red, especially the potted plants placed in the air-conditioning room should be sprayed 3 to 5 times a day. 6. Temperature control rich seeds for the growth of 20 ℃ to 28 ℃, afraid of dry heat and high temperature, when the environmental temperature reaches more than 30 ℃, it is necessary to cool and humidify through shading, water spraying, ventilation and other measures; rich seeds are afraid of cold, when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, they can be transferred to a simple plastic greenhouse, or directly moved indoors to avoid freezing injury. 7. The plant shape is adjusted to remove the top and remove the heart when the seedling grows to 8 to 10 cm high to promote branching. Paclobutrazol was used to control the overgrowth of the plant, which made the plant height consistent, the plant height below 60 cm, broad, thick, green and bright leaves, many and full fruits, and the proportion of fruit branches and leaf branches was more coordinated. 8. There are not many diseases and insect pests in the management of rich seeds, and the main diseases found are root rot and leaf spot. Rich seed root (stem) rot mostly occurs in flower beds with crowded and shaded plants, especially in high temperature and rainy season. The main causes of root rot are soil consolidation, poor water permeability, improper watering, over-wet basin soil, improper fertilization and so on. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, imbalance of plant nutrients, lack of organic matter and potassium fertilizer will aggravate the harm. After the rich seeds were infected, abnormal conditions such as poor growth and yellowing of leaves appeared at the initial stage, and then brown lesions occurred at the infected site and began to rot, resulting in wilting and death of the whole plant. If prevention and control measures are not taken in time, the mortality rate can be as high as 20% to 50%, and may even cause serious economic losses to flower farmers. In the production, we should select the place with high terrain and good drainage for planting, make good cultivation control measures, disinfect the substrate before planting or changing the basin, and maintain reasonable watering and fertilization. Reasonable close planting, application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve disease resistance. After discovering the diseased plant, it should be removed and destroyed immediately, and the chemical control should be carried out in time. In the early stage of the disease, timely spraying 8 to 1000 times of methyl topiramate or 1200 to 1500 times of 2.5% suspended seed coating agent-spraying the middle and lower parts of the plant for control. The ideal control effect can be achieved by spraying once every 10 days and twice in a row. Potted plants are also prone to brown spot, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 to 800 times can be sprayed to control the disease. The rich seeds of family potted plants can be smeared with Dakening cream ointment on the disease spot, which can effectively control the expansion of the disease spot. If there are only one or two leaves with spots, the leaves can be removed and destroyed. The bridge-building insects that harm leaves and the heart-eating insects that harm fruits belong to chewable mouthparts pests, which can be killed by spraying omethoate and other internal insecticidal pesticides. The damage of bridge-building insects is mainly after the temperature rises to 20 ℃ in spring, the eggs parasitic on the plant begin to hatch into larval harmful leaves. Therefore, the eggs should be sprayed once before hatching, and then once a week for 3 to 4 times in a row. After blooming and fruiting, we should start spraying to prevent heart-eating insects, and then once a week, we can prevent and control the harm of this insect.