Propagation methods and key points of cultivation and management of lobular privet

Recently, many seedling farmers and flower farmers have asked about the sowing methods of lobular privet and the prevention and treatment of lobular privet diseases. The editor of Huinong Network has summarized all these questions for everyone.

I. the mode of reproduction

It is often propagated by sowing, cutting and ramet.

(1) sowing and reproduction

The sowing and reproduction of Ligustrum lucidum can be divided into seed collection and processing, nursery arrangement, sowing and other steps.

1. Collection and treatment of seeds

Collection of ① seeds. The ear is cut with branches and accumulated in a cool place, and the pulp is removed after rotten to get a net seed.

The treatment of ② seeds. The net seeds obtained are dried and put into a cloth bag for dry storage, or low temperature stratification can be carried out directly to accelerate germination. Low-temperature stratification method: spread a layer of 10 cm thick wet river sand on the indoor ground (the humidity of the river sand should be held by hand and loose), accumulate seeds and river sand layer by layer according to the ratio of 1: 2, the height is not more than 30 cm, the top layer is covered with a layer of 10 cm thick river sand, and insert several bamboo tubes with holes for air permeability; check the seeds frequently, change the sand when the river sand is too wet, and spray water properly when it is too dry.

two。 Nursery land arrangement

The slightly acidic soil with fertile soil, convenient transportation and water source was selected as the nursery.

① nursery arrangement. The nursery will be ploughed once at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, with a depth of 35 cm without raking. Freezing in winter can improve soil physical and chemical properties, promote soil weathering and reduce diseases and insect pests. Winter can be combined with rural winter leisure, rich labor and other conditions, dig a good nursery around the drainage ditch (ditch), the standard is 40 cm wide, 35 cm deep. In the middle and last ten days of February, 2000 kg of fully mature barnyard manure, 200kg of rotten cake fertilizer, or 80kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15) were applied per mu. The above three fertilizers could be combined with calcium superphosphate 75 ~ 100kg to promote the growth of seedlings. After fertilization, the soil was raked continuously for 3 ~ 4 times, so that the nursery land was raked flat, the soil was raked and the fertilizer was evenly mixed in the soil.

② trenches to make a bed. Hit the bed according to 1.5 meters wide, in which the width of the box is 1.2 meters, the width of the groove is 0.3 meters, and the depth of the groove is 0.25 meters. In order to avoid sunburn seedlings, the seedling bed is mostly in the north-south direction, the length is controlled within 20 meters, and the waist (middle) trench should be opened if it is too long, so that the "three grooves" of perimeter trench, waist (middle) trench and chamber trench are connected, so as to facilitate drainage and irrigation and personnel operation. Spread the soil in the ditch evenly on the surface of the bed to increase the fertilizer layer.

③ sterilization and insecticide. In order to prevent the outbreak of diseases and insect pests in the nursery, it should be sterilized and insecticidal once before sowing. 70% sodium sulfonate wettable powder 1 ~ 1.5 kg mixed with fine soil 10 kg / mu was used to prevent diseases, and 3% carbofuran granules 3 ~ 5 kg / mu was directly applied to prevent insect pests.

3. Sowing seeds

At the beginning of March, the seeds stored in dry storage were taken out, and the seeds germinated by low temperature stratification were screened out by sieving. Both of them need to be carefully selected to remove mildew seeds and get net seeds. Dried seeds: first soak in warm water for 24 hours, change the water every 12 hours, and finally soak the seeds with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, wash and drain before sowing the seeds. Seeds germinated by low temperature stratification: wash and drain and then direct seeding.

First open a sowing ditch, in which the furrow distance is 30 cm and the groove depth is 2 cm. The seeds accelerated by dry storage and low temperature stratification should be sown separately. When sowing, sow the seeds evenly in the ditch according to 0.5 cm spacing, cover the fine soil 2 cm thick after sowing, pour water with a spray pot, and then cover pine needles, straw, sawdust, etc., in order to preserve moisture and air. After the seedlings of Ligustrum lucidum were unearthed, the mulches such as pine needles and straws were removed in batches, and 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder and 2500 times of deltamethrin EC were sprayed to control insects.

Through the experiment, the seeds of lobular privet germinated by low temperature stratification emerged early and neatly, which was better than that of dry storage.

(2) Cuttage propagation

Lobular privet cutting can be divided into hardwood cuttage and tender wood cuttage.

1. Hardwood cuttage

Hardwood cutting refers to cutting with one-to two-year-old lignified branches in February to March, including nursery site preparation, cutting, post-cutting management and so on.

① nursery preparation. a. Prepare the ground. The method of soil preparation is the same as that of the nursery with sowing and breeding method.

b. Open trenches to make beds. The cuttage nursery is 1 meter wide, 0.3 meters wide and 0.25 meters deep, and the length is controlled within 20 meters. The soil on the seedling bed will be further crushed to make the tortoise back shape slightly higher in the middle and slightly lower around to prevent stagnant water. Set up a shade shed according to the cutting area in spring, cover 50% of the shade net on the shade cloth, and the shade net must be connected with a strong rope or wire, flush with the ground around the net to prevent the sun from shining directly on the seedling bed. The shade must be strong enough to withstand the strong wind.

c. Sterilization. 24 hours before cutting, water the seedbed with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution.

② cuttings. Can be combined with spring shaping and pruning, cut the one-to two-year-old ligneous outer branches of lobular privet and put them in a cool place in the leeward. Cutting at the same time, it is required in principle to finish cutting on the same day. Cut the branches into 12 ~ 15 cm, with 2 ~ 3 buds or leaves, remove the lower leaves and retain the upper leaves; the upper flat cut, the lower oblique cut; 50 are tied up. With 0.2% IBA (indolebutyric acid) solution quickly dipped in the base for 5-10 seconds, after a little drain, the cutting depth is more than 2 IBA 3 of the cuttage length.

③ plug-in management. After the cuttage is finished, quickly pour through the water, then spray with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl, and then keep the soil suitable humidity according to the weather conditions, and it can heal and take root in about 30 days. During this period, it is necessary to strengthen the management of diseases and insect pests, pull out the rotten cuttings and burn or bury them at intervals of about 10 days, and spray the whole field with 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder. The sunshade net can be removed two weeks after it is fully rooted.

two。 Tender wood cuttage

Softwood cutting refers to the use of semi-lignified branches in May ~ July or September. Twigs have the characteristics of sufficient vitality, exuberant cell division and easy to take root.

① nursery preparation. Preparation of the nursery with hardwood cuttings. Due to the strong sun and high temperature in summer and autumn, it is necessary to use about 90% of the sunshade net; there are many strong winds and torrential rains in summer, the shade shed must be firmly built, wooden piles should be built around, and the sunshade net should be fixed with wire.

Nutrition management of ② ear-picking garden. At ordinary times, it is necessary to strengthen the nutrition management of the ear-picking orchard. 10 days before ear-picking, the foliar spray was carried out with 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 68.75% oxone ·manganese zinc 1200 times, and then sprayed once after 5 days, and should be watered once in case of dry weather. in this way, the cultivated spike garden of Ligustrum lucidum has full branch vitality, strong vitality and less diseases and insect pests.

③ cuttings. Ear picking should be carried out before sunrise. Place the collected branches indoors and often spray water to moisturize to prevent dehydration. Cut the branches indoors into 8 cm and 10 cm long. When cutting short, remove the tender part of the tip, leaving 2 leaves and 50 roots as a bundle. The lower part was quickly dipped in ABT rooting powder or IBA (indolebutyric acid) 1000 times solution, after a little dry, it can be cut. Before cutting, punch holes in the cutter with a stick of the same thickness as the cuttings, put the cuttings into the holes, and press them with your hands. After the cuttings are finished, water the cuttings quickly and spray them with 1000 times carbendazim wettable powder. A "ten" frame is built at each end of the inserting machine, and a small arch shed is built with bamboo slices 2 meters long and 2 centimeters wide, fully covered with a 2-meter-wide media, pressed with stones, and then covered with a 50% sunshade net close to the film.

④ plug-in management. It is mainly the management of the temperature and humidity in the small arch shed. Within 30 days after cutting, the air relative humidity in the small arch shed should be kept above 90%, the soil water content should be about 60% of the saturated water content, and the temperature should be controlled below 38 ℃. To reduce transpiration, foliar spray can be used to increase the relative humidity of the air. When the lobular privet begins to take root, it can be properly ventilated to reduce soil water content. When the leaflet privet is fully rooted and 50% of the leaves begin to sprout, it is necessary to refine the seedlings: first open one end of the small arch shed, and then uncover the other after 3-5 days; after 3-5 days, remove the film and 50% of the shading net on the small arch shed, and remove 90% of the shading net on the shade after two weeks. During this period, the rotten and dead cuttings were pulled out and burned or buried every 10 days, and the whole field was sprayed and sterilized with 1000 times of methyl thiophanate wettable powder. Transplant cuttings into the field in winter or spring.

(3) ramet propagation

The leaflet privet plants with vigorous growth and more root tillers were selected in spring, cut and planted from the roots, and watered after planting, which could develop into independent plants.

II. Seedling stage management

1. Interseedling, supplementary seedling

The seedlings between sowing seedlings can be divided into two stages: the first time, when the seedlings are 5 ~ 10 cm high, the seedlings are replenished with interseedlings, and the seedlings with persistent soil are gently dug up with a small pointed shovel, and then replanted in sparse places (or find another field for planting). The original seedling field and transplanting field should be watered firmly; the second time is fixed seedling, the time is about 15 days after the first seedling. The seedlings should follow the principle of "keeping large, dense and sparse, inferior and superior, and keeping equal distance".

two。 Loosen the soil and weed

Loosening soil and weeding should be carried out when irrigation or operation can be carried out after rain. The thickness of loose soil should be shallower than the thickness of covering soil, and hoes and shovels can be used to loosen the soil and make the soil loose and breathable. Small pointed shovels are used to remove weeds in the cutting seedling field, and the loose seedlings are watered firmly. Weeding is done once a month from May to July and once a month from August to September to reduce weeds and seedlings for glory, water and fertilizer, so as to promote the healthy growth of seedlings.

3. Water and fertilizer management

Rational irrigation is the premise to promote the normal growth and development of seedlings. Before and after the emergence of spring sowing seedlings, according to the weather conditions, irrigation should be taken a small number of times, sometimes dry and sometimes wet; attention should be paid to clearing ditches and desilting in plum rain season; irrigation times should be increased and fully watered in summer drought; less watering in autumn; no watering in winter. From June to August, topdressing can be carried out in combination with watering: for sowing seedlings, 5 ~ 10 kg urea per mu is applied, while watering and dissolving and cleaning, so as to avoid burning seedlings and causing fertilizer damage; for cutting seedlings, 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves; the two topdressing methods are applied once every 15 days, and continuous topdressing for 2 ~ 3 times, which can effectively promote seedling growth. After August 15, stop topdressing urea and apply a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the Lignification of seedlings and survive the winter safely.

4. Pest control

The main diseases of lobular privet are anthracnose, leaf spot, powdery mildew, etc., which can be sprayed with 65% Dessen zinc wettable powder 800 times. Pests include aphids, ground tigers, etc., which can be killed by spraying 1000 times of 90% crystal trichlorfon or 2500 times of 2.5% deltamethrin EC.

III. Cultivation and management

The transplanting of Ligustrum lucidum is carried out in late winter and early spring. In addition to conventional water and fertilizer management and mid-ploughing, different management measures are mainly taken according to different cultivation purposes: if hedgerow seedlings are cultivated, they can be managed extensively; if the seedlings are mainly cultivated, transplanting should be carried out after seedling cultivation, and the upper part should be trimmed and cultivated horizontally and trimmed into plump balls. If you want to cultivate into a wavy shape, it should be trimmed according to the high and low position to form a wavy whole.

The reproduction method of planting lobular privet is very important, if you want to know more about the planting techniques related to lobular privet, please continue to pay attention to Huinong net!

Planting techniques and key points of cultivation and Management of Osmanthus fragrans

Sweet-scented osmanthus is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Oleaceae, also known as Cinnamomum osmanthus, Jiuli incense, Golden millet and so on. Osmanthus fragrans is an excellent ornamental and practical tree species that integrates greening, beautification and fragrance. In ancient Chinese poems, the number of works of chanting osmanthus is also considerable, and it has been deeply loved by the Chinese people since ancient times. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of sweet-scented osmanthus trees.

Variety Classification of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Four seasons cassia varieties: four seasons cassia tufted shrubby, tree-shaped low, short and dense branches, round crown. The new leaves are deep red and the old mature leaves are green or yellowish green. The leaf is oval in shape, and the intersection angle between the main vein and the lateral vein of the leaf is very large, close to the vertical state. Flower buds are often solitary or 2-3 superimposed, blooming in batches from September to March every year, and the flower fragrance is not as strong as silver cinnamon, cinnamon and cinnamon. Common varieties are big leaf four seasons cinnamon, leaflet four seasons cinnamon, four seasons flowering laurel, Japanese incense, big leaf Buddha top bead, tooth leaf four seasons cinnamon and other varieties.

2. Cinnamon population: Cinnamomum dioecious, the crown is round, the bark is light gray, smooth and the lenticels are sparse. Leaves leathery, long elliptic or elliptic, flat, margin retrorse, entire, apex occasionally sparsely toothed, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or mucronate, lateral veins 8-10 pairs, reticulate veins obvious on both sides, petiole 8-10 mm long. The flower color is orange-red, the Corolla is slightly buckled, the fragrance is light, and the flowering period is from late September to early October. There are big flower cinnamon, tooth cinnamon, cinnamon cinnamon, broad leaf red and other varieties.

3. Jin Guipin population: the crown of Jin Gui is spherical, the tree is strong, and the branches are tall and straight, very close. The bark is gray, the lenticels are round or oval, and the spring shoots are stout. The leaf color is dark green, the leaf blade is oval, the leaf surface is uneven, the leaf edge is microwave curved. Flowers yellow, fragrant, not sturdy, autumn flowering, lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers. The varieties are Dahua Jingui, Daye Huang, Huangchuan Jingui, late Jingui, Yuanye Jingui, Xianning Evening Gui, Ball Gui, Yuanjian Jingui, Liu Ye Su Gui, Jin Shigui, Boye Jingui and so on.

4. Silver cinnamon population: the crown of silver cinnamon is round, the big branches are developed, the branches and leaves are dense and grow well. Bark light gray, lenticels are many and large, shaped like snowflakes, very obvious. The leaf is green or dark green, long oval or oval, the leaf is broad and thick, and the leaf surface is more spreading. Flowering in the first and middle of September, the color of milky yellow to lemon yellow, rich aroma, not strong after flowering, autumn flowering. Varieties are broad-leaf seed silver cinnamon, willow leaf silver cinnamon, hard leaf silver cinnamon, seed silver cinnamon, Jiulong cinnamon, early silver cinnamon, evening silver cinnamon, Baijie, pure white silver cinnamon, Qingshan silver cinnamon, etc.

Planting Environment of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Temperature: sweet-scented osmanthus trees like warmth. The average temperature in the planting area is 14: 28 ℃, the average temperature in July is 24: 28 ℃, and the average temperature in January is more than 0 ℃. It can withstand the lowest temperature of-13 ℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 15: 28 ℃. It can overwinter in the open field in the south of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in China. Not very hardy, but compared with other evergreen broad-leaved trees, it is still a relatively hardy tree species.

2. Moisture: sweet-scented osmanthus trees like to be moist, and humidity is extremely important to the growth and development of sweet-scented osmanthus, requiring an average annual humidity of 75-85% and an annual precipitation of about 1000 mm, especially when young and adult trees bloom, which will affect flowering in case of drought. Avoid stagnant water, but also have a certain ability to withstand drought.

3. Light: sweet-scented osmanthus likes sunlight and can bear shade. Under full light, its branches and leaves grow luxuriantly, bloom densely, and grow sparsely in the shade. If potted in the north, it is necessary to pay attention to sufficient light to facilitate growth and flower bud formation. Strong sunlight and shade are disadvantageous to its growth, and it is generally required to light 6-8 hours a day.

4. Soil: sweet-scented osmanthus is not strict on soil, except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil with too heavy clay and poor drainage, it can generally grow, but the slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is the most suitable.

5. Air: sweet-scented osmanthus has a certain resistance to harmful gases such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, and has a strong ability to absorb dust. It is suitable to be planted in a ventilated and transparent place, likes a clean and ventilated environment, and is not resistant to smoke and dust. often can't blossom after being injured.

Propagation techniques of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Sowing: the fruit of sweet-scented osmanthus usually matures from April to May and can be harvested when the pericarp changes from green to purple-black. Sweet-scented osmanthus seeds have the role of post-ripening, it should be stored in sand for at least half a year, sprinkle water and pile up after harvest, remove the pulp, place in a cool place to dry the seeds naturally, store them with mixed sand, and sow in autumn or spring after sand storage. Before sowing, the ground should be well prepared, and enough basic fertilizer should be applied. It can also be sowed in the indoor seedbed. When sowing, put the seed navel on the side to avoid the bending of radicle and young stem, which will affect the growth of seedlings in the future.

2. Grafting: sweet-scented osmanthus grafted rootstocks are mostly used in privet, lobular privet, wax, water wax, etc., and lobular privet is used in mass propagation of seedlings. Before spring germination, cut the rootstock from 5 cm above the ground, cut the thick 1-2-year-old branches of sweet-scented osmanthus 10-12 cm in length, cut 2-3 cm in length on one side of the base, cut a 45-degree slope on the opposite side, cut longitudinally at about 1x3 on one side of the rootstock, about 2 cm deep, insert the scion into the incision, align the cambium, tie it up with a plastic bag, and then bury it in the soil.

3. Cutting: Osmanthus fragrans cuttings are usually cut into 5-10 cm long with annual branches before sprouting in spring, the lower leaves are cut off, and 2-3 green leaves are left in the upper part, which are inserted in the river sand or loess seedbed, with a row spacing of 3-20 cm, timely irrigation or spraying after planting, and shading, keeping the temperature 20: 25 ℃, and relative humidity 85: 90% can take root and transplant 2 months.

4. Striping: sweet-scented osmanthus can be divided into two types: low pressure and high pressure. the low pressure method is to select the flexible parts of the 1 ~ 2-year-old branches of the lower part of the low dry mother tree from spring to early summer, cut or ring-peeled and pressed into the grooves 3cm deep and fixed with wood strips. The high-pressure method is to cut or peel 1-2-year-old stout branches from the mother tree in spring with the same low-pressure method, then smear the wound with culture medium, fasten it up and down with plastic bags, and cut off the mother plant for maintenance in autumn.

Planting techniques of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Digging holes: before the sweet-scented osmanthus trees rise seedlings, dig the planting holes. The diameter of the holes is 0.5-0.6 meters larger than the soil ball carried by the root of the seedling, so that the soil around the soil ball can be compacted during planting, so that the soil ball is closely combined with the hole soil. The depth of the hole is 0.2 to 0.3 meters larger than that of the soil ball carried by the seedlings. When digging holes, pile the topsoil and core soil separately so that when filling the soil, fill the topsoil first and then fill the core soil. After digging a good hole, it is best to give basic fertilizer. On top of the base fertilizer, fill in about 10 cm thick soil, so that the base fertilizer does not come into direct contact with the soil ball to prevent root burning.

2. Planting: when planting sweet-scented osmanthus trees, place the seedlings in a pre-dug planting hole, cut off the grass rope with the crown, adjust the viewing surface, make the tree stand upright, and fill a small amount of topsoil to fix the soil ball. Then cut the binding material and fill the topsoil. When halfway through the filling, tamp the earth ball around with a thick wooden stick. If you continue to fill the heart soil, it is appropriate to cover the soil 0.1 to 0.2 meters higher than the original soil ball. If the plant is tall, it needs to be supported and fixed with wooden stakes when planting. After the seedlings are planted, ridges are built around the soil. and pour water in time, so as to no longer infiltrate to the degree.

Planting Management of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Fertilizer and water: after transplanting, if the sweet-scented osmanthus trees have accumulated water in the nursery due to heavy rain, they should dig ditches to drain water and water them in case of drought. In addition to adequate basic fertilizer, fertilizer should be applied three times a year, that is, 0.1-0.3 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer per plant in late March to promote its height and shoot growth, and 0.1-0.3 kg of available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per plant in July to improve its drought resistance. 2 kg of organic fertilizer (such as farm manure) was applied per plant in October to improve its cold resistance and prepare for overwintering.

2. Pruning: sweet-scented osmanthus has the characteristics of strong germination and natural formation of shrubs. It is difficult to cultivate tall plants if the shoots are not pruned and wiped in time in spring and autumn, and it is easy to form the upper strong and lower weak phenomenon of dense upper branches and rare lower branches. During pruning, except for those with poor growth due to tree potential and branch potential, it is generally dominated by branch thinning, and only the overdense peripheral branches are properly thinned, and the overgrown branches and disease and insect branches are cut off to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the plant. The sprouting tillering branches from the base of the trunk should be erased in time so as not to consume the nutrients in the tree and disturb the shape of the tree.

3. Loosen the soil: sweet-scented osmanthus trees are ploughed once in spring and autumn combined with fertilization to improve soil structure. The ability of cold resistance can be enhanced by building a base once before overwintering and painting the trunk white once. Weeding 2-3 times a year to prevent weeds from competing with seedlings for water, fertilizer and light.

4. Diseases: the common diseases of sweet-scented osmanthus include leaf spot, coal pollution, algal spot, root rot, iron deficiency and so on. Leaf spot, coal fouling and algal spot can be controlled by spraying 0.5 Bordeaux solution or 5% carbendazim 500-1000 times. Root rot disease should pay attention to keep the soil loose and breathable, do not accumulate water, for example, when root rot is caused by fungi, the root can be irrigated with 200-300 times solution of benzoammonium.

5. Insect pests: the common pests of sweet-scented osmanthus are leaf wasps, whitefly, mites, white scale, yellow moth and so on. Leaf wasps, whitefly and mites can be sprayed with 100% dimethoate 1500-3000 times. In addition to manual brushing, Changbai scale can be sprayed with 400% omethoate 1000 times or 40% fenitrothion 500 times in the first and second generation nymphs.

Transplanting techniques of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Time: it is very necessary to choose the season when transplanting sweet-scented osmanthus trees, and the semi-dormant period of healthy trees can be selected generally (under normal circumstances). For example, Jiangnan can be carried out after the Mid-Autumn Festival to the end of the winter of the following year (from mid-September to around February 15 of the following year, except when the ice and snow is cold), because it is at this time its semi-dormant stage, and the new buds have not yet emerged, which is conducive to the coordination of various factors in the tree. At the same time, it can also be carried out in the plum rain season in the south of the Yangtze River, because the first growth peak of the tree in this period ends and has enriched the nutrition of the body, so the survival rate appears to be relatively high.

2. Tree selection: sweet-scented osmanthus trees for transplanting should choose sweet-scented osmanthus trees with full shape, luxuriant branches and leaves, no diseases and insect pests, easy to dig and lift.

3. Digging: the newly planted tree hole should be dug about a week before transplanting. The diameter of the pre-dug tree pit should be about 1 meter larger than the packing diameter of the transplanted tree, and the height should be at the level of the transplanting packaging height. The excavated topsoil and the subsoil are placed separately, spread out to dry, and clean up the bricks, tiles and other impurities in the soil. According to the mixture ratio of 10 ∶ 1 (10 parts of soil), ferrous sulfate was mixed to increase the acidity of the soil, disinfect the soil and enhance the fertility at the same time.

4. Pruning: the pruning of sweet-scented osmanthus is one of the keys to transplanting. Because the sprouting ability of sweet-scented osmanthus is not strong, it is not advisable to cut off the stem and branch. The leaves of sweet-scented osmanthus can only be trimmed, cut off with scissors, leaving petioles, protecting axillary buds, and retaining 1/3 of the original leaves, which can not only reduce water evaporation, but also retain the beauty of the original crown.

5. Seedling emergence: the transplanting of sweet-scented osmanthus is best in hard packaging, and the sweet-scented osmanthus trees to be transplanted should be watered once a week in advance, so that their roots can absorb enough water, so it is easy to dig into balls, and the soil balls will not be scattered because the soil is too dry. The diameter of the soil ball should be 6 to 8 times the crown diameter of the plant 1 meter above ground, and the height is 70% of the diameter of the soil ball. It is better to dig big under the condition.

6. Planting: before planting, the original soil brought back by transporting sweet-scented osmanthus trees to the pre-dug tree hole should be backfilled with 10 to 15 cm. Because the sweet-scented osmanthus tree is not resistant to flooding, the depth of the planted sweet-scented osmanthus is 10 to 15 centimeters higher than the original ground. First of all, put the sweet-scented osmanthus tree in the direction of its original growth, and then put a plastic pipe in each of the four corners of the tree pit to increase the air permeability of the root after filling the soil. Then remove the formwork sequentially while backfilling to 1x3 of the height of the earth ball, fill the original soil close to the surroundings of the soil ball, and fill a solid layer to prevent the soil ball from breaking. All the tree pits are filled firmly, cofferdam, braced and watered for the first time.

7. Management: first, water permeable again 3 to 4 days from the first watering. Second, after all the water is dry, the remaining soil around the original tree pit is surrounded by the roots to form a mound with high middle height and low surroundings, so that the sweet-scented osmanthus tree will not be drowned because of stagnant water. Third, the spring water must be watered once next spring. Fourth, the leaves and branches were sprayed with the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fungicides (carbendazim, etc.) at an average temperature of about 20 ℃. It not only carried out foliar topdressing for sweet-scented osmanthus trees, but also played a role in sterilization.

Planting methods and cultivation Management techniques of Osmanthus fragrans

Sweet-scented osmanthus is an evergreen tree of Oleaceae, also known as Oleaceae, cinnamon, golden millet, Jiuli incense, etc., which has been cultivated in China for more than 2500 years. Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China, and it is also one of the most precious flowers and trees in modern urban greening. It originated in southwest and south-central China, and is now widely cultivated in various provinces and regions of the Yangtze River Basin, North China and Northeast China. It has beautiful trees, luxuriant branches, green leaves, evergreen four seasons, especially seductive with the fragrance of flowers. It is really "monopolized by three autumn, pressing Zhongfang". It is designated as a city flower by world-famous tourist cities such as Suzhou, Hangzhou and Guilin.

Summary of Osmanthus fragrans cultivation

1. Varieties of sweet-scented osmanthus: there are many varieties of sweet-scented osmanthus, such as Jin Gui, Yin Gui, Dan Gui and Siji Gui, etc. Jin Gui tree is tall, round crown, large thick green glossy, oval leaves, leaf margin wavy, leaves thick, golden yellow flowers, the strongest aroma; silver cinnamon leaves smaller, oval, egg-shaped Obovate, thin, yellowish white or light yellow flowers, slightly lighter fragrance than cinnamon, flowering period is also a week later than cinnamon; cinnamon leaves are smaller, lanceolate or oval, apex pointed, leaf surface rough, flowers are orange or orange-red, light aroma Four seasons cassia leaf plum oval, thin, yellow or light yellow flowers, long florescence, in addition to severe cold and heat, several times flowering, but mostly in autumn, light fragrance, small leaves, mostly shrubby.

2. The habit of sweet-scented osmanthus: sweet-scented osmanthus likes warm and humid climate and has a certain ability to resist cold, but it is not resistant to cold. Like light, but also resistant to shade, in the seedlings should have a certain degree of shade. The demand for soil is not high, like the slightly acidic soil with high dryness and rich humus, especially the sandy soil with deep, fertile and moist soil and good drainage. Do not tolerate drought and barren soil, avoid saline-alkali soil and waterlogged land, planted in poorly drained wetlands, will cause poor growth, root rot, leaf shedding, and eventually lead to the death of the whole plant.

3. The cultivation value of sweet-scented osmanthus: sweet-scented osmanthus is widely used. Often planted in gardens, on both sides of roads, lawns and courtyards and other places, is the best greening tree species for government organs, schools, the army, enterprises and institutions, streets and families. Because it has a certain resistance to harmful gases such as dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, it is also an excellent flower and tree for greening in industrial and mining areas. It matches with mountains, stones, pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions, making it more dignified and elegant, pleasing to the eye and pleasing to the eye. At the same time, it is also a good material for potted plants. after making bonsai, it can observe the shape, stone flowers and smell fragrance. It is really "killing three birds with one stone". In addition, sweet-scented osmanthus is a good material for carving because of its hard material, luster and beautiful texture. Sweet-scented osmanthus is an important raw material for making sweet-scented osmanthus sugar, sweet-scented osmanthus tea, sweet-scented osmanthus wine and sweet-scented osmanthus cake. the essence extracted from sweet-scented osmanthus is widely used in food industry and chemical industry. Cinnamon can extract dyes and tanning materials, and cinnamon leaves can be used as seasoning. Enhance the fragrance of food.

Propagation methods of Osmanthus fragrans

1. Cutting and grafting: the propagation methods of sweet-scented osmanthus include sowing, cutting, grafting, striping and so on. Cutting and grafting are the most common in production. Cutting propagation has the advantages of simple technology, large number of propagation, high speed, high survival rate and low cost. It is the most widely used and widely used propagation method for seedling producers and flower lovers.

① cutting time: 1-year-old spring shoot can be selected for cutting from early March to mid-April, which is the best cutting time. The semi-mature branches of the same year can also be selected for heel cutting from late June to late August, but it has high requirements for temperature and humidity control.

Cutting and treatment of ② cuttings: strong, full, disease-free and pest-free branches were selected from the middle and upper part of the tree and the periphery of the young trees. Cut the branches into 10ml and 12cm long, remove the lower leaves, leaving only the upper 3mur4 leaves. Conditionally, soaking the cuttings in 50/1000000 to 100 GGR6 solution for 1 hour will be of great benefit to the rooting of cuttings.

③ soil preparation: use slightly acidic, loose, aerated and good water retention soil as cutting substrate. Carbendazim, pentachloronitrobenzene and other drugs were used to disinfect and sterilize the soil before cutting.

④ post-cutting management: mainly to control the temperature and humidity, which is the key to whether the cuttings can take root and survive. The best ground temperature for rooting is 25Mel 28 ℃, and the best relative humidity should be kept above 85%. It can be controlled by sunshade, arch plastic shed, sprinkler, ventilation and so on. Secondly, we should pay attention to anti-mildew, because of high temperature and humidity easy to produce mold, carbendazim and methyl thiophanate can be used alternately every week. Grafting propagation has the advantages of rapid seedling formation, prosperous growth, early flowering and small variation, and it is also one of the more commonly used methods.

⑤ cultivation rootstocks: use privet, lobular privet, lobular ash and other 1-2-year-old seedlings as rootstocks. Among them, the survival rate of sweet-scented osmanthus grafted with privet is high, and the initial growth is fast, but the wound is not healed well, and it is easy to break off in case of strong wind or external force collision.

2. Grafting propagation: grafting was carried out before and after Ching Ming Festival. There are two most commonly used methods in production, one is the crackling method, the other is the abdominal connection method. It is appropriate to select 1-2-year-old sturdy, disease-free branches on adult trees, remove leaves and retain petioles. If the crackling method is used, the rootstock should be cut from 4Mel 6cm on the ground before the seedling sprouts in spring before grafting. The thickness of the scion should match that of the rootstock, the cutting surface of the scion should be smooth, and the key to successful crackling lies in the alignment of the cambium between the rootstock and the scion and tight binding. If the abdominal grafting method is adopted, the grafted buds are directly embedded in the rootstock water without breaking the rootstock, and the rootstock will be cut off after successful grafting. No matter which method is adopted for grafting, it should be grafted as soon as possible. If you take ears from other places, be sure to keep them fresh. It is better to choose sunny and windless weather for grafting. After grafting, attention should be paid to checking the survival rate, doing a good job in mending, wiping buds, cutting rootstocks, unbinding, water and fertilizer management and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

3. Sowing and propagation: sweet-scented osmanthus can also be sowed and propagated. However, because some varieties are not fruiting or less fruiting, and the seedlings bred by sowing method have a longer life from flowering to flowering, it takes more than 10 years to blossom, so seedling producers and family flower lovers seldom use this method. The seeds of sweet-scented osmanthus mature about May. After seed collection, the seeds can be sowed in two periods: first, it can be inserted immediately after harvest, which can reduce the process of seed storage, and some seeds will germinate and emerge in autumn. Its disadvantage is that the overwintering management of seedlings is difficult and it is easy to suffer frost injury. The second is to collect the seeds and store them in the sand first, and then sow the seeds from the sand in the spring of the following year. It germinated and sprouted in April. The advantages of this method are: fast seedling growth and less difficulty in seedling management. When sowing and raising seedlings, attention should be paid to preventing and smelting the moisture of seedlings, strengthening the management of water and fertilizer, replenishing seedlings and weeding, shading and cooling, preventing cold and freezing, and so on.

4. Striping propagation: the time of crimping should be carried out before the bud sprouting in spring. Because the branch of sweet-scented osmanthus is not easy to bend, it generally does not use the ground pressure method, but only the high-pressure method. When using the high pressure method, select the 2-3-year-old branches with strong growth potential on the excellent mother plant, peel a circle of cortex 0.3cm wide on the branches, then peel them with 100/1000000 GGR6 solution or the same dose of naphthylacetic acid, and then use plastic film to load with mud, rotten leaf soil, moss, etc., wrap up the scratched parts, pour through water, and then wrap the mouth of the bag. Always pay attention to observation, and timely replenish water, so that the bandage is always in a moist state. After cultivation in summer and autumn, new roots will grow. In the spring of the following year, the branches that grow roots are cut off from the mother body, the bandages are removed, the soil is moved into the basin, poured through water, and maintained in a cool place. After a large number of new shoots germinate, they will receive full light.

Cultivation and management

The 1-year-old sweet-scented osmanthus seedlings cultivated by planting and cutting should not be used as green seedlings immediately because of their poor ability to resist drought, cold and barren. They should be transplanted to the nursery for 2-5 years, and then transplant after they grow into middle seedlings. The main points of cultivation management are briefly introduced as follows:

1. Soil preparation: select slightly acidic sandy loam with sufficient light, deep soil layer, rich humus, strong permeability and convenient drainage and irrigation (PH = 50Mel 6.5) as cultivation nursery. In the autumn and winter of the previous year, the nursery was reclaimed once, and the hole was dug according to the specification that the row spacing was 1 m x 1.5 m (2 years later, when it was long, thick and tall, one plant was removed every other plant, so that the plant spacing became 2 m x 1.5 m) and the planting hole was 0.4 m x 0.4 m x 0.4 m. Each hole was applied with mature flat farm manure (pig manure, cow manure) 2Mel 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 0.5kg as base fertilizer. Mix the base fertilizer with the surface loam and fill it into the hole. After being eroded and fermented by winter snow and spring rain, fertilizer is easy to be absorbed by seedlings.

2. Transplanting: transplanting is best when the sap has not yet flowed or just flowed, usually from early February to early March. When taking seedlings, leave more roots and hurt less roots as much as possible. After taking seedlings, they should be planted as soon as possible, and those who need to adjust seedlings from other places should pay attention to moisturizing to prevent seedlings from dehydration. After planting, the soil should be compacted and watered once, so that the root system of the seedling is closely connected with the soil.

3. Water and fertilizer management: after transplanting, if heavy rain causes stagnant water in the nursery, trenches should be dug to drain water. In case of drought, water should be watered to fight the drought. In addition to adequate basic fertilizer, fertilizer should be applied three times a year, that is, 0.1 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer per plant in late March to promote its height and multiple shoots, 0.1 kg of available P and K fertilizer per plant in July to improve its drought resistance, and 2 kg of organic fertilizer (such as farm manure) in October to improve its cold resistance and prepare for overwintering.

4. Pruning and shaping: sweet-scented osmanthus has strong germination ability and has the characteristic of forming shrubs naturally. It shoots twice a year in spring and autumn. if it is not pruned and wiped in time, it is difficult to cultivate tall plants, and it is easy to form the phenomenon of upper strong and lower weak with dense upper branches and rare lower branches. During pruning, except for those with poor growth due to tree potential and branch potential, it is generally dominated by branch thinning, and only the overdense peripheral branches are properly thinned, and the overgrown branches and disease and insect branches are cut off to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the plant. The sprouting tillering branches from the base of the trunk should be erased in time so as not to consume the nutrients in the tree and disturb the shape of the tree.

5. Loosening soil and weeding: ploughing once in combination with fertilization in spring and autumn to improve soil structure. The ability of cold resistance can be enhanced by building a base once before overwintering and painting the trunk white once. Weeding 2mi 3 times a year to prevent weeds from competing with seedlings for water, fertilizer and light.

6. control of diseases and insect pests: sweet-scented osmanthus has few diseases and insect pests, such as anthracnose, leaf spot, red spider and oyster shield scale, which can be controlled by Bordeaux, stone-sulfur mixture, bacillus, methyl topiramate, dichlorvos, triclofenac and so on.

Key points of transplanting Osmanthus fragrans trees

1. Transplanting time: from mid-January to early February. At this time, the trees are in a dormant state, and soon after transplantation, the vitality becomes stronger and it is easy to survive. Avoid transplanting in summer.

2. Pruning: it can reduce the nutrient consumption and water transpiration in the tree. The amount of pruning is determined by the age and growth potential of the tree. A hundred-year-old tree should leave few or no branches because of its weak growth. Those with strong growth and those who are young can leave more branches. When cutting, it is necessary to remove disease and insect branches, growing branches and cross branches. After that, smear the wound with Vaseline or Bordeaux solution to avoid disease and insect damage and Rain Water erosion.

3. Root cutting: in order to improve the transplanting survival rate of sweet-scented osmanthus trees, the roots of 1 ~ 2 years before transplanting were cut off respectively, and the distance from the stump to the stump was 3 times the diameter of the stump. Then 50/1000000 to 100 GGR6 solution or 0.1% indole acetic acid solution was smeared on the cut root, and the soil was watered to let it grow new roots.

4. Pile: the size of the soil ball is determined by excavation, which is generally 6 times the diameter of the stump. If the ground diameter is too thick, it should not be less than 3. While digging, tie the earth ball with a wet straw curtain and straw rope to prevent it from getting loose. The big root of the tree is sawed off with a saw, and the steel mouth is coated with rooting powder such as GGR6. After digging, wrap it with a wet straw curtain and straw rope, and tie the grass rope to the tree trunk 2.5 meters high.

5. Transport: it should be loaded and unloaded lightly during transportation. When loading, the trees should be fixed and separated by buffers to prevent the trees from colliding, so as not to hurt the skin and hit the soil balls. Pay attention to moisturizing on the way.

6. Planting: in the first month of planting, dig the planting hole first, the size of the hole is 1.5 times that of the soil ball, then fill the hole with mycorrhizal soil, and block the mature farm manure 5 kg 10 kg, available phosphate fertilizer 2 kg, irrigation spare. When planting, use a crane to gently put the tree into the planting hole, cut the packaging grass curtain and rope with scissors, and then backfill the stable soil, step on it and water it thoroughly.

7. Management and protection

① fixed frame: set up a tripod around the trunk of the tree to prevent the tree from shaking due to the collision between people and animals and the strong wind.

② shade canopy: after April, the shade canopy will be erected on three sides of the tree (except the northwest) to prevent direct sunlight and reduce water transpiration. The cool weather can be removed in October.

③ watering: the roots of the newly planted trees are damaged and the water absorption is weak, so the amount of water should not be too much, so as to avoid mildew and rot of the roots. But not too little, otherwise the tree will lose water and die.

④ infusion: infusion can meet the water and nutrient needs of the appendage, and can greatly improve the survival rate of transplanting. Infusion is usually carried out from April to September. Before transfusion, use a woodworking drill at the base of the tree to drill 3mi 5 infusion holes at a 45-degree angle from top to bottom, deep to the pith. The solution was then prepared with 0.1g of water-soluble human ABT6 rooting powder and 0.5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per liter. Hang the bottle containing the liquid in a high place, insert the trunk syringe into the infusion hole, turn on the infusion switch, and the liquid can be injected into the tree. After the infusion, pull out the needle and plug the infusion hole with cotton balls. When the next infusion is needed, the cotton ball can be clipped out and the infusion can be carried out. The frequency and interval of infusion are determined according to the degree of drought, temperature and plant water requirement. After the plant is completely out of danger, seal the infusion hole with Bordeaux liquid.