Key points of Clematis cultivation and pest control

There are many varieties of clematis, and many new varieties of clematis are cultivated successfully every year, but some classic and highly adaptable varieties are still respected and loved by many clematis lovers. The following is to introduce the key points of clematis cultivation, pest control, application forms and so on.

1. Main points of nourishment

1.1 planting

Clematis roots are afraid of waterlogging but like a cool environment, so clematis planted in the ground or potted should keep their roots cool and dry. If the soil is planted and the garden soil is relatively sticky, it is suggested that soil improvement should be carried out, and humus soil, peat, perlite, coarse sand and other media can be used to improve soil drainage. In addition, be sure to cover the bottom of the planting hole with a layer of gravel to prevent the bottom of the root system from soaking in water for a long time. Potted clematis only need to go to the market to buy well-drained soil for planting. In order to make clematis grow strongly and bloom vigorously in the future, an appropriate amount of slow-release fertilizer can be applied during planting to ensure the supply of nutrients.

1.2 watering

Clematis planted on the ground need not be watered in other seasons except that clematis planted on the ground need to be watered in the morning and evening during the period of high temperature and little rain in summer. Potted clematis should abide by the watering principle of "dry and wet", that is, watering after the basin soil is dry, and watering should make the pot soil fully moist, so that the roots of clematis can grow healthily.

1.3 fertilization

In order for clematis to have a luxuriant flowering season, fertilization is an essential link. There are three important fertilization stages for planting clematis. First of all, in the initial planting, some slow-release fertilizers were mixed in the medium to provide nutrients for later growth and quickly grow into a robust plant. The second is to apply a thin layer of organic fertilizer to the roots of Clematis every year after the beginning of winter. Seaweed fertilizer or earthworm fertilizer can be selected to prepare for flowers in the coming year. The fertilizer in the third stage can be called "ritual fertilizer". After the end of flowering, slow-release fertilizer is applied on the soil surface to replenish a large amount of nutrients consumed by flowering in time.

1.4 pruning

The pruning of clematis is essential for plant shaping and promoting flowering. The main pruning methods of clematis can be divided into three categories. One is the non-pruning type, that is, it is allowed to grow, and the diseased branches and weak branches can be cleaned up after flowering every year. This pruning method is mainly aimed at a large class of clematis that bloom in early spring around March. The second type is light shear type, that is, clematis are retracted and cut to the range of 1m~1.5m from the ground at the end of winter and the beginning of spring. This pruning method is mainly aimed at early flowering varieties with flowering period from April to May. The three types of pruning are heavy pruning. In late spring and early winter, all the branches of clematis are cut to the height of 0.3m~0.4m above the ground, so that clematis will pull out many strong branches during the growing season and keep the flowers within the best line of sight. This pruning type is suitable for late flowering clematis varieties with flowering period from May to June.

In addition, it should be noted that the pruning of clematis is not absolute, and some branches can be preserved and trimmed according to the desired shape, and finally create a unique shape of clematis.

two。 Pest control

2.1 leafminer

Clematis is strong in nature and rarely has serious diseases and insect pests in a large area. Leaf miner is a kind of pest that often occurs on the leaves of Clematis. The main symptom is a gray irregular curve on the leaf surface. This is due to the fact that the larvae of leaf miners eat mesophyll tissue in the leaves and form empty channels. Leaf miner will not cause great harm to the growth of clematis, but will have a certain impact on the ornamental value of clematis leaves. Once this symptom occurs, the damaged leaves can be cut off and burned in time. If the pest is serious, you can consider spraying insecticide.

2.2 Fusarium wilt

It happens occasionally on Clematis plants, but once it happens, it does great harm to the growth of Clematis and needs to be dealt with in time to avoid the spread of the disease. The symptom of Fusarium wilt is the drooping of leaves and branches, which is very similar to the wilting of plants due to lack of water, but it can not return to normal after watering. Once it is confirmed as Fusarium wilt, timely measures should be taken to look for the focus along the susceptible branch to the rhizome, which shows annular overflow and necrosis of the branch, and cut off the lower part of the branch in time until the pith of the branch is green. And burn off the diseased branches. Potted clematis should be replanted in pots and soil, while ground-planted clematis should replace all the soil in the 15cm around the rhizome and spray fungicides.

3. Application form

Clematis is very suitable for potted viewing on the balcony or directly planted in the open field, but because it is wound and climbed by stems or leaves, it should be provided with a climbing flower frame no matter where it is planted.

3.1 Pillar

The most common form of iron lotus flower rack, you can buy a finished flower rack, either iron or plastic, or make one yourself using the sturdy branches trimmed in the garden. However, it should be noted that with the growth of seedling age, the branches grow faster, so it is best to choose strong, load-bearing flower racks when purchasing or making their own flower racks, so as to avoid the trouble of flower rack collapse in the later stage.

3.2 Higaki style

If you want to decorate the wall with clematis, the wall-mounted flower rack is a better choice. Use a rectangular flower box as a container, insert a flat flower rack, and then place it on the wall. For some tall courtyard walls, if you want to achieve the effect of clematis covered with clematis, you can plant them directly and fix solid metal mesh or wire on the walls to help clematis climb. After 2 or 3 years of careful care, you can have a flower wall full of clematis.

3.3 sagging

This planting method is more suitable for evergreen clematis, such as' silver coin'(C. cartmanii Joe') and 'elf' (C.Pixie). Because this kind of clematis plant is relatively compact, slow growth, even if the branches are completely drooping can also be very good flowering, very suitable for planting in the hanging basin, arranged on the balcony. Other clematis varieties can also be made into hanging potted plants, but the branches will grow too long, resulting in entanglement, affecting the flowering effect and ornamental, so it is not suitable for long-term planting.

3.4 screen type

In public landscaping, we can try to combine the hanging planting methods to form a flower screen full of clematis. If you use this way of landscaping, try to avoid using clematis with small flowers such as' bell clematis'. Clematis with large flowers are more ornamental because of their eye-catching flowers.

3.5 ground cover

The most common way to watch clematis is to build supports and climb to watch, but it also has a certain creeping nature, which can also be used as ground cover plants. Planting clematis on sites with slopes and undulating terrain, without any support for its spread and growth, is also a creative and ornamental planting form, which is more suitable for application in private gardens or exquisite public landscaping. Except for bell clematis and clematis, other types of clematis are suitable for this application.

3.6 Corridor frame

Clematis is a kind of plant with strong climbing ability, which can be planted in the gallery or arch in landscaping or conditional private courtyard. About 2-3 years, with proper pruning, the gallery frame can be basically covered, forming a better landscape effect.

These are all the contents of clematis. If you are interested in clematis, come to Huinong to learn more.

Planting methods and field management points of traditional Chinese medicine Weilingxian

Weilingxian iron foot Weilingxian, iron horn Weilingxian, clematis clematis, etc., are perennial woody lianas of Ranunculaceae, with high cultivation value. The roots and stems are used in medicine to dispel rheumatism, clear channels and collaterals, and eliminate bone stalks. The whole plant can be used as a pesticide to control bridge worms, cabbage insects, ground tigers, wipers, and so on. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Weilingxian.

Land selection and preparation

Weilingxian planting chooses plots with sunny back, short sunshine time and deep soil, deep ploughing and raking fine, and border. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer. 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer containing 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied per mu.

Sowing at the right time

1. Seedling transplanting: sowing seedlings in spring, covering soil no more than 1 cm, and then covering the border with rice straw. Under suitable temperature and humidity, seedlings will emerge in about half a month. It was transplanted and planted 50-60 days after emergence.

2. Root bud transplanting: before the root bud germinated in spring, the root bud was cut with a knife, and then the row spacing of the plant was 30x40 cm and then directly transplanted to the field.

Field management

1. Weeding: during the seedling raising period of Weilingxian, the covered straw was removed in time after the seedling was unearthed. When the seedling height was 3-5cm, the weeding was removed once, and then again according to the weed growth condition. After planting in the field, it is ploughed and weeded 2 or 3 times a year.

2. Topdressing: Weilingxian seedling stage combined with ploughing and weeding applied light but little human feces, urine or other nitrogen fertilizer, and applied phosphate fertilizer or compound fertilizer twice after planting.

3. Pruning: in order to promote the root system development of Weilingxian, cut off the overdense vines properly.

4. Drainage and irrigation: Weilingxian is planted in cloudy and rainy weather and drained in time, and watering is paid attention to in dry weather.

5, diseases and insect pests: Weilingxian diseases and insect pests are less, once found should be timely prevention and control.

6. Harvest: Weilingxian is used as a root for medicine. Two years after planting, the root is dug up in autumn, the impurities are removed, the stems and leaves are removed, the soil is washed, soaked in water, removed, moistened, cut and dried, and stored in a dry place.

Reference to planting methods of Clematis

Reference to planting methods of Clematis

Reference to planting methods of Clematis

Time to transplant: potted clematis can be transplanted at any time of the year, because you only need to take the clematis plants out of the pot and plant them without causing any damage to the roots of clematis. Of course, the ideal transplanting time for clematis is in spring or early autumn. During this period, the soil temperature is relatively warm, and the soil water content is more suitable, which can provide the best living environment for the plants that have just changed the environment. But as long as we can dig holes, we can plant clematis even in winter, even if it freezes soon, it won't be a big problem. The steps of transplantation: there is no standard size for digging the pit, the size of the pit depends on the quality of the soil, if the soil is loose, fertile and well drained, it can be 30 cm or a shovel and a half deep, if on the contrary, the soil is thick and sticky, it is best to dig to 50-60cm deep, you can make a good drainage layer, as for the width, 30-40cm is needed, so that the root can be put freely. Build a drainage layer if the soil in your yard is sticky or your area is too wet, you need to build a drainage layer. Usually a layer of stones at the bottom of the pit can be made into a drainage layer, which should be mixed in size to prevent water accumulation at the root of clematis. The clematis of fertilized varieties of clematis need to supplement nutrients to protect the growth of flowers and special Corolla. When planting, you can put some slow-release fertilizer at the bottom of the pit as base fertilizer, but do not use the root of the plant in direct contact with the fertilizer. Therefore, after fertilizing, a layer of soil is still sprinkled before the root of the plant can be put into the pit. After the above steps are completed, the root of the plant can be put into the pit. It should be noted that all the 15cm branches above the root of the plant should be buried in the pit, so as to ensure the effective treatment and recovery of clematis disease. After watering and planting, water the plant thoroughly. The last step is to cover with shaded tiles, or other shade. The construction of drainage layer is a very important link in the south where it is easy to rain. When planting clematis, it is best to mix the original soil with humus soil or peat soil to ensure soil permeability and nutrition. Burying the branches at the 10cm above the root under the ground will contribute to the healthy growth of clematis and bring convenience to your treatment of clematis in the future. Watered clematis like loose, well-drained soil, and its roots should be kept cool and moist in hot weather. In general, clematis death is caused by overwatering and poor drainage of the soil. If you are planting clematis in a large container, make sure the soil is well drained. You need to check the leaks at the bottom of the container regularly to make sure that there is no dirt to block the leaks. Clematis need to be carefully observed to ensure that the soil is not completely dry, usually once every 2-3 weeks in the cooler season. In very hot summer conditions, clematis may need to be watered every two days or so. Under normal summer conditions, clematis can be watered once every five days. In general, watering is a better way for clematis to grow healthily, which makes clematis root deeper rather than just growing on the surface of the soil where it is easy to dry. Fertilization is the most basic of all the factors affecting plant growth potential. The joint action of nutrients, light and water makes plants accumulate energy and grow continuously. Usually, potted plants are limited by nutrients, and their poor growth is more obvious. When potted clematis lack nutrients, the plants will turn yellow, become very thin, and eventually die. At the same time, we must also be careful not to overwork or fertilize clematis too much, which will cause fertilizer damage and possibly lead to plant death. Among a series of methods to replenish Clematis with nutrients, the most effective one is to use liquid fertilizer. Usually, liquid fertilizers are sold in the form of powder. These powders also contain all the elements necessary for plant growth. These powders are mixed with the right amount of warm water to form a nutrient solution, usually a transparent blue solution. Use this nutrient solution to irrigate clematis. From April to May, when new buds grow, fertilizers are applied from September to October, which can be applied 6-7 times, usually once a month. Here is also a suggestion for you to fertilize. It is a good idea to water the plant one day before using liquid fertilizer, so that the residual organic matter in the plant can be taken away with the current. It can also make the plant in the container fully prepared for his new meal. Reproduction one, sowing: the original seed can be propagated by sowing. Seeds of the type unearthed from cotyledons (achene is smaller and the pericarp is thinner) can germinate in 4 weeks if sown in spring. Sow in autumn and germinate when spring is warm. Cotyledon retained soil type seeds (larger, thicker seed coat) can only germinate after a low-temperature vernalization stage, and the first pair of true leaves are born; some species have to go through two low-temperature stages to germinate, such as rotator lotus. For vernalization treatment, if the seeds were refrigerated with 0Mel 3 ℃ for 40 days, it would take about 9-10 months for them to germinate. It can also be treated with a certain concentration of gibberellin. Second, pressing: in March, the mature branches of last year were used to press the strips. It usually takes root within a year. Third, grafting: a kind of hybrid of clematis, which can be grafted on the root rootstock by split grafting. There are 2 buds on the node and 5-10cm under the node. Grafting in a heated and airtight grafting box is easy to promote survival. Fourth, ramet: tufted plants, can be ramified. 5. Cuttage: cutting is the main propagation method for hybrid clematis. The semi-mature branches were taken from July to August and intercepted in the middle of the internodes (that is, the upper and lower nodes), with 2 buds on the nodes. The medium is made of peat and sand in half. The cutting depth is just above the bud on the node. The base temperature is 15-18 ℃. After rooting, put up a 3-inch pot and spend the winter in an anti-freezing hotbed or greenhouse. Change the 4-inch pot in spring and move it outside. Shade and showers are needed in summer and planted at the end of October. Special attention should be paid to drainage in the cultivation of clematis. When planting, the hole is generally 40 cm deep and 60 cm in diameter. After digging the hard soil at the bottom of the hole, put in a large amount of humus, and then add the topsoil mixed with bone powder. In poorly drained clay or light sand, the bottom of the hole should be mixed with peat or humus after loosening. Where it is possible to accumulate water. the bottom should be cushioned with stones or rubble, 25 centimeters above the surrounding soil. Planting time in the north after thawing, the middle in April-May. Don't fill it too tightly around the root, just press it a little with your hands. The top of the soil mass of potted plants should be flush with the topsoil, and when planting bare roots, the root cap should be 5 boxes of rice below the surface. After planting, it is covered with 10 cm thick peat or humus to avoid overheating of the roots in summer and to keep the soil moist. Pay attention to adequate water supply in the first few months after planting. The diameter of the water supply range is not less than 50 cm, so that the root can be extended in all directions. If the branches are brittle and easy to break, attention should be paid to attracting and fixing them. Pruning method, according to the flowering habits of Clematis. Can be divided into three categories: first, type 1-flowering begins before the end of May, pedicels are short, usually bearing more than 2 flowers in leaf axils. From February to March in the first year after planting, all branches were cut short by 30 cm each. From February to March of the second year, all branches were cut short by 1 meter each. After the third year, the weak branches and dead branches were cut off every year after flowering. Two. category 2-flowers bloom on the short branches that germinated in the axils of last year's branches. The florescence of each flower begins before the end of June. From February to March in the first year after planting, all branches were cut short by 30 cm each. From February to March of the second year, all branches will be cut short by 1 meter each. After the third year, from February to March, all branches were cut short on the first pair of full lateral buds. Third, category 3-flowers bloom on new branches of the same year, with several flowers on each branch, and the flowering begins in July. Leave all branches 30 cm short from February to March in the first year after planting. From February to March every year after the second year, all branches will be cut above the base point of the previous year, no more than 75 cm above the surface. Clematis clematis has strong resistance to diseases and insect pests. Serious damage to diseases and insect pests rarely occurs. Pests include red spiders and leaf-eating pests. The disease is caused by Fusarium wilt, which is likely to clear up on rainy days in summer. when the temperature rises sharply, the branches suddenly wither, and new techniques often sprout in autumn or the following spring. Others are powdery mildew (harmful to leaves or flowers), virus diseases (macula in leaves, flower deformities), etc. Clematis can be used as exhibition cut flowers, can be used for climbing evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs, can be used as ground cover, but also can be used for climbing wall hedges, pavilions, flower racks, styles, arches and other garden buildings.