How to grow saffron? Planting technique of saffron

Saffron, also known as saffron, saffron, its stigma is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, with sedative, expectorant effect, the main treatment of yellow gallbladder, hepatosplenomegaly, menstruation, fever and other diseases. Saffron is widely cultivated in all parts of China. The following is to introduce the saffron planting technology, the content is only for the majority of growers for reference.

I. Plant characteristics

Saffron, also known as saffron, saffron, blossoms but does not bear fruit, through the bulb for asexual reproduction. Saffron likes mild and cool climate, is afraid of heat and cold, and is suitable for growing at a temperature of-5 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. The soil had better be fertile sandy land. The corms are dormant in summer and sprout in autumn. It blossoms in late October. Flowers bloom during the day and wither at night. The methods of breeding bulbs in the field and picking flowers indoors are mostly used in our country. The effective components of the filaments are high and the quality is excellent. Saffron can be cultivated in most areas.

Prepare saffron before it is put on the shelves

1. Housing choice

The house should choose to sit north to south, well-ventilated, spacious and bright room.

2. Shelf design

The shelf of saffron is designed to be 1.5-1.8 meters long, 1 meter wide and 1.8-2 meters high.

3. Disinfection

25% carbendazim 500 times solution was used to disinfect the bed, bed frame and tray to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

Indoor management technology of saffron

1. Get on the shelf

The first year of planting requires the purchase of a single healthy ball with a weight of 20-30 grams and no mildew or disease spots. Generally, the ball can be planted for 8-10 years. The yield of saffron bulb is about twice as much every year, and the planting scale can be expanded and the planting benefit can be increased without investment in the corm after the second year. The balls will be on the shelves in mid-late August. Before putting on the shelf, soak the seed ball in 25% carbendazim 500 times solution for 20 minutes to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Let the bulb head up and bottom down, the single layer tightly placed in the tray, and then put the tray on the wooden frame.

2. Management of budding period.

The period from late August to mid-September is the period of flower bud differentiation, which requires room temperature to be kept at 24: 27 ℃; indoor humidity is maintained at 70% and 80% to promote germination. From late September to mid-October, the bulbs began to sprout, the room temperature should be kept at 16: 23 ℃, and the indoor light should be gradually brightened to enhance the natural light. The humidity in the room should be controlled at about 80%.

3. Management of flowering period

The flowering period is from late October to mid-November, and the suitable temperature is 15-18 ℃, otherwise it is easy to produce dead flowers and rotten flowers. The humidity is controlled at 70. 80%.

4. Keep the terminal bud and peel off the lateral bud

There are many lateral buds in bulbs from late September to mid-November. in order to cultivate large corms and increase filament yield, lateral buds should be removed in time. Generally, bulbs with less than 20 grams leave 1 main bud, those with 20 grams of 30 grams leave 2 main buds, and those with more than 30 grams leave 3 main buds.

5. Picking flowers

The indoor bulb blossoms at the end of October and ends in mid-November, and the florescence is about 15 days. The time to pick flowers is before the flowers are in full bloom. It is usually collected twice a day at 8: 10 in the morning and 1: 3 in the afternoon. The blooming flowers are picked on the same day.

6. Take silk

The picked flowers still need to be peeled off in time, and this process is called silk picking. The pistil of saffron consists of three connected stigmas and the lower style, and its most effective part is the red stigma of the pistil. The way to take the filament is to peel off the recovered petals gently, pinch it off at the bifurcation point of the filament, and take out the red part of the style. Be careful not to leave the style too long, which will affect the appearance of the filament. In production, it is required to pick flowers on the same day, peel flowers and take silk on the same day. If the flowers are not peeled off that night, the flowers stacked together will generate heat and make the filaments spoil easily.

7. Processing methods and storage

In order to ensure the quality of filaments, manual drying is now mostly used. Spread the stigma of the collected saffron thinly on white paper and bake in a drying box of 35-40 degrees for 6-8 hours. The dried filaments should be stored in a closed and cool place.

IV. Field cultivation management

1. Treatment of seeding balls

The bulbs collected from filaments were planted in the field in mid-November. before planting, the bulbs were soaked in 25% carbendazim 500-600 times solution for 20 minutes to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

2. Land preparation

Saffron is favored for continuous cropping. Choose sandy land with good drainage, loose and fertile land. Legumes, corn, rice and other crops had better be planted in the previous crop. Saffron belongs to shallow root plants with fibrous roots, so it is very important to apply adequate basal fertilizer. 4000-5000 kg of rotten farm manure is applied per mu. Attention should be paid when applying fertilizer, and the fertilizer should be scattered evenly on the ground.

3. Make beds

Combined with turning the ground, mix the base fertilizer into the soil and rake it flat. Dig ditch beds in the north-south direction, with a width of 1 meter, a height of 20 centimeters, and a spacing of 30-40 centimeters. The advantage of border cultivation is to increase soil ventilation, not easy to rot roots, but also help to cover plastic film in cold weather, and improve the effect of increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture. Trench the border surface with a depth of about 8 cm. The distance between the trenches is about 20 centimeters, and then you can sow all kinds of balls.

4. Sowing bulbs

Saffron propagates with bulbs, there are many main buds and lateral buds on the bulbs, the main buds bloom and lateral buds do not bloom, each bud can form a small corm, and the mother corm can grow 6-15 bulbs. If you don't wipe the buds, there will be more and more bulbs, and the yield of flowers will be lower and lower. Before planting, according to the principle of keeping big to small, strong to weak, it is necessary to peel off excess lateral buds. The number of bulbs needed to grow saffron is relatively large, about 500 kilograms per mu. The row spacing is 15-20 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, and the depth is 3mi 6 cm. The main buds of the bulb are compacted with upward cover soil. Reasonable depth is also an effective measure to increase filament yield, which can not only satisfy the growth of corms, but also inhibit the germination of new lateral buds. After sowing, the root should be watered once to make the bulb have enough water to grow. After 5-7 days, human and animal manure and water can be applied together, 3000-4000 kg per mu to promote early rooting of the corm.

5. Film mulching

The film will be covered if the weather is below 5 degrees in late November. Covering the film and compacting the film with soil blocks can not only prevent freezing and cold, but also reduce the growth of weeds and promote the growth of bulbs.

6. Uncover the film

When the temperature rises from late February to early March, the bulb will be able to uncover the film when it enters the green stage. Clean up the uncovered membrane so as not to pollute the environment.

7. Intermediate ploughing

After uncovering the film, the soil should be loosened and weeded in time. The depth of intertillage is 2-3 cm, be careful not to hurt the roots of the plant.

8. Topdressing

The period of corm returning to green is also a period of rapid increase and weight gain of corm. After uncovering the film, topdressing should be carried out in time. 3000-4000 kg of human and animal manure per mu should be applied together with watering, and topdressing again half a month later. From March to April, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves every 10-15 days for 2-3 times to promote the rapid growth of the corm.

9. Remove the lateral buds

In April, saffron entered the late growth stage of the field. if lateral buds are found to grow, lateral buds should be removed in time so as not to affect the growth of large corms.

10. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main disease of saffron after turning green is rot, and the pest is Robin root mite. The control method is to spray 25% carbendazim 500 times solution on the root of the plant after uncovering the film. If aphids appear on the leaves, dimethoate can be used to control them.

11. Harvest

Corms can be harvested when the aboveground branches and leaves of saffron turn yellow in mid-late May. Dig up the roots of the bulbs with a hoe during harvest, dig them out, remove the residual roots of branches and leaves, and dry them in the field for two days before collecting them in the storage room. Store in a cool and windy place.

The above are saffron cultivation techniques, I hope to help you, if you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to Huinong School!

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How do you grow saffron? Planting technique of saffron

Video: saffron / saffron planting management technology

[FAQ] how to grow saffron? Planting technique of saffron

[expert answers]

Brief introduction:

Saffron is a perennial bulbous plant belonging to the saffron genus of the mandarin tail family, native to the Mediterranean coast and the foothills of the Himalayas. The bulb is oblate-shaped, about 2 "3" in diameter and covered with brown epidermis. The height of the plant is about 7.5-12.5 ", and the leaves are linear and 3-5" wide, with a silver-gray stripe in the middle. Flowers are blue, yellow, white, purple, etc., will be extracted from the leaves, flowering from December of each year to March of the following year.

Saffron planting techniques:

1. Ploughing and soil preparation

The main results are as follows: (1) when planting in the open field, the soil should be ploughed and turned into a high bed, and sufficient rotten organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate should be applied as base fertilizer. After the aboveground parts withered in the middle and late May, the bulbs were dug up, put in the shade for summer, and replanted in August-September.

(2) it is suitable for potted plants to choose spring flowering varieties. 15 cm earthen pots can be planted with 5-6 balls, planted in September-October, cultured outdoors after planting, and moved indoors after rooting. The temperature is slightly higher than outdoor, and sufficient light can be given to bloom at that time. Aquaculture is the same as narcissus aquaculture.

2. Fertilization

In land cultivation, attention should be paid to weeding during the growth period, and 1-2 times of rotten cake fertilizer and water should be applied in time after flowering to facilitate corm growth.

3. Watering

Keep the soil moist after land cultivation to facilitate rooting. Attention should be paid to watering in the spring of the second year to promote the expansion of the new bulb.

4. Temperature, light

Land cultivation, the northern winter needs to cover grass curtains and other things to protect against cold.

5. Reproduction

Saffron is often propagated by the method of dividing balls, and the new balls formed on the mother balls are planted in autumn.

6. Pest control

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum harms corms and seedlings. Injured or diseased corms must be removed in storage to prevent corm deterioration and pathogen infection and spread. It can be sprayed with 500 times solution of 50% topiramate wettable powder.

[editor's comments] after the saffron flowers are shedding, the luxuriant leaves have a high ornamental value, and its plants are small and lovely. If it is not cultivated on a large scale, then it is OK to plant on the balcony courtyard or windowsill at home. It can make you feel comfortable in your busyness. Friends who like it might as well try it.

How to grow saffron? Hello:

I have some saffron growers here. I would like to ask what is the prospect of the saffron market? How to plant it? Name: Fei Lei unit: Zhejiang Quzhou contact number: 13900621 2009-01-06 expert answer Comrade Fei Lei: Hello, saffron likes cold, moist, half-shaded, light, afraid of extreme heat, cold-resistant, no less than-10 ℃ in winter can safely survive the winter; avoid rain and waterlogging, like smooth drainage, loose, fertile, humus-rich sandy soil; suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, summer dormancy It is planted after autumn and blossoms in late autumn. the flowering period is from October to November, and the aboveground part withered from April to May of the following year. The whole growth period is about 210 days. In order to make it blossom more and blossom well, the cultivation land should be highly dry, sunny, loose and fertile. Before planting, organic manure should be applied thoroughly, such as cake fertilizer, stable fertilizer, burning soil, plant ash, chicken and duck manure, etc., and some calcium superphosphate should also be applied. The bulb must choose a strong ball that is large and full, without mildew spots, and the planting distance is 10 cm × 15 cm, and the planting depth is about 5 cm. After rooting and leafing, a thin liquid fertilizer with balanced nitrogen and phosphorus can be applied every 10 days, such as adding an appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the cake fertilizer solution until the flower is removed and the bud appears color. Do not use too much or too much nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it will cause excessive growth of leaves and affect the growth of flower buds; in order to ensure that the plant can blossom more and flourish, when it is found that there are too many lateral buds on the plant, part of the small buds can be broken off to ensure that the main buds can bloom more and bloom more. In the process of the growth and development of saffron, the stagnant water must be discharged in time, especially in the continuous autumn rain season, otherwise it is easy to form stagnant water in the seedling bed, resulting in corm rot, resulting in unnecessary economic losses; in case of autumn drought, the seedbed should also be loosened and watered to keep the soil moist. After flowering in October, the balanced available fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied once or twice to facilitate the growth and development of the corm, so that the corm can store enough nutrients for more flowering and good flowering in the coming year. The above is for reference only.