How to treat tulip penicilliosis? Control measures of tulip penicillium

Tulip is a world-famous bulb flower, or an excellent variety of cut flowers, the flowers are vigorous and straight, the leaves are elegant and beautiful, and the lotus-like flowers are dignified and lovely. However, the frequent occurrence of penicilliosis in tulips in recent years has seriously affected the growth and ornamental properties of tulips. The following editor talks about the symptoms of tulip penicilliosis and the prevention and treatment of tulip penicilliosis.

I. harmful symptoms of tulip penicilliosis

Tulip penicillium, also known as Penicillium rot, mainly harms the bulb, and the aboveground plants infected with the bulb often show symptoms. At the initial stage of infection, brown or dark brown sunken spots were formed on the bulb, and the internal scales gradually rotted in the form of water stains. Penicillium and fungal fruiting bodies grew inside and outside when the humidity was high, and a blue-green mold layer appeared on the surface, and finally the bulbs became rotten wood-like dry rot. Waterlogged disease spots are produced at the top of young buds and tender leaves, and there is a clear boundary between the disease part and the health part. The plants on the infected bulbs were short, the leaves were green, twisted, the flowers were deformed or did not blossom, and finally the plants died ahead of time. During the storage period, there were no symptoms on the outside of the bulb at the initial stage of the disease, and the transverse and longitudinal cutting of the bulb could be seen that the scale expanded from the inside of the mildew layer to the center, and the central growing point rotted.

Second, the prevention and control of tulip penicilliosis:

1. Improve soil structure and rational crop rotation. Tulips like fertile, well-drained soil. However, deep ploughing should be carried out before planting, artificial media should be added to improve soil structure and sufficient base fertilizer should be added. Continuous cropping of tulip is easy to cause species degradation, increase the accumulation of diseases and insect pests in the soil, and increase the occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests, which generally requires 2-3 years of rotation.

2. Disinfect soil and bulbs. To disinfect the soil, the mixture of formalin (1:50) and phoxim (1Suzhou 1000) was irrigated, covered with film for 7 days, then lifted, dried naturally (to avoid drug damage to the bulb), and seeded 14 days later. Seed balls can be sterilized with carbendazim (1 Val 800) plus propargite (1 v 1 000), soaked for 25-30 minutes, then dried in the shade, and seeded on the second day. If there are conditions, you can also use warm soup to soak seeds, but to master the temperature, generally about 52 ℃.

3. Strengthen the management. Choose disease-free bulbs with large diameter and greater weight. The planting depth is 1-2 times of the bulb diameter, and the row and spacing is 15-20 cm × 15-20 cm, which ensures ventilation and light transmission at the adult stage. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was selected, and milk fertilizer was applied in time during leaf expansion. In order to ensure the flowering quality in the budding stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaf surface for 1-2 times. To breed the bulb, you need to pick the bud, and then fertilize the ball. Fertilizer to avoid fat into the heart, resulting in bad heart. If the climate is dry, water should be replenished in time to facilitate root sprouting.

4. Chemical control during the growing period. Close attention should be paid to stem and leaf diseases after tulips are unearthed. Especially in the leaf expansion stage, when the plant growth is weak, it is extremely vulnerable to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and blight, so it is necessary to spray protective fungicide Dasheng 600 times regularly, and the protective effect is very good. If diseased plants are found, thiophanate methyl and carbendazim 600-800 times can be sprayed alternately. Noctuidae occasionally feed on flower buds in the bud stage, which can be captured manually to avoid pesticide application, otherwise it will have an impact on the flower buds. The occurrence of mites pests should be controlled with 1500 times solution of propargite.

5. Prevention and control during storage period. Harvest the bulbs before the leaves wither, and try to keep the seeds with non-wound bulbs. Fumigate and disinfect the storeroom before entering the warehouse, and then put the sterilized seed ball into the warehouse after drying. In general, the storage temperature of tulips should be kept at 22-25 ℃, and the relative humidity should be 70% 80%. After that, the temperature should be gradually reduced to 18-20 ℃, and good ventilation should be maintained.

The above are the prevention and control methods of tulip penicilliosis. Tulips are often wet in the shade of the planting land, moisture retention, and underground pests are easy to occur; the humidity is high during the storage period, and the disease is serious in the place where there is no ventilation. Too much watering, the soil temperature in the bowl is too high, water can be seen dripping after the soil is pinched by hand, and the temperature at that time is about 20 ℃, which is very beneficial to the reproduction of Penicillium.

Control methods of tulip penicillium

Tulip penicillium: it belongs to Penicillium, which is mainly harmful to bulbs and saprophytic. The surface layer of the injured bulb is covered with a layer of green mold, and in severe cases, the inner scale is also damaged. Most of the disease is caused by wound infection caused by mechanical wounds or mites.

Prevention and control methods:

1. Improve soil structure and rational crop rotation. Tulips like fertile, well-drained soil. However, deep ploughing should be carried out before planting, artificial media should be added to improve soil structure and sufficient base fertilizer should be added. Continuous cropping of tulip is easy to cause species degradation, increase the accumulation of diseases and insect pests in the soil, and increase the occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests, which generally requires 2-3 years of rotation.

2. Disinfect soil and bulbs. To disinfect the soil, the mixture of formalin (1:50) and phoxim (1Suzhou 1000) was irrigated, covered with film for 7 days, then lifted, dried naturally (to avoid drug damage to the bulb), and seeded 14 days later. Seed balls can be sterilized with carbendazim (1 Val 800) plus propargite (1 v 1 000), soaked for 25-30 minutes, then dried in the shade, and seeded on the second day. If there are conditions, you can also use warm soup to soak seeds, but to master the temperature, generally about 52 ℃.

3. Strengthen the management. Choose disease-free bulbs with large diameter and greater weight. The planting depth is 1-2 times of the bulb diameter, and the row and spacing is 15-20 cm × 15-20 cm, which ensures ventilation and light transmission at the adult stage. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was selected, and milk fertilizer was applied in time during leaf expansion. In order to ensure the flowering quality in the budding stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaf surface for 1-2 times. To breed the bulb, you need to pick the bud, and then fertilize the ball. Fertilizer to avoid fat into the heart, resulting in bad heart. If the climate is dry, water should be replenished in time to facilitate root sprouting.

4. Chemical control during the growing period. Close attention should be paid to stem and leaf diseases after tulips are unearthed. Especially in the leaf expansion stage, when the plant growth is weak, it is extremely vulnerable to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and blight, so it is necessary to spray protective fungicide Dasheng 600 times regularly, and the protective effect is very good. If diseased plants are found, thiophanate methyl and carbendazim 600-800 times can be sprayed alternately. Noctuidae occasionally feed on flower buds in the bud stage, which can be captured manually to avoid pesticide application, otherwise it will have an impact on the flower buds. The occurrence of mites pests should be controlled with 1500 times solution of propargite.

5. Prevention and control during storage period. Harvest the bulbs before the leaves wither, and try to keep the seeds with non-wound bulbs. Fumigate and disinfect the storeroom before entering the warehouse, and then put the sterilized seed ball into the warehouse after drying. In general, the storage temperature of tulips should be kept at 22-25 ℃, and the relative humidity should be 70% 80%. After that, the temperature should be gradually reduced to 18-20 ℃, and good ventilation should be maintained.

Penicilliosis of tulips

Tulip penicillium, also known as tulip corm rot. It mainly harms the bulb and can also show symptoms in the aboveground part. Bruised bulbs are especially prone to this disease during storage. The surface layer of the injured bulb is covered with a layer of green mold, and in severe cases, the inner scale is also damaged. Dark brown sunken disease spots are formed on the bulbs, the internal scales gradually rot, and finally the bulbs become decaying woody dry rot. The disease can also show symptoms in the aboveground part of the growing period, that is, waterlogged spots appear on the top of young and young leaves, with obvious boundary in the healthy part and covered with penicillium at the top. The plants formed by the infected bulbs are short, green, do not blossom or are malformed, and die early.

The disease is a fungal disease, and the pathogen is Penicillium fasciculata, which is mainly saprophytic. Most of the disease is caused by wound infection caused by mechanical wounds, burns or mites, the cool environment is conducive to bacterial infection, and the disease occurs rapidly in storage places with poor ventilation and muggy heat. Bulbs are easy to suffer during storage and transportation, and bruised bulbs are the most vulnerable.