Efficient planting techniques and pest control of Paeonia lactiflora in saline-alkali area

How to plant peony? There are many flower growers recently have the idea to plant peony flowers, and the following Huinong net editor wants to tell you how to grow peony in saline-alkali areas? How to make peony grow vigorously in saline-alkali and blossom every year?

1 planting site selection and soil treatment

Because Paeonia lactiflora is resistant to drought and afraid of waterlogging, it should be planted in a place with higher terrain, 0.3m higher than the ground, which can avoid stagnant water and effectively prevent soil from returning alkali. The original soil of the planting land is clay loam with a pH value of 8.5 and a salt content of 0.15%. The author replaced the soil with a sandy loam with a pH value of 8.2 and a salt content of 0.05%, and added plain sandy soil at the ratio of 1:1, then applied rotten ring fertilizer with the amount of 700~800kg per mu, and added 45kg sulfur powder per mu at the same time. Sandy loam, plain sandy soil, ring fertilizer and sulfur powder should be fully mixed and spread out to dry. After that, a deep turning is carried out every 15 days, and it is generally necessary to turn deeply for 3 or 4 times before planting. Appropriate amount of carbofuran can be applied in the process of turning soil to prevent the breeding of underground insect pests. In addition, attention should be paid to prevent the growth of weeds in the process of deep turning.

2 planting method

2.1 planting time

In Renqiu, the weather in the seventh month of the lunar calendar is still hot, so it needs to be postponed for about 45 days, and it will be planted at the end of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, and there is no adverse reaction.

2.2 planting hole excavation

The plant-row spacing is 80cm × 90m, and the size of the planting hole (length × width × depth) is 50cm × 50cm × 40cm. Apply dried chicken manure to the bottom of the hole, each 0.5kg, and mix well with the subsoil.

2.3 planting

When planting, you should pay attention to "three presses and one mention". Immediately after planting, use sterilized scissors to flatten stubble, and immediately spray 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for disinfection. Then beat the back and divide the border, and immediately pour water once. After the topsoil is dry, the mound is covered so that it can survive the winter safely.

Three kinds of post-management

3.1 watering

Watering should be combined with the habit of peony. In order to irrigate the thawing water in early spring, the pre-flowering water at the end of April, the water after flowering in mid-late May and the overwintering water in early November, it is necessary to irrigate thoroughly the four times of water combined with fertilization. Watering combined with weather conditions, generally rainy season should be less watering or no watering, but long-term drought should also be appropriate watering, rainy season should also timely eliminate stagnant water to prevent water rotting roots. Watering during flowering is strictly prohibited. Watering during flowering will shorten the viewing period and cause flowers to wither prematurely. Try to avoid foliar spraying, otherwise it will aggravate the brown spot and speed up the spread.

3.2 fertilization

In addition to applying an appropriate amount of base fertilizer when planting, it should be carried out regularly and appropriately every year. Fertilization is generally divided into four times, the first is after sprouting in early spring, the second is before flowering, the third is after flowering, and the fourth is before winter. None of these four times of fatness is indispensable. Fertilization after sprouting is mainly to promote plant growth, which is conducive to the growth of flower buds. This time, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and can be mixed with sesame sauce residue. The purpose of applying pre-flowering fertilizer is to promote the expansion of flower buds, prolong the flowering period, make the flowers bright, and fertilize mainly with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The purpose of applying post-anthesis fertilizer is to supplement the nutrients consumed by flowering, and three-element compound fertilizer can also be used. The last overwintering fertilizer is mainly rotten fermented ring fertilizer, which can effectively increase the ground temperature and facilitate the plant overwintering. There is usually no fertilization in summer.

3.3 ploughing and weeding

Ploughing should be carried out in time after each watering or after rainfall. The suitable depth of loosening soil is 6~10cm, which can not damage the root system. Try to get rid of the weeds in the peony field so that you can pull them as you go.

3.4 pruning

Peeling off the lateral buds, the peony buds are generally clustered, and the small buds on the outside should be removed in time, leaving only the large buds in the middle to concentrate on the use of nutrients. Cut off the residual flowers in time after flowering, so as not to make them bear fruit, so as not to consume nutrients. The leaves on the ground are cut off before overwintering to facilitate the accumulation of soil for overwintering.

(4) Disease and pest control

The main diseases are rust, red spot, brown spot, black spot and white silk disease. Rust mainly harmed the leaves of the plants. there were small yellowish-brown particles on the back of the leaves at the beginning of the disease, and round or oval gray spots were gradually formed in the later stage. If it occurs, 1:l:160 Bordeaux solution can be sprayed for prevention and control, from the middle of April to the middle of May, once every 10 days. Erythema mainly harms leaves and petals. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves appear light green round spots, then gradually expand into irregular spots, and finally the disease spots connect with each other, making the whole leaf brown. It can be effectively prevented by spraying 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder every 10 days from germination.

4.1 Brown spot

Mainly infect the leaves, the round brown disease spots on the leaves are stained with black mildew layer at the time of onset, and then the disease spots can be connected into large irregular patches, which can lead to leaf death in severe cases, and can be sprayed with 800 times of 70% mancozeb wettable particles at an interval of 10 days each time. Black spot mainly harmed the leaves, the disease spots on the leaves were dark brown at the beginning of the disease, and gradually enlarged and perforated in the later stage. If it occurs, 800 times of 80% mancozeb wettable particles can be used for prevention and control. White silk disease is very easy to occur in hot and humid weather in summer, and the disease is characterized by white hyphae on the root neck. It can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable particles 800 times every 15 days after flowering and sprayed continuously for 4 times 5 times, which can effectively control the disease. Jishan Huayao

4.2 insect pests

There are mainly aphids, shell insects, red spiders and underground pest grubs. If it happens, you can use shoveling aphids to kill aphids, quick media to kill shell insects, triclofenac to kill red spiders, 5% zinc parathion particles 1: 59 for grubs, 25 times mixed with plain sandy soil, and spread to control in the evening.

Other management for varieties with large flowers and easy to droop their heads, a pillar should be set up before flowering to prevent the flowers from drooping.

Shading during the flowering period to avoid direct sunlight from 9 am to 5 pm can effectively prolong the flowering period.

Overwintering management, cut off the residual plants before winter, pour enough frozen water to pile the mound in time to survive the winter, the mound thickness 25~30cm, the next spring sprouting after plucking the mound.

The above are the key points of the management of the cultivation of Paeonia lactiflora in saline-alkali areas, you can seriously learn its key points, but also want to know more flower planting skills, then please continue to pay attention to Huinong net!

Cultivation techniques of Paeonia lactiflora in saline-alkali areas of North China Paeonia lactiflora is a traditional famous flower of our country, which has the laudatory name of "flower phase". It is mainly distributed in northeast, North China and northwest Gansu, Shaanxi and other places, but it is very difficult to grow in saline-alkali areas of North China because of its intolerance to saline-alkali. Renqiu City, Hebei Province is a typical saline-alkali soil area, the author has tried to plant more than 1000 peony here, all of them have survived, and grow vigorously, blossom every year. The successful experience gained in the process of cultivation is introduced as follows, for reference only.

Planting site selection and soil treatment

Because the peony is resistant to drought and afraid of waterlogging, it should be planted in higher places (0.3 m to 1 m above the ground). This has two advantages: one is to avoid stagnant water, and the other is to effectively prevent the soil from returning alkali. The original soil of the planting land is clay loam with a pH value of 8.5 and a salt content of 0.15%. In order to create a better growth environment, we replace the soil with a sandy loam with a pH value of 8.2 and a salt content of 0.05%, and add plain sand in the proportion of 1 ∶ 1, and then apply rotten ring fertilizer at the amount of 700kg to 800kg per mu, while adding 45kg sulfur powder per mu. The function of sulfur powder is not only to reduce the pH value of the soil, but also to disinfect the soil. Sandy loam, plain sandy soil, ring fertilizer and sulfur powder should be fully mixed, spread out and dried. After that, a deep turning is carried out every 15 days, and it is generally necessary to turn deeply three or four times before planting. In the process of turning over the soil, some carbofuran can be applied appropriately to prevent the breeding of underground pests. In addition, attention should be paid to prevent the growth of weeds in the process of deep turning.

Planting

Planting time flower proverb says: seven peony, eight peony. However, in Renqiu, the weather was still hot in July of the lunar calendar, so we delayed planting for about one and a half months and planted at the end of August of the lunar calendar, and there was no adverse reaction.

The row spacing of the planting hole is 80 cm × 90 cm, and the size of the planting hole (length × width × depth) is 50 cm × 50 cm × 40 cm. Apply dried chicken manure to the bottom of the hole, 0.5 kg per plant, and mix well with the subsoil.

When planting, you should pay attention to "three presses and one mention". Immediately after planting, use sterilized scissors to flatten the stubble, and immediately spray 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder to disinfect. Then beat the back and divide the border, and immediately water it thoroughly. After the topsoil is dry, the mound is covered so that it can survive the winter safely.

Post-planting management

Watering the peony should be combined with the habit of "like a slightly humid environment, drought tolerance, fear of waterlogging, and avoid stagnant water". In the daily management, we should focus on the following points: first, it is necessary to irrigate the thawing water in early spring, the pre-flowering water at the end of April, the post-flowering water in mid-late May, and the overwintering water in early November. Second, watering should be carried out in combination with weather conditions, generally less watering or no watering in the rainy season, but long-term drought should also be watered properly, and stagnant water should be eliminated in time in the rainy season to prevent water from rotting; third, watering during flowering season will shorten the viewing period and cause flowers to wither prematurely; fourth, try to avoid foliar spraying, foliar spraying will aggravate brown spot disease and speed up the spread.

To apply fertilizer to peony, in addition to applying an appropriate amount of base fertilizer when planting, it is also necessary to apply the right amount of topdressing regularly every year. Fertilization is generally divided into four times, the first is after sprouting in early spring, the second is before flowering, the third is after flowering, and the fourth is before winter. None of these four times of fatness is indispensable. Fertilization after sprouting is mainly to promote plant growth and conducive to flower bud growth, this time the fertilizer is mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and can be properly mixed with sesame sauce residue; the purpose of pre-flowering fertilizer is to promote flower bud expansion, prolong florescence and make flowers bright. this time, the fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the purpose of post-anthesis fertilizer is to supplement the nutrients consumed by flowering, this time the three-element compound fertilizer can also be used. The last overwintering fertilizer is mainly rotten fermented ring fertilizer, which can effectively increase the ground temperature and facilitate the plant overwintering. There is usually no fertilization in summer.

Intertillage and weeding should be carried out in time after each watering or rainfall. There are three purposes of intertillage: one is to prevent soil hardening, which is conducive to root growth; the second is to effectively reduce water evaporation and maintain good soil moisture; the third is to increase soil passability. conducive to root respiration and soil microbial activities, promote soil ripening; fourth, it can effectively prevent anti-alkali. The depth of loosening soil should be 6 to 10 cm, and the root system should not be damaged. Weeds are the hosts and disseminators of many diseases and insect pests, and they also compete with peony for nutrients, so we should try our best to get out of the weeds in the peony field.

There are three contents of pruning peony: the first is to remove the lateral buds, the buds of peony are generally clustered, and the small buds on the outside should be removed in time, leaving only the large buds in the middle, so as to concentrate on the use of nutrients, which is the so-called "peony folding head" in the flower proverb; the second is to cut off the residual flowers in time after flowering so as not to make them bear fruit, so as not to consume nutrients; the third is to cut off the leaves on the ground before overwintering, in order to pile the soil through the winter.

The main diseases of peony caused by pest control are as follows.

1. Rust, which mainly harms plant leaves, has small yellowish-brown particles on the back at the beginning of the disease, and gradually forms round or oval gray spots in the later stage. If it happens, 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 160Bordeaux solution can be sprayed every ten days from the middle of April to the middle of May.

two。 Erythema, which mainly harms leaves and petals, appears light green round spots at the beginning of the disease, then gradually expands into irregular spots, and finally the disease spots connect with each other, causing the whole leaf to turn brown. It can be effectively prevented by spraying 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder every 10 days from sprouting.

3. Brown spot, this disease mainly infects leaves, the round brown disease spots on the leaves are covered with black mildew layer, and then the disease spots can be connected into large irregular patches, which can lead to leaf death in severe cases. 70% mancozeb wettable particles 800 times solution can be sprayed for 3 to 4 times in a row, each time at an interval of 10 days.

4. Black spot disease mainly harms the leaves. The disease spots on the leaves are dark brown at the initial stage of the disease, and gradually expand and perforate in the later stage. If it occurs, 800 times of 80% mancozeb wettable particles can be used for prevention and control.

5. White silk disease, which is easy to occur in hot and humid weather in summer, is characterized by white hyphae on the root neck, which can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable particles 800 times every 15 days after flowering for 4 to 5 times in a row, which can effectively control the disease.

The main pests harmful to peony are aphids, shell insects, red spiders and underground pest grubs. If it happens, you can use shoveling aphids to kill aphids, quick media to kill scale insects, triclofenac to kill red spiders, 1 to 5 grams of 5% zinc parathion particles and 25 times of plain sand for grub control in the evening.

Other management 1. For varieties with large flowers and easy to droop their heads, pillars should be set up before flowering to prevent the flowers from drooping. two。 Shading, shading during flowering to avoid direct sunlight from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., can effectively prolong the flowering period. 3. Overwintering management, cut off the residual plants before winter, after pouring enough frozen water, it is necessary to pile the mound in time to survive the winter, the mound is 25 to 30 cm thick, and the mound will be opened after sprouting in spring next year.

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The cultivation technology of Paeonia lactiflora is one of the traditional famous flowers in China, which has been cultivated for more than 3000 years. Peony flower shape is changeable, the flower color is gorgeous, the green leaf is natural and unrestrained, the plant is plump, is used for the greening and ornamental, can introduce the people into the magnificent fantasy land.

Paeonia lactiflora is a perennial herbaceous flower of Ranunculaceae with a plant height of about 1 meter. The flower is solitary at the top of the branch of the year, and some are born in the axilla of the apical leaf. The flower is longer, the flower is divided into single and double flowers, and the flower color is white, yellow, pink, purple, rose and so on. Paeonia lactiflora has strong cold tolerance and can survive the winter naturally in the open field in most areas of northern China. But the heat resistance is poor, and the growth stops in the hot summer. Like sunshine, but can also grow and blossom in sparse shade. Like moist, but afraid of waterlogging, it is suitable to grow in deep, fertile and well-drained sandy loam, low-lying saline-alkali land is not suitable for cultivation. Paeonia lactiflora is commonly cultured by split-plant method, and the suitable time for plant separation is from late August to mid-September. The method of ramification is to dig up the clumps of more than 3-year-old plants, shake off the soil, dry and wilt slightly, take three or four buds as one, find the smallest part of the natural connection and cut it with a sharp knife, and the cut is coated with charcoal powder to prevent corrosion. In order to promote the germination of new roots, the fleshy roots can be kept 15 cm long for truncation. It should be planted as soon as possible after ramet. The growth characteristic of Paeonia lactiflora is that it grows and blossoms rapidly after sprouting in spring, stops growing upward after flowering, and the number of leaves no longer increases. At the end of autumn, all the aboveground stems and leaves withered, and the underground long spindle-shaped fleshy roots accumulated sufficient nutrients, which were deep in the soil, and the root neck was covered with buds to be sprouted, and broke out when it returned to the earth in the next spring. The cultivation and management of Paeonia lactiflora is relatively simple, because it is a fleshy root, the planting site should be the place of leeward to the sun, deep soil layer and high dryness. Turn more than 30 cm deep before planting, apply fully mature organic fertilizer, bone powder and a small amount of insecticide, turn it deeply again, and cover it with a thin layer of soil to avoid root rot caused by direct contact with fertilizer. Then put the peony into the hole to make the root system stretch and straighten. The suitable planting depth is 3-4 cm thick covered with soil above the bud. After covering the soil, the soil will be gently compacted, watered through, and shallow ploughing will be carried out the next evening to make the soil well ventilated. In the cold area in winter, the soil is 20 cm thick on the planting hole after the beginning of winter to facilitate safe overwintering. The soil will be removed in time after the soil is thawed in the following spring. Fertilizing and watering new buds in spring, ploughing and preserving soil moisture. After budding, remove the lateral buds in time, concentrate nutrients for the growth and development of the main buds, and ensure that the Corolla of the main buds is plump. The pedicel should be cut off in time after the flower fade, so as not to seed: so as not to consume nutrients. Immediately after flowering, liquid fertilizer was applied once to promote flower bud differentiation. After fertilization, whether to irrigate the third time of water was determined according to the dry and wet condition of the soil. From spring to autumn, we should often plough weeds and control diseases and insect pests. When the leaves are withered and yellow in autumn, they should be cut off in time, and apply barnyard manure or compost again, and then cultivate the soil to survive the winter.