Control techniques of diseases and insect pests of potted rose in courtyard (taking the climate of Qianxi County as an example)

Garden potted rose is a famous flower in Qianxi County. Because Qianxi County is warm in winter and cool in summer, the climatic conditions are especially suitable for the growth and development of rose. As long as the fertilizer and water management is strengthened, it can blossom all the year round. At the same time, strengthening the control of diseases and insect pests is the key to the cultivation and management of potted rose in the courtyard of Qianxi County.

1 integrated control measures of diseases and insect pests of potted rose

1.1 selection of resistant varieties

Qianxi County has abundant rainfall, especially from June to September, the number of rainy days is more concentrated, high temperature and humidity are easy to cause a variety of diseases, varieties with strong disease resistance should be selected to reduce the incidence.

1.2 strengthen planting management

First of all, select the suitable cultivated soil, such as the slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with loose and fertile soil and pH value of about 6.5. Secondly, choose a suitable flowerpot. A small pot with a diameter of about 20 cm was selected for seedling cultivation to avoid excessive moisture which was not conducive to the growth of seedlings. Large seedling cultivation chooses flowerpots with larger caliber and deeper diameter to facilitate the growth of root system. When cultivating, put a layer of pine needle or ceramsite or twig cushion at the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage and avoid stagnant water in the basin soil. Finally, select the appropriate placement point. Potted rose in the courtyard should not be placed too densely. In order to keep the cultivation environment ventilated and transparent, it is best to have about 5 hours of light every day.

1.3 strengthen pruning to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions of trees

Timely remove dense branches, weak branches, withered branches, disease and insect branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, parallel branches, overgrown branches and drooping branches and other useless branches to keep the inner chamber ventilated and transparent. After flowering, cut short the flower branches at the full buds of 3 ~ 5 leaves under the flower, remove the leaves of diseases and insects in time and destroy them centrally.

1.4 strengthen fertilizer and water management and enhance plant disease resistance

First of all, in May-October, where the florescence is more concentrated, mature organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content is applied every 7-10 days, and 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surface every 15 days. If the plant is not growing well, urea can be applied appropriately. Secondly, the combination of autumn basin change (not too early), apply sufficient organic fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer. In addition, the frequency and amount of fertilization in winter should be reduced, or even stopped. Finally, water it at the right time. Water is dry and poured thoroughly, and poured from the edge of the basin to avoid spraying. Water in the evening in summer and autumn and at noon in winter and spring. Rain Water should take shelter from the rain for a long time. Do not directly use tap water for watering. Tap water should be stored for 2 days before use. Combined with watering, 1: 200 ferrous sulfate solution can be applied once a season to adjust soil acidity and alkalinity.

1.5 rational spraying prevention and control

First of all, 800 ~ 1000 times mancozeb, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, aldicarb and other solutions were used alternately in the growing season to spray to prevent diseases, and the best alternative spraying was once every 15 days in summer and autumn. Secondly, 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution (baking soda solution) or 150 ~ 200 times rice vinegar solution was alternately sprayed every 7 ~ 10 days for three or four times in a row. In addition, aphids can be controlled with imidacloprid, avermectin and pyrethroids. Scale insects can be controlled with quick killing EC, 50% malathion 1 500 times and 2.5% deltamethrin 3000 times. When spraying, add the right amount of washing powder to the liquid.

2 prevention and control of common diseases

2.1 powdery mildew

Powdery mildew will seriously affect the growth of rose, the main affected parts are leaves, pedicels and so on, the location affected by the bacteria will appear a lot of powdery spots, with the passage of time, gradually become powdery mildew layer. If the disease is mild, the growth rate of rose becomes slower, some leaves grow malformed and the overall posture of flowers is unstable.

Prevention and treatment: 25% trimethoprim powder can be used to prevent water dilution to 1 500 ~ 2 000 times. At the same time, anti-mildew can also prevent powdery mildew, for example, during the onset period of rose powdery mildew, the solution with a concentration of 100 mg is sprayed into spray, and it can be sprayed for 3 times in a treatment cycle of 15 or 20 days.

2.2 Black spot

The main injured parts of rose are leaves, twigs, pedicels and so on. During the initial infection, the leaves appear brown radioactive plaques, which will form black plaques at the edge of the plaques, and then the plaques gradually expand, tend to be round, and the edge is more obvious. the infected position gradually necrosed, and some leaves gradually fell off from the whole rose, affecting the effect of flowering.

Prevention and treatment: 75% chlorothalonil can be used to dilute the water to 800 ~ 1000 times and spray on the surface of the rose to prevent the spread of black spot.

A brief discussion on the Propagation methods and Pest Control techniques of Acer mongolica

Golden-leaf compound-leaf Acer is an ornamental leaf-shaped seedling, which is characterized by beautiful leaf color, golden yellow in spring and yellow-green in summer, with high ornamental value and can be planted in courtyards or parks. Today, the editor will talk to you about the breeding methods and pest control techniques of Golden-leaf Acer.

Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Acer truncatum

1 morphological characteristics

Acer auriculata is a deciduous tree with a maximum of 18m. The bark is dark yellow. Branchlets columnar, not tomentose

2 distribution and growth environment

Sun-loving tree species, more cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, strong growth ability, do not have high requirements for soil, but the sandy loam soil with rich humus and good drainage grows best. It can be planted in many areas of our country and has a strong ability to resist diseases and insect pests.

3Propagation

The progeny of seed reproduction varies greatly. In order to maintain its excellent characteristics, the production of Acer mongolica mainly adopts the methods of grafting, hardwood cutting and tender wood cutting.

3.1 grafting

3.1.1 rootstock. Compound leaf Acer seedlings were selected as rootstocks.

Land preparation: select the land with deep soil layer, fertile humus and good drainage, deep ploughing 35cm in autumn, apply sufficient base fertilizer before ploughing, apply rotten farm manure 2500kg per mu, rake flat, rake fine, and make a big ridge.

3.1.1.2 seed treatment: the seeds were treated with variable temperature. Methods: the seeds were mixed in a cold cellar according to the ratio of seeds to river sand 1 ∶ 3, taken out in spring, placed at room temperature for 25 ℃, germinated for 25 days, ready for use.

3.1.1.3 sowing: strip sowing is used in production, and deep 5cm ditches are opened on the ridge to sow seeds. After sowing, the seeds are covered with fine soil, compacted, sunshades and watered thoroughly.

3.1.1.4 Field management: moisture regulation is carried out according to weather conditions, and timely watering is required in case of dry weather. In the peak growth period, weed and loosen the soil in time, but when weeding and loosening the soil, we should be careful not to hurt the root system of the seedlings. Before the peak growth period, compound fertilizer was applied once and 35kg was applied per mu.

3.1.1.5 transplanting: in order to cultivate good rootstocks, 1-year-old seedlings need to be transplanted according to the row spacing of 30cm × 30cm.

3.1.2 scion. The scion was collected during the dormant period of the plant, the strong and disease-free plants were selected, and the fully developed lignified branches were collected in the growing season, the leaves and petioles were removed and moisturized in the cool place.

3.1.3 scion treatment. After the scion was cut, the scion was treated immediately and treated with naphthalene acetic acid at the concentration of 100mg/ L. the 5~8cm of the root of the scion was put into the treatment solution, and the 30~50min was removed for use.

3.1.4 grafting. The grafting time in the northern region is spring. The diameter of the scion must be smaller than the diameter of the rootstock. When grafting, use a grafting knife to cut vertically outward along the scissors of the rootstock. The length of the knife is about 2.5cm, reaching the xylem. Use the knife tip to gently pick the cortex, quickly insert the cut scion into the skin of the rootstock, depth 0.5~0.7cm, fasten the scion with plastic tape, and then fasten the scion and rootstock from the bottom with a plastic bag to form a small air bag. Seven days later, after the grafted seedling survived, the small airbag was cut with a knife, and after 7 days of seedling refining, the bound plastic film bag was removed.

3.2 Hardwood cutting

3.2.1 cuttings. The cuttings were collected after the seedlings were defoliated in autumn and the plants entered the dormant period. Select 1-3-year-old branches with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests, cuttings thicker than 1.5cm, cuttings length 18~22cm, cuttings should be cut flat and oblique when collecting cuttings.

3.2.2 cuttings treatment. Soak in ABT rooting powder with 80mg/ L concentration for 22 hours, remove and set aside.

3.2.3 insert the machine. Choose a piece of sandy soil with fertile humus and good drainage to make a bed, sprinkle 15cm thick fine river sand at the bottom of the front bed, and disinfect the river sand with 5% potassium permanganate to make a bed.

3.2.4 Cuttage. The treated cuttings were inserted into the bed according to the row spacing of 35cm × 40cm plants, compacted, watered and covered with plastic film at night in the northern region. After 7-13 days, the cuttings will sprout and survive.

3.2.4 Field management. The seedling management after cutting is very important, and it is the key link for the survival of cutting seedlings. After cutting, shading should be carried out, the temperature should be controlled at 20: 25 ℃, and the air humidity should be 75% to 85%. According to the weather conditions, adjust moisture in time, combined with watering, spray 900 times 55% carbendazim solution once in the evening to disinfect the seedbed to prevent the occurrence of diseases. After the cuttings survived, foliar fertilizer should be applied in time when it entered the rooting stage, and the foliar fertilizer should be used alternately with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, spraying once every 4 days and spraying 3 times continuously. When the main root length of cuttings is more than 6cm, compound fertilizer should be applied in time and 1 00kg per mu. Combined with watering, timely weeding and loosening soil, it is beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings.

(4) Disease and pest control

4.1 Disease

The main disease is shoot blight. Shoot blight generally begins to appear mildew spot when the new shoot grows about 6cm, which spreads the whole plant and seriously causes the plant to dry up and die. Prevention and control methods:

1) after the seedlings enter the dormant period, cut off the diseased branches and dead branches in time, and burn them centrally. 2) before the seedling sprouts in early spring, spray 55% carbendazim 600 times or 65% methyl topiramate 900 times to prevent, spray once every 7 days, spray 3 times continuously, and spray evenly when spraying liquid.

4.2 insect pests

The main pest is Spodoptera litura. The larvae of Plutella xylostella damaged the leaves from the beginning of June to September, and even the whole plant withered and died in serious cases. Prevention and control methods:

1) before the 2nd instar of the larvae, 85% crystal trichlorfon 1200 times, or 50% phoxim EC 900x, or 25% chrysanthemum vinegar EC 1800 times were sprayed to control. 2) pruning after defoliation in winter to remove diseased branches, leaves and cocoons, and burn them centrally.

From the editor's point of view, the golden leaf Acer is a very good-looking seedling with a very good leaf shape, and the planting method is simple. Large tree-shaped plants in the courtyard can also shade the sun and enjoy the cool. At present, greening is being carried out in major cities, and it has a very good planting prospect. Above are detailed control techniques and disease control methods, which can be used for reference by people who plant seedlings.

Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Begonia

Begonia is a green tree species with high ornamental value. The graceful tree can watch both flowers and leaves, and can be planted in courtyards, parks and roadsides. The following is about the breeding and pest control techniques of begonia, which can be used for reference by interested parents.

1 cultivation techniques

1.1 Land preparation

Select the land with deep soil layer, fertile humus and good drainage, turn the soil deep into 35cm in autumn, apply sufficient bottom fertilizer before turning the soil, and apply rotten farm manure 1500kg per mu, then rake flat and make ridges.

1.2 colonization

One-year-old seedlings were selected and planted according to the row spacing of 0.8m × 1.5m. Holes were dug before planting and water trays were formed with soil after planting, which was beneficial to water conservation and watering.

1.3 grafting

1.3.1 rootstock. In order to save the cost in production, grafting is more selected to propagate seedlings. The "T'" shape budding was used. Bauhinia was selected as the rootstock in Heilongjiang Province. 2-year-old pest-free and healthy rootstocks were selected. In the middle of June, the rootstocks were truncated and the branches below 10cm from the root of the rootstocks were cut off at 7: 10 before budding.

1.3.2 scion. Select more than 3-year-old healthy branches with flowering leaves and full buds, cut off the leaves after selection, and deal with them immediately.

1.3.3 scion treatment. After cutting the scion, the scion was treated with 50mg/ L naphthylacetic acid. The root 5~10cm of the scion was put into the treatment solution, and the 20~30min was removed for use.

1.3.4 grafting. Cross-cut the 0.3~0.8cm above the selected leaf bud with a bud knife to length 0.5~0.9cm, and completely cut off the cortex of more than 1 / 3 of the scion. Cut into a "T'" shape on the selected rootstock, cut open the cut on the rootstock, insert the scion with the scion petiole facing up, and after insertion, align the upper end of the scion with the "T"-shaped transverse notch, and be careful not to entangle the leaf bud and petiole. check whether the grafting survived after 5 days, and the binding will be lifted after about 12 days, so as not to hinder the growth of the combined part.

1.4 transplanting

Choose the land with flat terrain, deep soil layer and fertile humus to prepare the land and make ridges. One-year-old seedlings without diseases and insect pests were selected and transplanted according to the row spacing of 80cm × 90cm plants. When transplanting, dig holes, pour water after planting, and step on it. When transplanting in dry weather, water should be used for transplanting. After transplanting seedlings slowly, new buds from the roots should be removed at any time, and then routine field management should be carried out.

1.5 Field management

1.5.1 moisture regulation. After transplanting seedlings, water was watered for 2 times before slow seedling. After the branches germinated new leaves, water was watered according to soil moisture, water was replenished in time in case of drought, and drained in time in rainy season. After the second year of planting, the seedlings have a certain drought resistance, which can reduce the watering times, watering frozen water once before winter and thawing water once in spring.

1.5.2 weeding and loosening the soil. During the peak period of plant growth, weeds are overgrown, so it is necessary to weed in time, and weeding combined with loosening soil should be carried out together. Be careful not to hurt seedlings, especially roots, when weeding and loosening soil.

1.5.3 fertilization. The plant grows vigorously and has many leaves and flowers, whether it is vegetative growth or flowering stage, it needs to apply a certain amount of fertilizer regularly. Before planting, basal fertilizer was applied, diammonium phosphate was applied for 30 kg per mu, and mature farm manure was applied with 1500kg per mu. The N, P, K compound fertilizer was applied once in the new shoot growth period, flowering stage and before defoliation, and 30kg was applied per mu. 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution could be sprayed before the plant growth boom, foliar fertilization was carried out to promote branch and leaf growth.

1.6 pruning

The royal family Begonia is an ornamental begonia, especially the foliage. Pruning the plant before germination in spring, on the basis of shaping, keep as many branches as possible, cut short properly, can not be re-cut, cut off disease and insect branches, dry and withered branches, drooping branches, bore branches, parallel branches and so on. Special greening seedlings, such as flower hedges or color blocks, should be used to control plant height and promote new branches and leaves.

1.7 Disease and pest control

1.7.1 disease. It is mainly black spot, the symptom of which is the dark brown oval spot on the leaf, which bears the conidia of deep black mildew, which seriously affects the normal photosynthesis and respiration of the leaf. In serious cases, the color of the leaf becomes lighter, causing the leaf to dry up and die, seriously affecting the plant growth. Prevention and control methods:

1) strengthen field management, prune and prune in time, remove diseased branches and leaves, and burn them centrally. 2) spraying 60% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 / 1000 times or 55% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times 700 times in time during the rainy season, the two agents were sprayed alternately, twice in a row, once in 10 days.

1.7.2 insect pests. It is mainly the yellow diamondback moth, which harms the leaves of the plant, leading to the weakening of the plant growth, the withering of the leaves, the withering of branches, and the serious death of the plant. Prevention and control methods:

1) make use of its phototaxis at night, trap and kill with arc lamp. 2) during the dormant period, the cocoons were removed manually and burned centrally. 3) in the event of insect pests, spray 55% prednisone emulsion 600 times, or 35% wettable carbaryl powder 400 times 600 times, or 70% crystal trichlorfon 1 200-1500 times. 4) to use its natural enemies for biological control, it is necessary to protect and utilize their natural enemies, such as Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera litura and so on.

The above is about the breeding and pest control and cultivation techniques of begonia. If you want to plant begonia well, you need to strengthen field management and pest control.