Production and maintenance management skills of five-needle pine bonsai

Five-needle pine, alias five-hairy pine, five-pointed pine, evergreen tree. The young bark is grayish and smooth; it is orange-brown and scaly in old age; the needles are thin, short and dense, with five needles in a bunch. April-May flowering, five-needle pine can also do bonsai, put indoors to play a certain role in decoration. Next, let's take a look at the potted production technology of five-needle pine.

1. Material selection of five-needle pine bonsai

The introduction and cultivation of Pinus elliottii in China is mostly propagated by grafting because of less fruiting, poor development and low germination rate of seeds. Five-needle pine generally takes 2-3-year-old seedlings or old stakes of black pine as rootstock, selects 1-year-old branches of 5-needle pine with a length of about 8 cm and 10 cm, cuts off the lower needles, and connects them to the root neck of the rootstock by cutting or ventral grafting in early spring. After joining, fill the soil to the grafting place, put it in the indoor maintenance, move to the outdoor shady place in March to April, and need to be watered in case of drought. When the scion heals and sends out new buds, the first branches and leaves of the rootstock can be cut off, and then with the scion sprouting and growing, the rootstock above the scion will be cut off several times and become a five-needle pine plant. The bud grafting method can also be used to select the bud head of five-needle pine which is more than 2 cm long as scion, which is spliced on the top bud of black pine from March to April, and shaded by the needles on the shoot of rootstock to protect it. After receiving the work, the five-needle pine can be cultivated into a better five-needle pine bonsai in a short time, old piles and new branches, graceful posture. The survival rate of bud grafting is high and the growth is fast, but attention should be paid to removing the binding material in time.

two。 The upper basin of five-needle pine bonsai

① soil: five-needle pine is most suitable for loose, fertile and acidic sandy loam, mountain land or rotten leaf soil. The family composting culture soil should be mixed with 20%-30% sand and 1-2 portions of rotten cake fertilizer, so that the fertilizer and soil are mixed, with sufficient nutrients, good air permeability and water permeability, which is beneficial to the root development, strong branches and luxuriant leaves of five-needle pine. According to the proportion of basin soil, 3 parts of rotten leaf soil, 5 parts of garden soil, 1 part of compost and 1 part of sandy soil were mixed into nutrient soil. Generally, the basin should be changed every 2 to 3 years, and the time should be from February to March or from September to October.

② selection basin: five-needle pine posture is elegant, green leaves are green, it is suitable to use purple sand pottery basin with quaint appearance and deep color. The cliff type uses a medium-deep round basin or square basin; the straight and oblique type uses a rectangular basin or oval basin; the co-planting type uses a shallower rectangular basin; the curved dry type uses a slightly deeper Ma abomination basin; the root type uses a shallower round basin whose size depends on the tree shape.

③ planting: the pot planting of five-needle pine is better before sprouting from February to March in spring. When putting on the basin, trim the injured and rotten roots, cut short the thick roots, and apply wax on the cut to prevent the outflow of turpentine. The basin bottom is emptied with coarse sand or charcoal shavings to facilitate drainage. The shallow basin only needs to be covered with plastic sand net. The planting location depends on the shape of the tree. When planting, the pot soil should be slightly dry, the filling should be loose and moderate, shake the basin, and be careful to grasp the soil. After planting, the potted soil is covered with moss, then watered thoroughly, placed in a semi-shaded place, and then moved to a sunny place after the growth is restored.

3. The modeling of five-needle pine bonsai

The characteristics of the growth and development of five-needle pine: the branches naturally form layers with distinct layers and clear lines; they grow slowly and there are no adventitious buds germinating on the branches, so they are not resistant to pruning; coarse branches are not easy to buckle, and climbing modeling must start at an early age. Therefore, the five-needle pine modeling, should be based on hanging, combined with pruning, as a basic method.

① climbing: climbing is the main means of five-needle pine modeling, using metal wire or brown wire for climbing, so that the main branches into the desired shape. The secondary branches are slightly clambered to reach the desired direction and angle, and then processed year by year to make the trunk curved and the branches and leaves into pieces, such as the potential of stratospheric clouds. It is better to start climbing at the age of 3 ~ 4 years old, and the climbing with a trace of gold should be removed in time after being finalized, so as not to "trap the silk", affect the appearance and cause damage.

② pruning: five-needle pine branches are whorled and cannot grow into a beautiful tree without pruning. There are at most two main branches in each round of the trunk, and the two main branches in the same round should be long and short, and should not be balanced and equal in length. The main branches of each five-needle pine should not be too many, and the redundant branches should be deleted and trimmed simply, as an example of small and medium-sized pots, only 5-7 main branches should be left to form the backbone, reaching the degree of concise condensation. At the same time, the growth direction of the main branch should be adjusted and the stretching posture of the main branch should be corrected so that all branches can be handled in a unified and coordinated manner. The formed five-needle pine should also be pruned once a year to remove dense branches, weak branches, withered branches and various branches that disturb the tree.

4. Maintenance skills of five-needle pine pot

(1) watering too frequently, or more Rain Water in June every year, the basin soil is often too wet, coupled with poor drainage and stagnant water in the basin, causing anoxia in the soil, causing rotten roots and yellowing needles.

(2) in the hot summer, the rapid evaporation of water and insufficient watering will cause the needles to scorch. If the hot sun exposure, the basin soil is too dry, the five-needle pine will also appear top needle tip scorched, if continue to lack of water, the plant will eventually die.

(3) the five-needle pine has been put indoors for a long time, and the light and air are insufficient, which violates the habit that the five-needle pine should receive light outdoors, or suddenly move to the outdoor to encounter exposure, the same will happen. In order to avoid the withering and yellowing of five-needle pine leaves, corresponding prevention and rescue measures should be taken according to the above reasons.

The above is the pot technology of five-needle pine. Five-needle pine pot pruning period is appropriate when the five-needle pine rest period is coming to an end, do not prune in the growing season, so as to avoid the cut overflow resin.

Production and maintenance of five-needle pine bonsai, also known as Japanese five-needle pine, pine family evergreen trees. The bark is scaly and cracked, showing a simple and vigorous posture. The needles are thin and short, with five needles in clusters, the leaf surface has white stomatal lines, and the leaf sheath is caducous. The branches and leaves are compact and can be molded into flakes, just like the potential of layer clouds, which is a precious tree species for bonsai trees. The cultivated variety has short leaf five-needle pine, its tree shape is short, the leaves are dense and very short, it is only as long as the leaves of this species, and its white stomatal lines are obvious, so it is more suitable for making bonsai. Five-needle pine is native to Japan and is cultivated in various cities in the Yangtze River Basin in China, as well as in Beijing, Qingdao and other places. It is suitable for growing in slightly acidic soil or gray yellow soil with deep moist soil and good drainage, while alkaline soil and sandy soil are not suitable for growth. Avoid dampness and fear the heat. First, the production of bonsai (1) the introduction and cultivation of Pinus elliottii in China, because of less fruiting, poor development and low seed germination rate, so the grafting method is mostly used to propagate. Generally, the 2-and 3-year-old seedlings or old stakes of Pinus elliottii are used as rootstocks, and the 1-and 2-year-old branches of Pinus elliottii are selected as scions, which are about 8 cm in length. The lower needles are cut off and grafted on the root neck of the rootstock by cutting or ventral grafting in early spring. After the joint, the soil is obstructed to the grafting place, put in the indoor maintenance, and moved to the outdoor shady place from March to April. It needs to be watered in case of drought. When the scion heals and sends out new buds, the first branches and leaves of the rootstock can be cut off, and then with the scion sprouting and growing, the rootstock above the scion will be cut off several times and become a five-needle pine plant. The bud grafting method can also be used to select the bud head of five-needle pine which is more than 2 cm long as scion, which is spliced on the top bud of black pine from March to April, and shaded by the needles on the shoot of rootstock to protect it. After receiving the work, the five-needle pine can be cultivated into a better five-needle pine bonsai in a short time, old piles and new branches, graceful posture. The survival rate of bud grafting is high and the growth is fast, but attention should be paid to removing the binding material in time. (2) the upper basin ① selection basin: the five-needle pine posture is elegant and elegant, the green leaves are green and green, it is suitable to use the purple sand pottery basin with quaint appearance and deep color. The cliff type uses a medium-deep round basin or square basin; the straight and oblique type uses a rectangular basin or oval basin; the co-planting type uses a shallower rectangular basin; the curved dry type uses a slightly deeper Ma abomination basin; the root type uses a shallower round basin whose size depends on the tree shape. ② soil: five-needle pine is most suitable for loose, fertile and acidic sandy loam, mountain land or rotten leaf soil. The family composting culture soil should be mixed with 20%-30% sand and 1-2 portions of rotten cake fertilizer, so that the fertilizer and soil are mixed, with sufficient nutrients, good air permeability and water permeability, which is beneficial to the root development, strong branches and luxuriant leaves of five-needle pine. ③ planting: the pot planting of five-needle pine is better before sprouting from February to March in spring. When putting on the basin, trim the injured and rotten roots, cut short the thick roots, and apply wax on the cut to prevent the outflow of turpentine. The basin bottom is emptied with coarse sand or charcoal shavings to facilitate drainage. The shallow basin only needs to be covered with plastic sand net. The planting location depends on the shape of the tree. When planting, the pot soil should be slightly dry, the filling should be loose and moderate, shake the basin, and be careful to grasp the soil. After planting, the potted soil is covered with moss, then watered thoroughly, placed in a semi-shaded place, and then moved to a sunny place after the growth is restored. (3) the characteristics of the growth and development of the styled five-needle pine: the branches naturally form layers, with clear layers and clear lines; they grow slowly, and there are no adventitious buds germinating on the branches, so they are not resistant to pruning; the coarse branches are not easy to buckle, and the climbing modeling must start from the young age. Therefore, the five-needle pine modeling, should be based on hanging, combined with pruning, as a basic method. ① climbing: climbing is the main means of five-needle pine modeling, using metal wire or brown wire for climbing, so that the main branches into the desired shape. The secondary branches are slightly clambered to reach the desired direction and angle, and then processed year by year to make the trunk curved and the branches and leaves into pieces, such as the potential of stratospheric clouds. It is better to start climbing at the age of 3 ~ 4 years old, and the climbing with a trace of gold should be removed in time after being finalized, so as not to "trap the silk", affect the appearance and cause damage. ② pruning: five-needle pine branches are whorled and cannot grow into a beautiful tree without pruning. There are at most two main branches in each round of the tree trunk, and the two main branches in the same round should be long and short, and should not be balanced and equal in length. The main branches of each five-needle pine should not be too many, and the redundant branches should be deleted and trimmed simply. Take the small and medium-sized bonsai as an example, only 5-7 main branches are left to form the backbone, reaching the degree of concise condensation. At the same time, the growth direction of the main branch should be adjusted and the stretching posture of the main branch should be corrected so that all branches can be handled in a unified and coordinated manner. The formed five-needle pine should also be pruned once a year to remove dense branches, weak branches, withered branches and various branches that disturb the tree. The pruning period should be at the end of the five-needle pine rest period, not in the growing season, so as not to overflow the resin. The trunk of the five-needle pine is mainly unique, but there may also be a double-dry book or a multi-dry book; at this time, it is necessary to choose the tall one as the trunk, the short one as the deputy trunk, and the two trunks to have one Weir and one back, cordial and coordinated; if one book is more dry, it will be uneven and scattered forward and backward. Five-needle pine not only has the typical morphological characteristics of pine, but also has great plasticity. Through pruning and controlling its growth, it can achieve the effect of seeing the big in the small. The modeling should focus on the artistic image which is full of vitality, quaint and picturesque. Second, maintenance management if the maintenance management is proper, the five-needle pine has decades or even a hundred years of old pile scenery, which is of more ornamental value. Day-to-day management mainly has the following aspects. (1) watering five-needle pine roots avoid wet water, the basin soil should be dry, but not enough water for a long time, so watering should be appropriate, not more watering, and frequent spraying of foliar water is beneficial to growth. If the basin soil is too wet, the light needles yellowing, the heavy rotten roots die. Plum rain season, open rain, basin soil waterlogging, for a long time, often lead to death. Watering how much to master the following factors: hot weather and long drought, to appropriate more watering, summer watering once a day, autumn basin soil should not be too dry, otherwise the needles are easy to yellowing. It should be irrigated properly during the peak growth period and when the twigs germinate. It is advisable to water less during the dormant period and even less in winter, once every 3-4 days. Shallow pots are watered more, deep pots are less watered. In order to shorten the branches and leaves to a certain extent and make the shape more beautiful, the water can be properly controlled in spring and summer. If the needles are soft and sagging, indicating the lack of water, the treatment is to irrigate the bottom water less, spray more water on the leaf surface, and move to the shade to restore growth. (2) fertilization of five-needle pine bonsai should be less, in the case of lack of fertilizer and water control, it can grow into an old posture. Light fertilizer should be applied in fertilization, and cake fertilizer is the best. The time should be after autumn and before sprouting, and fertilization should be avoided in the first season. If more fertilizer or thick fertilizer is applied, it is easy to damage the root system. The application of base fertilizer in winter has the effect of preventing cold. Topdressing is applied before sprouting in spring, mainly potassium and phosphorus, which is beneficial to strong root stem. (3) pruning of five-needle pine is mainly to pick buds, which can control growth, keep the tree shape beautiful, and promote dense branches and leaves. Generally, between March and April every year, before the new buds elongate and become needles, you can drop one of the buds that are too dense and pick more buds. If the terminal buds are too dense, you can pick more buds. Otherwise, you can pick less buds. Picking buds should be carried out on a sunny day, and the fracture is easy to heal. In addition, pruning should be considered according to the needs of wood shape, and the extra branches that affect the shape of the tree can be cut off. The pruning of five-needle pine branches should be carried out after autumn. Pruning in spring and summer is easy to cause resin loss and affect growth. In order to prevent wound fat flow, wax should be used to seal in time. (4) the general pine bonsai should be turned once every 4 or 5 years, and it is appropriate to turn the basin in late autumn or early spring. When turning the basin, you can remove the soil of 1 stroke 3, and be careful not to break up the mud ball at the root. Combined with a pot can remove rotten roots, cut too long whisker roots, pot planting to add culture soil, according to the technical requirements. (5) Control of diseases and insect pests the main diseases of five-needle pine include rust, root rot and coal pollution, which can be controlled by spraying Yuduo liquid twice in winter. Insect pests include shell insects, red spiders, aphids and so on, which can be caught manually or controlled by pesticides. At the same time, we should pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, basin soil should not be too wet, in order to facilitate the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Third, ornamental five-needle pine bonsai is a common ornamental tree species cultivated in the family, with graceful trees, vigorous branches, short leaf needles and green green in the four seasons. In the growing season should be placed on the balcony or courtyard slope, summer should be appropriate shade, winter in indoor viewing. If kept indoors for a long time, it will lead to diseases due to lack of light and poor ventilation. The ornamental value of five-needle pine increases with the time of cultivation. Due to different materials, it can be modeled as direct dry type, curved dry type, horizontal dry type, cliff type, root type and other ornamental forms. How to make five-needle pine bonsai maintenance skills

The needles of five-needle pine are short, compact and beautiful, which is very suitable for making bonsai and raising them indoors. But in order to maintain its graceful posture, we also need to do some maintenance to the five-needle pine bonsai in our daily life. Next, I will tell you about the production method of five-needle pine bonsai and the maintenance skills of five-needle pine bonsai.

How to make five-needle pine bonsai

1. Selection of basin

Five-needle pine bonsai production should first choose a good basin, five-needle pine posture quaint, verdant green leaves of the four seasons, it is appropriate to choose the purple sand pottery basin with simple shape and deep color. Large five-needle pine bonsai, you can also use alum, marble and other stone basins, but should pay attention to the bottom hole filling sand, in order to facilitate water penetration.

2. Soil selection

Five-needle pine basin soil should be loose, fertile slightly acidic sandy loam, mountain mud or rotten leaf soil is better, mixed with 40% sandy soil, a small amount of bone powder, sufficient nutrients, good water and air permeability, which is conducive to the growth and development of the root system.

3. Upper basin

The planting of five-needle pine is the most suitable before germination from February to March, which is beneficial to the germination of new roots. You can plant it after autumn. It is best to bring mud balls when transplanting, which is conducive to survival. When going up the basin, you should pay attention to pruning the injured and rotten roots, cut short the coarse roots that affect the basin, and apply wax or paint on the cut to avoid turpentine outflow. The bottom of the basin should be filled with several pieces of broken tiles or charcoal, especially the thousand-cylinder basin and deep basin, so as to facilitate air permeability and water penetration.

Maintenance skills of five-needle pine bonsai

1. Moderate lighting

The five-needle pine is a neutral plant, which can grow in sunny or shady places, but when maintained in sunny and well-ventilated places, the needles grow green and strong; in places with insufficient light and heat, needles grow thin and easy to turn yellow. It is best to give five needles pine more than 5-6 hours of light every day, and maintain good ventilation conditions. But in the midsummer hot noon, in order to prevent the needles from getting too much sun caused by scorched leaves, shading and other measures can be taken, other times can allow them to fully accept the sun.

2. Control watering

Five-needle pine bonsai watering should pay attention to moderate, flower proverb "dry pine and wet cypress", indicating that five-needle pine should be dry. The summer temperature is high, and the basin soil is easy to dry. Generally, the basin soil is watered once in the morning and once in the morning, and in the evening it depends on the dry and wet condition of the basin soil. In case of showers, it is necessary to cover the rain in time to avoid the loss of nutrients in the soil.

3. Regular fertilization

Fertilization is the key to raising five-needle pine, which can be combined with watering. The weather is hot from July to August, so 10% thin fertilizer and water should be applied once every half month. In addition, we should pay attention to the five-needle pine shade after fertilization, do not let the sun exposure.

4. Not suitable for plastic surgery

For the modeled five-needle pine bonsai, in order to maintain its inherent styling posture, it needs to be reshaped and trimmed every year. However, the pruning of five-needle pine should be carried out in its winter dormancy period, and must not be trimmed in the midsummer season, otherwise a large amount of pine resin will flow out of the wound, affecting the growth of five-needle pine.

5. Disease control

The main diseases of Pinus elliottii are rust, root rot, coal pollution and so on, which can be controlled by spraying Yuduo liquid twice in winter. Insect pests include shell insects, red spiders, aphids and so on, which can be caught manually or controlled by pesticides. At the same time, attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission, and the basin soil should not be too wet in order to control diseases and insect pests; the cultivation of five-needle pine, such as improper maintenance, is vulnerable to diseases and insect pests such as leaf blight, pine larch, pine tip borer, shell insects and so on. If leaf blight and pine leaf drop disease are found, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800x solution should be sprayed. When pine tip borer, scale insects harm tip tips and feeding needles are found, 1000 times dichlorvos EC can be used to control them.