How to plant bergamot pepper in pots? Pot maintenance Technology of bergamot Pepper

The leaves of bergamot are verdant and evergreen all the year round. The fruit of bergamot is golden in color, rich in aroma, strangely hand-like in shape and interesting in a variety of ways. Bergamot not only has high ornamental value, but also has precious medicinal value and economic value. At the same time, bergamot pepper can also be used as a potted plant. Let's take a look at the potted cultivation techniques of bergamot pepper.

1. Pot maintenance technology of bergamot

1. Seed selection preparation work

The main results are as follows: (1) the excellent varieties which are cold-tolerant, drought-resistant and suitable for pot cultivation are selected. Domestic sales can focus on the development of "Nanjing species", export can choose "races".

(2) put on the basin in time.

two。 Reasonable shaping and pruning

The golden bergamot tree mainly adopts natural happy shaping. There are mainly two kinds of pruning of fruit trees: spring pruning and summer pruning. Spring shears are usually carried out before sprouting in spring. Summer pruning generally refers to the pruning of the growing season, mainly cutting off withered branches, cross branches, overgrown branches and disease and insect branches, and should do a good job of coring and sprouting in time. Old tree pruning according to different cultivation conditions, the use of short cutting, thinning, branch pulling and other measures to achieve the purpose of renewal.

3. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water

(1) Scientific use of fertilizer

The N fertilizer was mainly applied in the young or vegetative growth stage, and P and K fertilizer was mainly applied in the flowering and fruiting stage. Generally divided into base fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit expansion fertilizer, no matter what kind of fertilizer should avoid thick fertilizer, unrotten fertilizer and heavy fertilizer, but should abide by the principle of "frequent application of thin fertilizer". And mainly to apply organic fertilizer, appropriate amount to increase the application of micro-fertilizer.

(2) rational use of water

Watering should not be dry or watered, that is, it should be thoroughly watered, and it should be dry and wet. Watering should be carried out in the morning and evening in summer and autumn, and after 9 am in winter and spring. In the rainy season, tilt the basin so that there is no stagnant water in the basin.

4. Do a good job of thinning flowers and fruits

Flower thinning should leave large flowers and leafy flowers at the tip of the fruiting mother branch, and remove unisexual flowers and thin flowers. The degree of flower thinning depends on the strength of the tree and the number of flowers. In general, medium-flowered trees and multi-flowered trees should remove 50% of the total flowers and 60% of the total flowers. Fruit thinning should be carried out in stages, leaving 1 fruit for about 40 leaves. Adult trees should keep more fruit in the middle and upper part of the crown and less fruit in the lower part of the crown.

5. Pay attention to the control of diseases and insect pests

Diseases have been found to be bergamot anthracnose, canker, scab and so on, which can be controlled with 50% carbendazim 800 times or 70% methyl topiramate 800-1000 times. Bordeaux solution can also be used for prevention and control, using 0.8% lime equivalent before germination and 0.3%-0.5% lime double concentration during the growth period. The main pests are leaf miner and red spider, which can be controlled by omethoate, methamidophos and paracetamol pesticides. In addition, there are butterflies, shell insects, beetles and other pests, which can be sprayed with pesticides such as 1000 times of isocarbophos or 1000 times of dichlorvos.

6. Pay attention to safe overwintering

Whether it can survive the winter safely will directly affect the growth and development of young trees and the flowering and fruiting of mature trees. At present, plastic greenhouses are widely used in Jinhua and other places to survive the winter, and it is better to move the bergamot basin to the greenhouse before the middle and last ten days of November.

Second, potted bergamot pepper, editor, I have the following experience:

1. The cultivated soil should be fertile, especially with a good base fertilizer and permeable water and air. The culture soil is composed of two parts, and the lower part is made of sun-dried pigeon dung mixed with coarse peat soil as base fertilizer, which is loaded into the basin. The upper part is made of chaff ash, pastoral soil, yellow sand and a small amount of granular compound fertilizer. One strong seedling of bergamot pepper can be planted in each pot.

two。 Flowerpots need to use large pots about 25 centimeters in diameter to meet the requirements of moisturizing and fertilizing.

3. The light should be sufficient, turn the basin at the right time, and there is no need to pick the heart. The plant can be short, strong and plump.

4. Usually pour with vegetable washing water, Amoy rice water, keep the basin soil moist. Spray 3% every 7 days from the time of flowering. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution not only promotes flowering and fruit hanging, but also helps to clean foliar dust. But I would like to remind you that usually fertilizing or watering, or watering the roots, especially when flowering, do not spray on the flowers. In a stormy day. Move the flowerpot to shelter from the wind and rain so that the plant will not be torn or deformed.

The above is the potted technology of bergamot pepper. When planting bergamot, we should choose excellent varieties that are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and suitable for potted plants. at the same time, we should reshape and fertilize on time. Only in this way can good bergamot grow.

Pot small fruit bergamot maintenance technology pruning: timely sprouting and heart-picking, mainly manual pruning, supplemented by chemical bud control, fully understand the relationship between growth and development, flowering and fruit hanging of potted bergamot. By cutting off cross, overlapping, over-dense, delicate and disease and insect branches, the fruit branches can meet the requirements of uniform distribution, short and thick, hollow inner chamber, good ventilation and so on. It shows the delicate and small size of potted golden bergamot. The spring shoots extracted in March every year can be cut off in time, except for those who are left to fill the air and raise the neighboring fruit branches. When the summer temperature is high, the humidity is high, and the nutrition is sufficient, the plant will produce a large number of branches with slender internodes, unsubstantial tissue and no buds. Summer shoots sprout after "Grain Rain" leaves the house, because they are easy to compete with spring fruits for nutrients, and affect the growth and development of autumn shoots. Except for individual modeling and upbringing skills, the rest should be all thinned, cutting off more than 5 leaves without flowering branches, transverse branches, tufted buds, diseases and insect branches at the cutting mouth, so that nutrients can meet the needs of flower and fruit growth. For some branches or trees that have not borne fruit for many years, a strong pruning should be carried out, leaving 3 to 4 bud holes at the base of the branches to promote the germination of new branches and bear fruit. The autumn shoot is nutritious, the growth is stout, the Internode is short, and the tissue is abundant; the leaves on the shoot are small and thick, strong and dark green, which are the basis for flowering and fruit setting in the following year. Except for cutting off the growing thin and weak branches and over-dense branches, they are generally not cut, and should basically be kept as the fruiting mother branches of next year. Therefore, the maintenance of autumn shoots should be strengthened, which is the key for bergamot to blossom and hang fruit more. Fertilization: the key technology of raising bergamot is rational fertilization. After the young bergamot goes into the basin in spring, if the basin soil is made of nutritious soil with high fertility, it can no longer be fertilized in the same year. If bergamot is cultivated in the substrate, about 25 imported compound fertilizers will be put immediately after planting and watering, and then the compound fertilizer will be applied once every 15 days. The fertilizer can be evenly scattered on the surface of the substrate and will infiltrate into the substrate with drip irrigation or watering. The mature organic fertilizer was applied again in the middle and late August. At the beginning of the third year, fertilization can be managed according to routine management. General Grain Rain before and after going out of the room, combined with turning the basin to apply sufficient base fertilizer, fertilizer to rotten cake residue, plus a small amount of bone powder. After slowing the seedling, put it outside in the leeward to the sun, apply thin cake fertilizer and water every 10 to 15 days, and stop applying it after budding. Spray the foliar surface with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during pregnancy. After fruit setting, thin chicken and duck manure water or cake fertilizer water was applied every 10 days or so for two or three times. In order to prevent yellowing, 0.2% ferrous sulfate should be irrigated every 15 to 20 days to keep the soil slightly acidic. In the spring of the second year, rotten acquaintance feces and urine, cake fertilizer and water were applied every 15 to 20 days for two or three times in a row. Watering: after transplanting, the pot must be watered and watered thoroughly, so that the root system of the seedling is closely bonded with the substrate. As the matrix is light and buoyant, we should pay attention to it when watering, spray it with a spray can, and do not splash it, otherwise it will wash the matrix out of the basin or the surface of the matrix out of the pothole. At the same time, it is necessary to keep the basin soil moist during the growth period, and it is better to keep more than half of the soil moisture. Summer watering should be adequate, and branches and leaves should be often sprayed and sprinkled on the ground around flowerpots to cool and humidify. The rainy season should be on the dry side to prevent overgrowth. Watering at the initial stage of fruit setting should be properly controlled to avoid excessive fruit drop. Watering should be reduced gradually after the beginning of autumn. Frosts Descent moved into the room in front of the north, put it in a sunny place, keep the room temperature above 5 ℃, control watering, and water once every 7 to 10 days. Spray and wash the branches and leaves with water close to room temperature once a week to prevent the leaves from being stained with dust and causing fallen leaves. If there are conditions, drip irrigation system can be installed, the cost is not too high, can greatly reduce the labor intensity. Watering time can be carried out according to experience, feel that the soilless substrate is 80% dry, bergamot pot weight has been light, at this time can be watered. Soilless culture substrate has strong water retention and air permeability, so too much water will not do much harm. There are many Rain Water in summer, the harm of small snails and wild slugs is more serious, the light ones bite the new leaves and old leaves out of the pit, and the serious ones hurt the bergamot fruit, which greatly affects the merchandise of bergamot. To this end, deep ditches can be opened around the greenhouse to prevent stagnant water, improve the dryness of the ground in the shed, and build the first line of defense. Second, spread hydrated lime around, build a second line of defense, disinfect and touch them. Third, manual capture, strangling or throwing in hydrated lime, or trapping with vegetable leaves, trapping cabbage or cabbage leaves in the seedbed in the evening, and inspecting and killing in the early morning. At the initial stage of the damage, 6% Mida granules (250g per mu) were applied from March to April, or tea withered liquid was sprinkled on the soil ridges around the seedbed for contact killing (tea withered powder 1 kg to water 10kg boiled for half an hour, kneaded and sifted, and then mixed well with water 60kg). It can also be sprayed near the plant with 70 to 100 times ammonia at night, or sprayed with vermiculent 800 to 1000 times. Control snails can also use 8% Miaoling granules or 10% polyacetaldehyde granules, 1.5 grams per square meter. Potted technique of bergamot

Bergamot is a variety of citron, belonging to citrus fruit flowers. It is quite common that bergamot does not blossom or only blossom but does not bear fruit. The following editor will introduce the techniques of potted bergamot.

Potted technique of bergamot

The main results are as follows: 1. Promote the vegetative growth of seedlings and make them mature as soon as possible. In the second and third spring, when changing the basin, cake fertilizer, hoof slices and bone powder were applied as base fertilizer, and at the same time, a shaping and pruning was carried out to cut the trunk and leave 15cm, leaving 3 or 5 axillary buds below to promote the germination of strong branches and expand the crown. When the new plant grows slightly to 5~8cm, the apical bud and lateral bud are removed to form a certain tree shape and promote it to enter the fruiting stage ahead of time.

2. Bergamot likes acidic soil, and the PH value should be kept at 5.3; the ratio of basin soil is 60% of humus soil, 30% of river sand, 10% of peat soil or furnace ash. Thin fertilizer and water can be applied every ten days and a half month. The water is big and the root is easy to rot, so we should try the method of moisture watering. The surface of the basin soil is not dry and not watered at a time, so it is the case all year round.

3. The most suitable humidity for bergamot is 70%-90%. For this reason, you should spray water to the leaves once or twice a day in the dry season, or you can sprinkle water to the ground to increase air humidity. The suitable growing temperature of bergamot is 15-30 ℃. Move to a cool, ventilated and shady place in hot season, and keep out cold when the temperature is below 5 ℃.

4. Bergamot is not easy to set fruit, so we should use various ways to promote it. Organic fertilizer should be applied in bud, before and after flowering, and thin organic liquid fertilizer should be applied once a week. Then thinning buds, abnormal buds, sick weak buds must be broken, can not leave too many buds, can only stay near the top of the branch growing the best two or three buds, can not ask to set too much fruit.

5. Bergamot is prone to yellow leaf disease and leaf shedding, which can be irrigated with 1% ferrous sulfate solution. If the rotten root should be turned over immediately, the plant should be removed from the basin to wash the root, get rid of the rotten root, and be planted in sterilized plain sandy soil for maintenance so as to gradually restore its vitality.

How does bergamot treat diseases with leaves?

If potted flowers are not properly managed, their leaves will turn yellow, scorch and curl. The change of the blade can be used as the basis for analyzing the problems existing in the maintenance work, and corresponding measures can be taken accordingly.

1. The young leaves turn yellow, or the lower leaves curl and wither, and the continuous loss of leaves is generally caused by too much watering. Watering potted flowers should be "dry and wet". If there is stagnant water in the flowerpot, the time should not exceed half an hour, otherwise the health of the root system will be affected. Sometimes, the young leaves of potted flowers turn yellow because of the lack of certain nutrients. Although the leaves turn yellow, the veins are still green, which is caused by iron deficiency. At this time, you can apply some ferrous sulfate with 3 parts of silty soil and 1 part of rotten nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer sold in the market, and the effect is also acceptable.

2. The old leaves turn yellow and the new leaves grow very small. this is due to the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the basin soil. You can apply some mature organic fertilizer or commercial flower fertilizer tablets to supplement nutrients. Young leaf tip scorch should be checked to see if the potted soil is too dry, or the light is too strong, and the temperature is too high to burn the plant.

3. The center atrophy of new shoots, yellowish young leaves and dark yellow old leaves are mostly caused by stagnant water and hypoxia of basin soil and root rot, so we should loosen the soil and stop fertilizer and control water immediately. If the color of the new leaves is normal, and the lower leaves gradually dry yellow and fall off or scorch upward, it is lack of water.

4. Scorch at the edge of leaves is often caused by too much fertilization and improper watering. The basin soil can be washed with clean water many times to make the fertilizer dissolved in the water flow out of the drain hole.

5. The edges of the leaves curl, wrinkle and turn brown, which is mostly caused by excessive dryness of indoor air, so the leaves should be sprayed with water similar to room temperature, or the flowerpot should be placed in another larger pot with wet grass ash or wet old cloth between the two pots, so that there is a humid microclimate around the potted flowers.