How to raise Phalaenopsis? Detailed explanation of Flower Facility cultivation techniques of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis has well-developed roots, thick and short stems, mostly evergreen. Flowering period is long, a flower can bloom for 2-4 weeks, a flower can bloom for several months, there are white flowers, white flowers, red tongue, pink flowers, etc., known as the "orchid queen" laudatory name. Let's learn about the flower cultivation techniques of Phalaenopsis with the editor of Huinong Network.

1. Cultivation techniques of Phalaenopsis.

1. Temperature

Phalaenopsis grows at a temperature of 2732 ℃ in daytime and 1825 ℃ at night, preferring high relative humidity and high shading. The ambient temperature should not be lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 32 ℃. The suitable growth temperature is 25-30 ℃. In the low temperature flowering stage, the temperature was maintained at 16: 22 ℃, and in the flowering stage, the temperature was maintained at 18: 22 ℃. After 6 weeks of flowering, the temperature can increase slightly, but if the temperature of the treatment is too high or not enough light, the pedicel will increase, the number of branches will decrease, and the number of flowers will decrease.

two。 Light

Light is the key to the cultivation of Phalaenopsis. During the growth period, there should be enough light to promote the development of leaves and roots. However, too much light can also lead to leaf burning, lack of light will lead to poor plant growth, scattered distribution of leaves, poor development of pedicels and underdeveloped roots, and the best way to use sunshade net is double-layer movable net. The shading rate of one layer is 70%, and that of the other layer is 50%. Use the activity net to avoid extreme sunshine on a sunny day or at noon, and avoid direct glare. It usually shades 30% or 50% of the light in winter.

The recommended light exposure is listed as follows: (1) Carthamus tinctorius varieties: ① growth period: 30001000LuxL in small seedling stage; 60001000Luxin middle seedling stage; 100001000LuxL in big seedling stage; ② low temperature flowering: 1500000Lux. ③ completed flowering: 20000~25000Lux. (2) White flower varieties: ① growth stage: 4 000 × 8 000 Luxu in small seedling stage, 8 000 × 15 000 Luxu in middle seedling stage, low temperature induced flowering by 15000~25000Lux ② in large seedling stage: 20 000 × 25 000 Luxu, ③ completed flowering: 20000~30000Lux. (3) small and medium-sized flower varieties: ① growth period: 3000 × 5000 Luxu in small seedling stage; 5000 × 10000 Luxu in middle seedling stage; 10000 × 15000 Luxu in large seedling stage; ② low temperature promoting flowering: 10000 × 15000 Luxu; ③ completed flowering: 15000~20000Lux

In areas where the distribution of sunlight is more uniform (the amount of sunlight is less affected by the season), and when the light can be scattered, the amount of sunlight can be increased by 20%, but at high sunshine, a higher relative humidity should be maintained.

3. Relative humidity. The growth of Phalaenopsis requires higher air humidity. However, in an over-wet environment, high temperature and high humidity are often accompanied by diseases. The most suitable humidity range is 60%~85%RH. Generally lower than 40%RH for a long time, leaves lose luster, higher than 90%RH will lead to the increase of diseases and insect pests. The applicable equipment system includes adding fog particles with high-pressure spraying equipment above the greenhouse, sprinkling water under the basin, using water walls and fans, etc. However, to avoid causing crop moisture, when crops grow in a high relative humidity environment, daytime temperature and sunshine can be increased to maintain a constant temperature inside the greenhouse and maintain a good air circulation. Therefore, the height of greenhouse had better be 0.66 × 1m higher than that of plants.

4. Fertilizer and moisture. The growth needs of orchid seedlings are different at different stages, and the fertilizer elements required are also different. Like all flowering plants, the composition of fertilizer varies with the growth stage, mainly nitrogen fertilizer for small seedlings and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for large seedlings. NPK compound fertilizer can be used to fertilize Phalaenopsis. The application of fertilizer varies from variety to variety. The range of pH (acidity and alkalinity) is 5.5 to 6.5 and the range of 0.4~1.2mS/cm EC (salt content). If the nitrogen fertilizer is too high, it will lead to excessive growth of leaves. If the EC value is too high, the root will die. It is generally applied once every 10 days and irrigated once or twice a month to wash off excess salt. It is advisable to water it until it is moist and avoid long-term dampness. When watering in winter, the water temperature should be set to 18: 22 ℃ so as not to freeze the roots.

Phalaenopsis is grown in water plants and is usually irrigated from the top. The irrigation water should not be polluted and the concentration of sodium and chloride ions in the water should not exceed 100mg/L. The concentration of bicarbonate should not be excessive. If the quality of the water source is poor, reverse osmosis must be used to treat the water.

5. Air. The growth environment of Phalaenopsis requires fresh air circulation, and the closed environment is disadvantageous to growth, especially in winter, when the air in the shed is polluted, it will lead to large area buds, withered flowers and so on. In general, a small fan is used to circulate indoor air in cultivation and is often ventilated.

2. Management of various stages of Phalaenopsis cultivation.

1. Seedling

The seedlings just out of the bottle to 15cm are small seedlings, which are fragile and sensitive to the environment at this stage. The suitable temperature for its growth is between 22-33 ℃, humidity 60%-85%, light 3000~8000Lux, depending on the condition of the seedling. As high temperature and high humidity can easily lead to the breeding of diseases and insect pests, germicidal insecticides are sprayed 2 or 3 times a month to prevent. In the aspect of fertilizer, Huaduoduo (P) 3-1-13000 × 5000 times was the main solution. Apply 3-5 times a month, and irrigate 2-3 times of water, each time should not be applied more, in order to facilitate root development. In addition, one fungicide and one root fertilizer should be irrigated after each basin change, and then applied according to normal fertilizer and water.

two。 Medium seedling

The middle seedling refers to the orchid seedling with leaf spreading 15~25cm, which usually has 4-5 well-growing leaves. The medium seedling is transplanted into the soft basin of 12~15cm and planted for 5-6 months. Its suitable growth environment: temperature 2032 ℃, humidity 50% 80%, light 8000~15000Lux, P22-2 mainly on fertilizer, P3-1-1 as auxiliary (2000-3000 times liquid). Apply 3-4 times per month and water 1-2 times a month to keep the pH value of aquatic plants normal (5.5-6.5).

3. Big seedling

From 25cm to pre-flowering, the seedlings are large, usually with more than 5 leaves, and the plants are strong. At this stage, seedlings should gradually increase their nutrient accumulation in order to promote flowering treatment. The suitable environment is: temperature 1832 ℃, humidity 50% 80%, light 15000~25000Lux, its cold resistance and heat resistance have been strong. It can generally withstand a low temperature of 15 ℃ or a high temperature of 35 ℃. However, long-term high temperature will lead to disease outbreaks. On fertilizer and water, the main solution is P1-3-2, supplemented by P22-2, which is 2000 times per month, and the water is irrigated once a month twice a month.

3. Promoting flowering treatment

Phalaenopsis can be treated and flowered when it is mature enough. The pseudo-corm is stout and sturdy, with 4-5 leaves. The florescence is usually treated 4-4.5 months in advance of the expected flowering. At this stage, the environment is controlled at a temperature of 16: 28 ℃, humidity of 50%, 80%, and light 25000~35000Lux. In a proper range, the larger the seedling, the stronger the light. There is at least a temperature difference of more than 10 ℃, and the daytime temperature should not be too high, which will hinder the formation of pedicels when it exceeds 30 ℃ (except for some varieties). The fertilizer was applied with 1000-2000 times of P1-3-2 and P9-45-15, and watered once or twice a month, but the root system should be paid attention to so as not to rot. When the pedicel came out of 2~5cm, it entered the management of stem seedling.

4. management of stem seedlings and flowering plants.

At this stage, the environmental control of seedlings was the same as that of flowering treatment, but the application of fertilizer was mainly P1-3-2 2000 times. Fertilizer application should be reduced during flowering. Apply 2 to 3 times a month, watering more, and the temperature is 18 ~ 30 ℃ after flower fade. Preferably above 20 ℃. The light was 20000 ~ 25000Lux, and P22-2 was applied for 3 times to restore its nutrition and facilitate flowering again.

5. Disease and pest control of Phalaenopsis

The prevention of diseases and insect pests of Phalaenopsis should be based on prevention, and suitable growth environment is the key to reduce the incidence of orchid seedlings. To prevent diseases and insect pests, we must first make orchid seedlings strong and enhance their own resistance, on the other hand, keep the environment clean and hygienic, properly ventilated, and develop good gardening habits to avoid the ups and downs of the growth environment, resulting in diseases caused by orchid seedlings. At the same time, once diseases and insect pests are found, prevention and control should be carried out as soon as possible.

1. Insect pest

There are mainly scale insects, mites, aphids, nematodes, whitefly.

two。 Disease

The main diseases of orchids are caused by fungi. Symptoms such as: rot, rust, quenching, wilting, ulcer, anthrax, scab, spots, mildew, tissue necrosis, plant withering and so on. Other fungal diseases include white silk disease, anthracnose, gray mold, leaf blight and so on. Bacterial diseases are mainly bacterial soft rot and bacterial brown spot.

Detailed explanation of postharvest management of Oncidium

At present, the problems that have emerged in the process of post-harvest processing in domestic Oncidium manufacturers include low maturity during harvest, short vase life, and flower drop during sub-packing due to mutual interference and pulling of flowers. In addition, the anther cap on the bouquet is easy to fall off, which leads to the rapid aging of flowers. Flower stem incisions are easy to rot, especially when it is hot in summer. There are also the problems of preservation, quarantine and packaging. If these post-harvest processing problems can not be properly improved and solved, it is bound to affect the quality and goodwill image, and gradually lose the existing competitiveness in the international market. At present, the process of harvest and post-processing of Oncidium is as follows: 1. Harvest: cut off from the bottom of the flower stem with a variety of commercial and home-made scissors or blades, and some operators pick them directly with their hands. two。 Collecting flowers in the field: the picked Oncidium is held by hand or placed on the plant or planting bed, and then collected to the front of the planting bed or on the aisle after a certain number, and then about 20 to 30 cut flowers are simply wrapped in newspapers around the flower part. then put it in a collection bucket filled with fresh water or preservative on the cart, all filled and then transported to the grading field to do grading work. 3. Rest: after the flowers are sent to the grading field, they are usually placed at room temperature until there are sufficient quantities before grading. The rest time is more than 24 hours. 4. Classification: at present, the classification standard of Oncidium is very clear. Oncidium harvested in the field is transported to the production and marketing class or the producer's own graded processing plant for grading, sorting, and packaging operations. The cut flowers transported from each production plant will be removed by the graders, and then the entangled flowers will be separated one by one, and the grading standard marks on the workbench will be visually selected, and the defective products will be eliminated at the same time. 5. Packaging: cut flowers of each grade with 10 sticks as a handful, cut the stem again to reduce infection, and then bind the stem with different color tape. Those who need to be sprayed should be isolated and sprayed and then dried. After drying, wrap the flowers with transparent plastic paper or sleeves, and cover the cut with a fresh-keeping tube containing antiseptic solution. Large packages of 20: 50 cartons or small packages of 2: 10 cartons are packed across the box. After packing, it is directly sent to the refrigerated container and transported to Japan, or put into the freezer to wait for loading. 6. Pesticide application: in order to meet the quarantine of foreign customs, many cut flowers must be sprayed, so after grading and binding, they are still placed in a collection bucket containing clear water or fresh solution, and then sent to the spray room to isolate spraying. The final packing will not be carried out until the medicine is dry. 7. Transportation: at present, most of the operators use refrigerated containers to be directly transported to Japan by the airport, in order to save transportation time and ensure the freshness of cut flowers. There are also a small number of domestic operators experimenting with the use of seaborne sales days to reduce the freight burden during the summer and autumn peak period, but the situation is not satisfactory. 8. Repackage in the future: after the product arrives in the Japanese auction market, the bouquet needs to be rearranged, the defective products removed and the flowers made up. This kind of operation also increases the probability of damage to flowers. The problems faced by post-harvest treatment taking a comprehensive view of the current post-harvest operation process of Oncidium in China, we are faced with the following problems: 1. The harvesting action is not standardized and the harvesting tools are not unified, which is easy to cause the wound on the plant and flower stem to be infected by disease after harvest. two。 As a result of repeated flower collection and separation operations, the intertwined flowers were torn off, the probability of falling off the anther cap was increased, and the ethylene production rate of aging flowers was increased. 3. The artificial classification is easy to be influenced artificially, which makes the classification standards different, resulting in the inconsistency between the quality and grade of cut flowers. 4. The horizontal packing shortens the time for the flower stem to absorb the fresh-keeping solution in the fresh-keeping tube, and the fresh-keeping period is limited, which is easy to cause the rot of the flower stem incision. 5. There is no air hole in the packing box, so that the temperature in the box can not be reduced rapidly during cold storage to take away the respiratory heat of the flower plant, so as to accelerate the metabolism of the flower plant and make it aging rapidly, and even make the incision of the unsterilized flower plant begin to decay. 6. Almost all of the work is handled manually. In Taiwan, where there is a shortage of manpower and high wages, this kind of high manpower demand makes it impossible to reduce the production cost of Oncidium and thus reduce profits. 7. Based on the quarantine requirements, many harvested bouquets need to be applied, but the application technology has not been established. Some use the medicine bucket to soak the bouquet directly in the medicine solution, and also use the high-pressure sprayer to cooperate with the medicine tube, and the operator holds the spray head to spray directly in the bouquet. In addition, some flower production and marketing classes set up a special library for treatment, and the bouquet is placed in the library to use the pesticide dispenser to make the floating suspension liquid airtight. After the application operation, the medicament is discharged directly from the outside world and has not been treated. 8. Although the cut flowers were immersed in a bucket after harvest, they were not immediately sent to the pre-cold storage for pre-cooling. The limitation of pre-cooling can not be mastered. In the sorting and packaging workshop, the temperature is not maintained at a suitable temperature (12 ℃). 9. The internal environment control of the cold storage and conveying containers in the production area treatment site is mainly temperature control, and the relative humidity is rarely set and adjusted. The relative humidity in the space is too low, which increases the water loss rate of cut flowers. The total water loss is higher than that in the fresh-keeping tube. 10. The precooling technology has not been established: there is no research report on which is the best precooling method for Oncidium cut flowers. The precooling methods include strong air precooling, differential pressure precooling and vacuum precooling. The efficiency and energy demand of various precooling methods have not been fully studied. Environmental control of the treatment site graded packaging plants are commonly used in many Oncidium production areas in China. In order to reduce the indoor temperature, water walls and fans are installed. This kind of cooling equipment works in Phalaenopsis greenhouse. However, when used in the post-harvest treatment field of Oncidium, there are the following problems. 1. In summer in Taiwan, the principle of evaporative cooling is used to cool down, and the ideal condition is to maintain about 27 ℃. In autumn, the room temperature can only be reduced to 20-22 ℃. The holding temperature of Oncidium in post-harvest treatment was 12 ℃. Therefore, even if the function of the water wall is brought into full play, the temperature still can not reach the temperature required for crop pre-cooling. two。 There are certain construction standards for the use of water walls and fans. The distance between the fan and the water wall must be more than 25 meters before the cooling effect can be seen. The domestic Wenxinlan collection yard seldom meets this standard. The ventilation volume (number of fans) and the area of the water wall need to be calculated according to the engineering criteria. It is not a free proof and arbitrary construction. 3. In order to cool down by evaporative cooling, emphasis must be placed on air tightness. Personnel entry and exit doors should be set on both sides and opened by horizontal sliding doors instead of sliding doors. Domestic Oncidium processing plants often ignore this requirement. The problem derived from mass production Oncidium can handle all the work with manpower because of its small area and small output in the stage of small-scale production. However, with the expansion of the production area and the over-concentration of the production period, a large number of finished products are concentrated from September to November. A large number of products are crowded into the collection yard, resulting in too much static time and easy deterioration of quality. The traditional mode of operation is used in mass production, which is handled entirely by manpower, which causes the action too frequently and the bouquet is easy to be damaged. Therefore, when the production area is expanded, the decentralized regulation of the production period is very important. Post-harvest processing needs to be replanned. Moderate mechanization and rationalization of moving lines are necessary for the success of industrial production, and large-scale cultivation and management of Oncidium is no exception. Improvement and planning of post-harvest processing according to its process, the harvest and post-processing operations in Oncidium production area are improved and re-planned as follows: 1. Site configuration: the Oncidium production field in the professional area should be concentrated. Try to make the distance between each production site and the post-harvest field consistent. Unified use of post-harvest processing yard classification, sorting and packaging and other machinery, and can be centrally refrigerated or transported in cabinets. Each production site is equipped with a simple conveying crane, which can transport the harvested cut flowers to the centralized treatment plant. There should be pre-cooled container area, classification and selection area, sub-loading area, cold storage and container container area and container truck platform in the centralized treatment site. The refrigeration and cooling equipment of air-conditioning machinery should be used as far as possible to keep the room temperature suitable for low temperature. In particular, it is necessary to avoid the accelerated aging of Oncidium flowers caused by high heat in summer. two。 Harvest: the harvest of Oncidium must consider the length of flowers and the maturity of identification, which can not be completely replaced by machinery, so it still needs to be manual. Manual operation should have unified cutting tools and action procedures, and cut flowers after harvest should also avoid entanglement with each other. The uniformity of the incision of the flower stem has a great influence on the life of the cut flower. Although it is easy to harvest with scissors, the flower stem can be cut off only by the compression and deformation of the stem by shear force, which is easy to make the cut tissue of the stem necrotic due to extrusion deformation. When using the blade for a long time, the wear and tear of the blade and the increase of the gap make the effect of shear worse. The shear notch tissue is not only under pressure but also pulled and torn, so it is better to use a sharp blade to produce a pure cutting incision that is smooth and reliable. Therefore, a sharp knife similar to a scalpel should be used to harvest Oncidium. Harvester waist should be equipped with a small container containing germicidal liquid, the cutter can be placed in this tank for disinfection, each person should be equipped with at least several cutters in turn. 3. Transportation and classification (1). Large production site treatment mode A, transportation: a crane track is set up between each production site and the centralized processing site, which can be made of plastic products to reduce weight, and can be easily removed and installed on the track. The staff can carry multiple cranes, which can be filled with new cranes and then continue harvesting. Until the use of cranes or the end of a single trip harvest, all cranes are pulled to the main track. The crane is equipped with a cable and a fixture, which is used to pull the crane, and the fixture is used to hold the flower stem of Oncidium. The distance between the fixtures makes it difficult for the flowers of each flower plant to be entangled. B grading: the classification standard of Oncidium has been established, in which the number of branches and the length of flower stem are the main classification conditions, and most of Oncidium plants are fan-shaped, and the identification of image processing is simple and easy. At present, the computer processing speed is fast, and the image recognition equipment is cheap and popular, so the mechanical vision system should be used to replace the manual classification operation. At present, foreign flower manufacturers install image recognition equipment on self-propelled vehicles, which can be moved to the desired place to connect the track and then operate directly, which is suitable for operators with scattered production fields. Before the cut flowers on the crane are sent to the image selection area of the centralized processing field, they are sent out in the separated packaging grid on each grade conveyor belt according to the results of computer classification. (2)。 In view of the improvement of the existing production field, the existing production site improvement mode shall be graded at the same time when it is harvested manually on the spot. The cut flower plants should be hung upside down and clamped with the clamp on the crane. After the crane is full, the crane is pulled to the main aisle, and then placed in plastic buckets with fresh solution according to the length of the bouquet, and quickly transported to the treatment plant for pre-cooling. 5. Separated packaging: in order to avoid putting the bouquets of Oncidium orchids together, the quality of the flowers will be seriously affected because of the separation operation and the flowers are easily torn off at the next processing time. For grade A products with higher prices, in order to ensure their quality, separated packaging panels should be used so that cut flowers can be packaged and transported in a single plant without being mixed with other flowers and increasing the flower drop rate or the shedding rate of the anther cover. In addition, automatic sleeving equipment can also be used to pack the bouquet in the cuff for protection. 6. Fresh-keeping treatment: after packing the bouquet, after unifying all the basic incisions, put on the improved fresh-keeping tube or soft fresh-keeping bag. Because the old fresh-keeping tube can not absorb the fresh-keeping solution when the bouquet is placed in a box, the soft fresh-keeping bag developed abroad can be used instead. This kind of soft bag can shrink with the absorption of moisture in the cut flower, resulting in a decrease in the pressure in the bag. In addition, non-woven cloth or sponge can also be installed in the fresh-keeping tube, so that when the flower stem is placed horizontally, it can still absorb water because of the capillary effect of non-woven cloth or sponge. 7. Packing, pre-cooling, cold storage and removal of flowers and plants: the flowers and plants covered with fresh-keeping tubes or bags and separated packaging are packed in a large box vertically, and can still be packed horizontally if they are packed in a cuff type. There should be an appropriate number and size of air vents on the packing box to ensure that the temperature and atmospheric pressure in the box can be rapidly reduced after the box is put into the pre-cold storage, so as to slow down the aging of flowers and plants and the growth of possible bacteria. The placement of the box body in the refrigerated container and freezer after pre-cooling must be able to make the low-temperature air flow evenly, so that there is no dead corner. After arriving at the place of sale, the flowers with separated packaging can be placed on the side of the box, and the flowers can be pulled out and displayed for sale simply and smoothly by opening the bottom of the box. 8. Quarantine and fumigation operations need to be applied quarantine and steaming operations depend on the existence of insects in cut flowers after harvest. The insects to be dealt with are aphids, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Coleoptera and so on. In all the steaming operations, the most reasonable way is to precool the temperature first, so that the temperature drops rapidly, and then carry out vacuum steaming of cut flowers. However, the domestic technology in this area is not yet mature, there are still some problems to be discussed: (1). The agent used: it can kill insects, but the toxicity is within the allowable range. (2)。 Pre-cooling temperature, pre-cooling time, atmospheric pressure or decompression, decompression pressure how to match? (3). Corrosion resistance of steaming equipment. (4)。 The design of the steaming tank in the steaming operation, how to move the sports line, how to apply the medicament? (5)。 How the medicament is evenly distributed without dead corner, it does achieve the insecticidal effect. How can the lack of traditional immersion or spraying methods be improved? (6)。 After steaming, how do chemicals dilute and drain out of nature? Improvement of Oncidium production facilities in the post-processing process of agricultural products, the neat the agricultural products themselves are, the more consistent the growth characters are, and the faster and more accurate the grading and packaging operations are. The production field of Oncidium in China is mainly shaded net room. Temperature, relative humidity and air fluidity can not be controlled except that the internal light quantity does not exceed the demand value. Not only the delivery period can not be adjusted, but also the problem of diseases and insect pests is more serious. How to improve the facility environment and make Oncidium from extensive production to accurate production. Under the relevant environmental control technology is complete, can producers accept the idea of improving the environment, although increasing investment in facilities and equipment can disperse the production period and improve the quality? Moreover, within the facilities with good environmental control, the diseases and insect pests of Oncidium are easier to control and control. The problem of quarantine steaming has been greatly simplified.

[common plants] introduction to the maintenance of one-leaf orchid

Click "Flowers and potted plants" to follow the editor! One-leaf orchid is a kind of indoor plant with evergreen and beautiful leaves all the year round. Many people will choose to decorate it at home and plant it in the courtyard and other places. Let's learn about the breeding method of the next leaf orchid:

The fruit of a leaf orchid is very similar to a spider egg (see the picture above), alias spider egg, Ruo orchid, bract Milan, sexual preference for warm, humid, semi-shady environment, more cold-resistant, extremely shade-tolerant, the suitable temperature for growth is 10-25 ℃, is an ideal indoor greening plant.

Introduction of culture methods: 1. The requirement of soil one-leaf orchid is not strict and resistant to barren, but it is better to use loose and fertile slightly acidic sandy loam. When potted, rotten leaf soil, peat soil and garden soil can be mixed in the same amount as substrate.

2. In the water growing season, the basin soil should be fully watered, and the basin soil should be kept moist and humidified frequently, so as to sprout and grow new leaves, and the amount of water can be reduced appropriately after the end of autumn.

3. Light can be cultivated in bright indoor all the year round, but no matter indoors or outdoors, it can not be placed in direct sunlight. Short-term sunlight exposure may also cause leaf burns and reduce ornamental value. The orchid is extremely shady and can be watched for months even in a dark room, but being too dark for a long time is not conducive to the germination and growth of new leaves.

If placed in a dark room, it is best to move it to a place with bright light for a period of time to facilitate growth and viewing. Especially during the period from the germination of new leaves to the growth and maturity of new leaves, they should not be placed in a too dark place. 4. Temperature its nature likes warm, humid, semi-overcast environment, more cold-resistant, extremely shady. The suitable temperature for growth is 10: 25 ℃, while the range of growth temperature is 7: 30 ℃, and the overwintering temperature is 0: 3 ℃.

5. Fertilizer if the air is too dry, it is easy to cause leaf edge and leaf tip scorch. Dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied 1-2 times a month to promote the germination of new leaves and robust growth, so as to ensure that the leaves are beautiful and bright. Variegated varieties should be given light fertilizer, if the fertilizer is too sufficient, the leaf spots are easy to disappear. 6. Pest control the orchid grows in a poorly ventilated environment and is prone to shield scale, which can be covered with the front and back of the leaves when it is serious.

Control methods: in the early stage of new leaf germination in spring, all insect leaves can be cut off and destroyed, and when the new leaves grow and expand, they can be completely cured, or in the nymph stage, they can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate 1000-1500 times, and need to be sprayed again every other week. Wonderful recommendation: ornamental varieties and maintenance of ink orchid explain in detail the subversion of Dilan (slipper orchid), the maintenance and introduction of the angel [orchid queen] Phalaenopsis.

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