How does Yunnan pine make bonsai? Maintenance and Management Technology of Yunnan Pine Bonsai cultivation

I think we all know that the most difficult thing in bonsai cultivation is not whether it can be planted, but how to create bonsai modelling. According to editors, bonsai with good shape on the market are very expensive, so how do we make bonsai modeling? The following editor will tell you about Yunnan pine bonsai cultivation modeling maintenance and management technology.

Yunnan pine, commonly known as Pinus elliottii, Pinus elliottii is a large evergreen tree, Latin name: PinusYunnaensiS. Bark brownish gray or reddish brown, divided into irregular scales or tortoise shells, rarely stacked. Winter buds reddish brown, 3 needles in a bunch, with leaf sheaths, leaves 10 to 35 cm long, soft. The cone is cone-shaped and ovate, and the seeds are winged, which is convenient for wind-borne transmission.

I. Distribution

Yunnan pine is mainly distributed in the east of Xizang, the west and southwest of Sichuan, Yunnan, the west and southwest of Guizhou and the north of Guangxi. Most of them are vertically distributed in the area of 1000-3200 meters above sea level, and they are deep-rooted tree species with strong preference for light. Strong adaptability, resistant to winter and spring dry climate and barren soil, can be born in acid red soil, red-yellow or micro-limestone soil. It grows best in fat, acid sandy loam, north slope or semi-shady slope with good drainage.

2. Domestication and cultivation

According to evidence, the cultivation history of Pinus yunnanensis was in 1922, when it was widely cultivated in Lijiang. However, it has been stuck in the "modeling" stage of the shape of the curved object that obliterates nature. The modern bonsai styling in the real sense is undoubtedly influenced and inspired by the'99 World Expo, benefited from the development of the modern network, and is inseparable from the Yunnan Bonsai Stone appreciation Association.

The growth of Pinus yunnanensis is closely related to its geographical location and altitude. Taking the altitude of 2000 meters as an example, the pine buds began to expand from the beginning of January to the middle of January, and the growth accelerated with the passage of time, and the fastest growth was from mid-February to mid-April. However, the period from January to May is the dry and rainless season in Yunnan, under such environmental conditions, Pinus yunnanensis ushered in a period of vigorous growth, which shows how remarkable its drought tolerance is.

The root system of Pinus yunnanensis is composed of vertical downward main root and multi-stage branched lateral root, which is radish-shaped. The main root can reach the soil layer below 2.5 meters, while the lateral root extends horizontally. In the process of root growth of Pinus yunnanensis, there is also mycorrhizal growth. Mycorrhiza is a symbiote formed by fungi in soil and young absorbing roots of Pinus yunnanensis, parasitic on the roots of Pinus yunnanensis. The huge bacteria enhanced the ability of root system to absorb soil nutrients and water, and promoted the growth and development and drought resistance of Yunnan pine root system.

Domestication and cultivation of Pinus yunnanensis should be carried out in the dormant period, that is, from October to January of the next year, with soil balls pseudo-planted on the ground for one year. After that, it is appropriate to use acid sandy soil to facilitate drainage. Sitting in a pot for two years, aimed at rooting and forcing buds. According to the principle of plant terminal dominance, the operation of forced bud or branch loss was carried out.

III. Pest control

There are many insect pests in Yunnan pine, including Cryptomeria fortunei caterpillar, Simao pine caterpillar, red spider, shell insect and so on. The main diseases are powdery mildew and soot disease. According to mature and safe experience, spray omethoate plus topazine or carbendazim once a month. The dosage is 1 spray pot water and 2 lids of omethoate and carbendazim. Stone sulfur mixture or imidacloprid can also be used. In some reference books, there is a great deal of introduction about the experience of using trichlorfon and dichlorvos to control diseases and insect pests of Pinus yunnanensis, but my personal lesson is to ban these two pesticides.

Four, two varieties

It is generally believed that there are two varieties of Pinus yunnanensis, one is Pinus yunnanensis with fine leaves, and the other is Pinus yunnanensis.

Fifth, modeling method

When Yunnan pine false planting pile basin, we should choose the basin with flat bottom and moderate depth. The pots were laid for 2 years, that is, the stage of root cultivation and forced bud breeding was completed. During this period of time, it is necessary to promote its full development, grow roots radiated on all sides, and carry out the retraction operation of regulating branch loss. There are folk proverbs: dry hair roots, wet hair leaves. Therefore, reasonable and effective water control is the key. Modeling has broken dry to take the bend and slotting to take the bend and not to break the dry to take the bend modeling method. No matter which way is used, the first thing to bear the brunt is to follow the theory of "four different methods" in Chinese painting theory: heavy potential, heavy qi, heavy state. In order to achieve this effect, it is necessary to achieve: the tree must be dried first, and the dry stand will become a lush forest. Translated into modern Chinese: to make a good bonsai, you must first bend the trunk to a reasonable position before you can make branches. Only in this way can we achieve a perfect state. On the contrary, the trunk remains the same, and any change in the branches is meaningless.

It is not the editor's nonsense, good-looking bonsai is really not cheap, if you are interested in potted cultivation, you can talk about the Yunnan pine bonsai cultivation modeling maintenance and management skills shared by the editor.

Production and maintenance of Chinese wolfberry bonsai

(1) Botany knowledge belongs to Solanaceae and Lycium barbarum. Deciduous shrubs, tufted, with slender, arched drooping branches, often with spines. Simple leaves alternate, rhombic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Flowers purple, corymbose, Corolla funnelform. The berries are oval or oval, crimson or orange when ripe. Chinese wolfberry is produced in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces. Mountain wasteland, roadside near the village, ridges of fields, earth wall foundation, can be seen everywhere, widely distributed. Like light, slightly shade-tolerant, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, lax soil requirements, barren, stone crevice can also grow; neutral soil, calcareous soil, saline-alkali soil can adapt. It is an indicator plant of calcareous soil and has strong tillering ability. (2) material collection and cultivation measures 1. Artificial propagation: it can be propagated by sowing, cutting, striping, ramet and other methods. The mature fruit was sown in November, soaked in water for 1-2 days, softened, scrubbed and cleaned, dried and stored in the sun. Sowing from March to April of the following year, strip sowing or border sowing, covering soil about 1-1.5 cm, poured through water, 10 days later can sprout out the soil. After emergence, seedlings can be planted once and for all, and general management can be taken. Seedlings were transplanted and planted in the spring of the following year. Cutting propagation uses annual strong branches as cuttings before sprouting in spring, and can also be cut with current-year twigs in the rainy season, with ears 12-15 cm long, obliquely inserted on the seedbed, often watered to keep the soil moist, and the survival rate can reach more than 95%. Ramet transplanting is more than March-early April. After the tufted plants are dug up, most of the branches are cut off, planted and watered immediately, and the soil is often kept moist, which is easy to survive and can blossom and bear fruit in the same year. 2. Mountain mining: before and after the sting, Chinese wolfberry has just entered the germination period to be excavated before germination, which is the most suitable. Chinese wolfberry can be found in the mountain wasteland or at the foot of the ancient courtyard wall. after digging back, it can be put on the basin directly according to the shape, the trees in good condition can be planted to the ornamental position, and those with poor roots should be cultivated to maintain humidity. If there are conditions, it can also be cultivated in the open field, and when the root system is well developed and the branches are sturdy, it can be transplanted into the basin. The proper lifting of roots can be processed into excellent bonsai with flat knots of old roots and brushing branches.

(3) the process of going up the basin 1. Selecting the basin: Chinese wolfberry should use a slightly deeper glazed pottery basin or a purple sand pottery basin, the shape of which is determined by the tree type, and the cliff type should use a thousand-barrel basin. Generally, curved dry type and root-lifting type should use medium-deep rectangular, round or oval basins. 2. Using soil: Lycium barbarum is not strict on soil, and sandy loam with good drainage is suitable. Potted plants can be used with humus or pastoral soil mixed with sandy soil. 3. Planting: spring is the most suitable, and other seasons are slightly worse. Before planting, you can carry out a shaping and pruning, the section should be smooth, and the excessively long root should be cut short. The soil should not be hard or have gaps, and there is no need to apply base fertilizer to the bottom of the basin. 4. Post-planting management: Chinese wolfberry in a good pot is placed in a place with astigmatism and is often sprayed with water to moisturize until it decreases gradually after germination. (4) posture techniques 1. Processing: the main branches of Chinese wolfberry can be properly clambered and trimmed. Large branches should be clambered and pruned in winter, while branchlets can be climbed in summer and autumn. The new branch can be clamped up at any time with suitable wire such as iron, lead and copper. Lycium barbarum wood is brittle, pay attention to soft force during operation, not too fierce. 2. Tree shape: the old pile bonsai of Chinese wolfberry should be made into curved dry type or cliff type, while the twigs should be tied into drooping shape. Tigan shape can be made into bridge-crossing style. There are other forms, such as the root-lifting type, the multi-dry type, the strange type and so on, of which those with a big head and a small tail and a straight one are the most boring. All in all, because of the tree shape, apply art in accordance with their aptitude, repeatedly knock, do not act in undue haste.

(5) maintenance and management 1, placement place: Chinese wolfberry should be placed in a sunny place, if placed in the shade, it is not conducive to blossom and bear fruit. Avoid direct sun in summer, can bear cold in winter, and can spend the winter in the open air above-10 ℃. 2. Watering: usually watering should be dry and wet, according to the principle that if it is not dry or watered, it must be thoroughly watered. During the flowering and fruiting period, we should pay attention to watering the right amount to prevent it from being too dry or too wet. 3, fertilization: to apply thin fertilizer frequently, early summer and early autumn combined with picking leaves, can each apply a slightly thicker fertilizer, in order to promote the emergence of new leaves and buds. Proper fertilization can be applied before and after sprouting to make the fruit large and the plant strong. Do not fertilize too much and during the flowering period. 4. Pruning: big pruning and plastic surgery are carried out every winter and spring. Usually at any time to cut off diseased branches and dense branches, maintain a certain tree shape. Get rid of sprouting in time. 5. Turn the basin: every 1-2 years, the time should be in the early spring. When turning the basin, remove half of the old soil and replace it with loose and humus-rich culture soil, which can apply less base fertilizer. Cut off the withered roots and some of the overgrown old roots. It is important to turn the basin and change the soil. If the basin is not turned for many years, the basin soil is consolidated, and the drainage is poor, which will seriously affect the tree potential. 6. Pest control: the main diseases of Lycium barbarum are powdery mildew and black fruit, which can be controlled by Baume 0.3-0.5 stone sulfur mixture. In the early stage of the disease, fungicides such as carbendazim, carbendazim, mancozeb and triadimefon can be used alternately for prevention and treatment. The main pests are aphids, wood lice, gall mites and so on that feed on leaves. They can be sprayed with 90% crystal trichlorfon, 50% phoxim EC, 40% omethoate, methamphetamine and other new insecticides and acaricides. The key is to master the time and concentration. (6) ornamental Chinese wolfberry is one of the bonsai Rocks of Eighteen Scholars in ancient times, and it is also a famous traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing liver and kidney and benefiting smart eyes. Lycium barbarum stump bonsai posture is elegant, branches overhang, flowers purple, into the autumn red fruit covered with branches, ornamental effect is very good. If you pick leaves in early summer, you can give birth to emerald and green leaves for viewing. Pick the leaves again in early autumn so that the buds and buds are sent out at the same time, so that the ornamental effect of red fruits and new leaves can be seen in late autumn.

Skillfully made Chinese wolfberry bonsai is a semi-evergreen shrub with arched branches; if the roots are swimming snakes, Qiu qu is colorful; in autumn and winter, there are many red fruits, known as "snow-pressed coral", which is a good material for making bonsai. The specific methods of Chinese wolfberry bonsai are as follows: dig pile head in early April when Chinese wolfberry just began to germinate, choose a better shaped pile head, first cut short long branches, cut off messy branches, dig carefully, dig out the complete root, and immediately put it into a plastic bag. Tie the mouth so as not to evaporate water. Soil pots choose flowerpots with a caliber and height of 20 centimeters, and loose sandy loam soil is better. Before planting, trim the root to the degree suitable for the pot, dip it in the mud, and then place it in the pot. After planting, pour water thoroughly, place 2murine for 3 days, wait for the soil to dry slightly, carry on the modelling. The modeling makes use of the characteristics of strong germination and fast branch growth of Chinese wolfberry, resulting in umbrella-shaped, 2-story, 3-story and other forms. Umbrella-shaped, 2-story and 3-story buildings have 1, 2 and 3 branches respectively, and the distance between each layer after cutting is 15 cm. The branches were fixed in the right position with iron wire. Management (1) moisturizing: spray water frequently to keep the branches moist. (2) erase buds: when sprouting in mid-April, sprouts should be wiped in time, requiring that only the buds around the top should be kept on each branch, and the rest should be erased. (3) pruning: pruning in late April, when the remaining buds grow to about 10 cm. (4) topdressing: topdressing nitrogen fertilizer in late April, using 0.2% urea aqueous solution, once every 10 days, by the end of July, various shapes had been formed, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer, and apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every 10 days instead. The flower bud is formed in August and the purple florets bloom gradually. The fruit will turn red gradually in October after sitting in September. Move into the room before the frost, then the green leaves do not fall all the year round, red and green, particularly beautiful.

Chinese wolfberry bonsai cultivation techniques Lycium barbarum is a deciduous shrub of Lycium barbarum in Solanaceae, which likes warm, humid and sunny environment, and is resistant to cold, drought and barren. Potted Chinese wolfberry is usually kept outside in a sunny place for maintenance, even in the middle of summer. In addition to winter dormancy, Chinese wolfberry should also be dormant at high temperature in summer, when the plant growth stagnates and most of the leaves fall off, watering should be controlled and fertilization should be stopped. At the end of the dormant period, trim and reshape once, cut off the overdense and overlong branches and cross branches, overlapping branches, weak branches, and remove the remaining old leaves, so as to strengthen the ventilation and light inside the plant, promote the germination of new branches and leaves and make the branches and leaves sparse naturally. After the new leaves grow, the liquid fertilizer based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied once every 7 to 10 days, and the water is "dry and thoroughly". After the fruit is clear, stop fertilization and reduce watering, so as to weaken the metabolic activity of the plant and prolong the fruit viewing period. Chinese wolfberry can blossom and bear fruit in summer and autumn in a year, in which the fruit that blossoms in May and June in summer is sparse, a small light color, can remove the flower bud, in order to concentrate nutrients to make more fruit in autumn. Because of its strong germinating power, pay attention to head-beating, heart-picking and sprouting in the peak growing season, so as to control the growth and keep the tree shape beautiful. Before the beginning of winter, the plant is reshaped to make it show a strong Qiu qu cold tree shape after falling leaves and fruit, which can also be watched in winter. Winter requires cold, can be put in outdoor shelter to the sun or cold indoor overwintering, keep the soil does not freeze can safely survive the winter. If the temperature is too high, it will make the plant germinate ahead of time, which is disadvantageous to the growth of the second year. Keep proper moisture in the soil and avoid dry freezing, otherwise it will cause plant death. Spring: after the temperature rises in spring, Chinese wolfberry will sprout earlier than other plants. If it is a newly planted Chinese wolfberry, be sure to choose the right branches and leave the right bud points. The cut healed poorly, so it should be kept longer. There are many sprouts of Chinese wolfberry, which should be eliminated as soon as possible. After the Qingming Festival, as long as the bud is exposed, the knife should be cut from the bottom of the bud, so as not to affect the dispersion and loss of nutrients. Try to choose the buds that are in the right place, and if not, apply them with wire. Remove excess introverted branches, leaf base branches, and control excessive branches. Summer: vigorous growth in summer, while killing insects in time, hit the top in time, laying the foundation for a bumper harvest of autumn fruit. Chinese wolfberry has the characteristics of two fruits, according to the growth environment, summer fruit is more and more sometimes less, I think it can not be retained or a small amount. Often observe, ligation and application should be carried out as early as possible, preferably when there is no hardening. Branch length is generally retained within 20 cm, Greater Heat season, new branches Lignification, leaves yellowing into the dormancy period, at this time all the leaves can be removed, concentrated for a pruning. Autumn: after the End of Heat, the weather turned cool, Chinese wolfberry began to sprout autumn buds and autumn buds appeared at the same time. Put Chinese wolfberry in an environment with strong ventilation and strong light. Cut off the sprouting tillers, hit the top reasonably, and maintain the evenness of the fruit. During the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, Chinese wolfberry is green and red, which is particularly pleasing to the eye. If the viewing period is extended, Chinese wolfberry should be placed in a relatively cool place. Winter: after the Beginning of Winter, the leaves of Chinese wolfberry will gradually fall off, and the fruit will slowly wither. If it is said to be winter shearing, it does not have to be trimmed after autumn, but can be carried out after the Spring Festival to before sprouting. Each branch group has a reasonable density and direction, and each branchlet has about five to ten buds. Remove weak branches and diseased branches, factor modeling, flexible use. At present, I do not know about the nutrition consumption of unpicked fruit, but the fruit rate of the coming year will not be affected. Overwintering is better in an environment of 1 to 10 degrees. Note: Lycium barbarum wood is very brittle, please pay attention to it when you bend it. Warm water is often sprayed on the fruit to prevent it from shrinking and delaying its shedding. Do not prune, so as to avoid "retreating". Trim and reshape before sprouting in spring. When the basin is turned every spring of one or two years, the sandy soil with loose fertility and good drainage should be used, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate should be added as base fertilizer. When the newly planted plants are kept in a place without direct sunlight for about 15 days, they can be managed normally. Lycium barbarum is often propagated by sowing, cutting, striping, dividing plants and other methods, all of which are easy to survive. The frequent irrigation and protection mode of small water is adopted to prevent flooding irrigation and reducing ground temperature from affecting root growth. In the process of Chinese wolfberry cultivation, watering, weeding, loosening the soil, fertilization. Pruning and other technical essentials and how to prevent and control the black fruit disease of Chinese wolfberry, the invasion of golden insects and other knowledge. To sum up, raising Chinese wolfberry is nothing more than reasonable watering, dry and wet; thin fertilizer is applied frequently to strengthen the tree potential; proper pruning, timely tiller removal; diligent observation, removal of diseases and insects; ventilation and lighting, reasonable arrangement.

How to make Chinese wolfberry bonsai more fruitful Chinese wolfberry stump can be made into various forms of bonsai according to the intention of the producer. However, its branches are long, like vines, and there is little fruit on the short branches, so it is difficult for other forms of bonsai except hanging branches to show a scene of numerous fruits on the ideal branches. Chinese wolfberry has two growth periods and two dormancy periods in a year, the dormancy period is cold winter and hot dog days respectively, the winter dormancy period is about four months, and the dormancy period of dog days is one month. This growth period is divided into the first half of the growth period and the second half of the growth period, the first half of the growth period is mainly vegetative growth, only growing branches and leaves do not blossom and bear fruit; the second half of the growing period is mainly reproductive growth, blooming and fruiting at the same time of growing branches and leaves. According to this characteristic, I gave it a lot of water and fertilizer to make its branches and leaves grow in the first half of the year, without pruning, to make it store more nutrients, and to trim it during the short dormant period in the summer days. in the second half of the year, through pinching, pinching, acupuncture and other techniques to make it more branched, branches early aging, more flowering, so that you can enjoy the red fruit of Chinese wolfberry bonsai. The specific methods are as follows: Chinese wolfberry bonsai should be outdoors in winter, especially cold places can be used for thermal protection of bonsai bonsai. Prune the leaf buds when they sprout in early spring, and then keep them in a place with good ventilation and plenty of light. When the new branches and leaves grow, the dilute liquid fertilizer dominated by nitrogen is applied once a week, during this growth process, do not prune the branches and leaves, let them grow, make the branches stout, and store more nutrients in the stump. Of course, in the meantime, you can tie the branches according to the modeling needs. It will be dormant for a short time when it is hot and dry in the summer. This dormancy should keep the basin soil dry, do not apply fertilizer, and let it be pruned after dormant for a month or so. After the new branches and leaves grow, they should apply dilute liquid fertilizer dominated by phosphorus and potassium once a week. Fertilizing can be watered more on the second day, and water should be deducted the rest of the time. When the new branch grows to 2-3 cm long, it can be pinched once or twice a day according to the direction of the intended branch. When pinching the branch, it should be gently pinched and bent to a small extent, and then gradually increase the curvature. This can make the branches aging and promote flower bud differentiation. Pinching branches can also be pinched according to requirements. If individual branches grow faster than they are intended to grow, you can use small needles to stick one or two needles between the two leaves of the growing section of the branches, reaching deep into the center of the branches, which can slow down the growth of the branches and shorten the branches; if the growth is still too fast, you can cut the vertical branches with a needle under the petiole, not too deep, which is actually the ring cutting in the technology of cultivated fruit trees. After this management to the Mid-Autumn Festival, you can enjoy a pot of Chinese wolfberry bonsai full of red fruit. After winter, the red fruit can be hung in a cold room with light until after New Year's Day. If you want to have numerous red fruits every year, you should also change into the nutritious soil every year. When changing the soil in early spring, add some bone powder and dealkaline lime powder to increase calcium, because Chinese wolfberry likes the soil with high calcium. Artificial planting and the production of wild Chinese wolfberry bonsai the artificially planted old roots of Chinese wolfberry can certainly make bonsai. Most artificially planted tree species have traces of artificiality, and Chinese wolfberry is no exception. A very small number of rare materials may die if they cannot be found. If you are willing to raise from an early age, it takes time and patience, and most people can't hold on. If the Chinese wolfberry tree species is stocked, it is not too slow to grow, but it sprouts more and it takes more effort to manage. Let it grow, mostly straight and boring, manual bending and clumsy. The production of Chinese wolfberry bonsai is still good for natural wild interest, and you can find a single form that is subtle in shape, clever and clever, and not created by people's ideas. Because of its slow natural growth, there are few thick old Lycium barbarum piles, rarely forming cavities and large wrapped stones, mainly in the root plate, roughness, curvature and charm. Choose the old pile you like, and the time to complete the scene will be shortened. Natural resources are relatively limited and limited, which is the contradiction, which needs to be chosen and persisted.

Cultivation of Chinese wolfberry bonsai root suspension Chinese wolfberry has strong germination ability, strong adaptability, likes low temperature and is not afraid of cold; germinates early, leaves fall late, fruit does not fall, ornamental time is long; new leaves grow twice in spring and autumn every year, blossom twice, fruit set twice. And small and dense, flowers are small and numerous, fruit is many and red, and the fruit is a good medicine for nourishing and strengthening the body. So it is a very popular small bonsai raw material. However, Chinese wolfberry is rare and is often made with roots instead of dried bonsai, but most of its roots are solitary and few branch roots. This makes it difficult to make small and perfect Chinese wolfberry bonsai with hanging roots and exposed claws. In recent years, the author has carried out some cultivation attempts to pursue a more perfect hanging claw, and preliminary results have been achieved. The specific measures are: in spring, or in the later period of Erfu (a few days before the Beginning of Autumn), that is, when the dormancy period of Chinese wolfberry in summer caused by hot weather, powdery mildew, and insect pests in the south is about to pass, the piles of Chinese wolfberry collected in the field will be pruned as necessary, leaving good branches and trunks. Use a sharp knife to clear the wounds that need to take root. And carry on the disinfection treatment, then carry on the cuttage. One is to use sand first, wait for rooting and survive, and then transplant to continue to grow roots. The second is to cuttage roots directly in the field. Because Chinese wolfberry root instead of stem cuttings take root in the cross section, but do not take root much, often two or three main roots have been growing. In order to make it take more roots and improve the ornamental value, the author adopts the method of secondary cutting. That is, when the first cuttage survives, let it grow in the ground for a year, dig out and cut off the new roots before the bud of the second year, keep only 1 to 1.5cm, repair the section with a sharp knife, and at the same time cut off the original section that has healed but did not take root (give it a chance to take root again), and then carry on the second cutting, and put a little plant ash on its root. In this way, the surviving old pile of Chinese wolfberry will produce much more roots in the re-wound and the new root section at the same time than the first cutting. after it has been cultivated in the ground for two years, it can dig out the upper basin and make a more perfect Chinese wolfberry bonsai. In order to make the new root flat curve and get a better effect, the author also used the guide method to cultivate the root claw, and also got a very good effect. The method is to dig the pit of 20cm × 20cm × 30cm and fill it with river pebbles or brick slag, the mixed layer of stone and sand 15 to 20cm, and then fill it with 2cm thick sand. Then put the repaired Chinese wolfberry pile into the pit, seal the sand or loess and pour enough water. After the water seeps down, seal the soil higher to prevent the old pile from losing too much water and dying. When the new root of the Chinese wolfberry pile survived by cutting encounters the river pebbles and other hard objects, it will turn and extend along the sand filling seam, and the sand gap between the hard objects will guide it to grow into flat roots and claws, and the ideal flat root Chinese wolfberry pile can be obtained after two years. The inverted planting method of Chinese wolfberry tree is that the branches are buried in the soil, the roots are exposed, the roots grow on the branches, and the buds grow on the roots. Choose more than two-year-old Chinese wolfberry to take root in the appropriate part of three or four top branches. After taking root, cut off the upper branch, cut off all the uncrushed branches, then dig out the plant to wash the soil, and immediately inverted. Trim the capillary root, tie the big root properly, cover the root with a plastic film bag to protect the moisture of the root, and remove the bagging after budding. When the brown silk was unbound at the end of autumn, a beautiful bonsai was successful. after that, the roots were lifted year by year, chicken feet, Jackie Chan feet, green leaves and red fruits, simple and elegant.

Simple and elegant with roots instead of dry bonsai Chinese wolfberry, Yingchun and other plant branches, but not slender, there is no obvious trunk, but its roots are Qiu qu, quaint and strange. In addition, the roots of some miscellaneous wood stumps, such as bauhinia and bayberry, are simple and strange, but the trunk is straight and straight. When making bonsai with these plants, the method of "replacing dry with roots" can be used to remove the roots from the soil instead of tree trunks. The difference between dry bonsai with roots and bonsai with exposed roots is: on the basis of retaining the original tree trunk, the bonsai with exposed roots can hang roots and show claws, and the shape of the roots is not changed, but only as a part of the ornamental body; while the trunk with roots instead of dry bonsai is completely replaced by roots, and the ornamental form of roots no longer exists, but appears in the form of trunk. The stakes used to replace the dry bonsai with roots should choose those stumps with trunk shape at the roots, and the requirements for branches are not too strict. Planting time can be determined according to different tree species, generally in winter and spring, especially before sprouting in spring. Before planting, the pile should be trimmed and shaped, the unnecessary branches should be cut off, and the over-long branches should be truncated properly, but the thicker branches should be retained for future modeling, and the roots should be trimmed, and then planted in tile pots to raise blanks. Because the root of Chinese wolfberry is thick and thin, it violates the natural law of thick and fine under the root, so it can be replanted upside down and easily survive, but its growth is weak. Stump planting should be deep, it is best to bury all the roots in the soil, if the flowerpot depth is not enough, linoleum can be rolled into a tube into the flowerpot, and then fill the soil to increase the height of the pot soil. When planting, the soil should be compacted and watered thoroughly. When the weather is cold, it should be covered with transparent plastic bags for cold protection and heat preservation, and the newly planted plants should be maintained in a place away from the wind and the sun, keep the basin soil moist without stagnant water, and remove the plastic bags after living steadily. When the plant grows exuberantly, some mature thin liquid fertilizer is applied to the branches to grow freely, so as to produce more nutrients through leaf photosynthesis, so that the stump grows vigorously and the root system is developed. After the leaves fall in winter, the redundant branches of tree stumps such as Yingchun and bauhinia will be cut off, and the long branches will be cut short. On the other hand, Chinese wolfberry should be pruned when it is about to sprout in spring, otherwise it will cause the branches to retreat (that is, the pruned branches will die). In the course of maintenance, part of the basin soil should be gradually removed to prepare for the root lifting in the future. The root lifting of dry bonsai should be carried out step by step, not in too much haste, lest the fine roots are exposed too much, resulting in plant death, and its shape can be made into different forms of bonsai according to the specific shape of the roots. In the first year of moving the bonsai into the fine basin, the bonsai is planted in less fertile soil to make it adapt to the new environment and ensure survival. Wait until the next spring to turn the pot and then use more fertile soil to plant. After that, it can be managed normally according to the different habits of tree species.

The method of making bonsai of Luohansong

Luohan pine is a very valuable plant species. It is an evergreen tree of the genus Luohan pine in the family Pine family. It has a broad ovate crown and lanceolate leaves. It has a strong root system peculiar to pine and cypress plants and evergreen leaves all the year round. The branches are soft and tough, so they are very suitable for making bonsai and ornamental. Let's take a look at the method of making bonsai.

Growth habit of Luohansong

Luohansong likes warm and humid climate, weak cold resistance, strong negative resistance, sandy loam with good drainage, strong adaptability to soil, and can survive on saline-alkali soil. It has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide and other pollution gases and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests. China is produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places. Cultivated in the garden as an ornamental tree, there are very few wild trees.

Propagation of Pinus elliottii bonsai

1. Sowing: the sowing and propagation of Pinus elliottii can be carried out in August, usually in the open field seedbed, with picking and sowing, covering with straw, shading, keeping the substrate moist, and covering with plastic film to prevent freezing in winter.

2. Cuttage: the cuttage propagation of Pinus elliottii can be carried out in spring and autumn, the spring is in the middle of March, and the one-year-old stout dormant branches are selected as cuttings. Autumn is planted from July to August, and semi-lignified green branches are selected as cuttings. Cuttings should have heel, pay attention to shade, and March is the most suitable for transplanting.

Luo Hansong upper basin shape

The main results are as follows: 1. upper basin: Luohansong is usually put on the basin before germination in spring, and the basin soil should use slightly acidic sandy loam with loose texture and good drainage. As the posture of Luohansong is simple and elegant, it is appropriate to choose purple sand basin or glazed pottery basin for cultivation, and the shape of the basin is determined by the shape of the tree.

2. Styling: the styling of Luo Hansong is mostly carried out in the dormant period, mainly in Panzha, supplemented by pruning. Because the branches of Luohansong are soft, easy to be tied, and can be trimmed, there are various shapes, such as curved dry type, oblique dry type, horizontal cloud type, cliff type and root type, etc., and the branches and leaves can be trimmed into flaky or steamed bread shape.

Bonsai maintenance of Luohansong

1. Venue: Luohansong should be placed in a warm, humid and well-ventilated place in summer and indoor above 5 ℃ in winter, but the temperature should not be too high so as not to affect its dormancy. Family potted Luohansong should be maintained in an outdoor ventilated place all the year round, not indoors for a long time, otherwise the leaves will fall off and die, the high temperature in summer should not be exposed to the sun, and should be kept in a semi-shady place for maintenance.

2. Watering: Luohansong likes moist soil, so it should be watered frequently during the growing season to keep the basin soil moist, but it can not be watered in the basin, and it is often sprayed to the leaves or the ground in summer. Watering should be fully watered to keep the leaf color bright, and the moisture in autumn and winter can be reduced appropriately.

3. Fertilization: Luohansong only needs to apply nitrogen-based topdressing twice in spring and autumn, without excessive phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is not suitable to apply more fertilizer to the molded lohan pine. Usually in the growing season, mature thin liquid fertilizer is applied every other month, and no more fertilizer is applied after autumn.

4. Pruning: Luohansong should be pruned frequently to maintain the shape of the tree. It is best to remove the buds in time when blooming so as not to consume nutrients. For the modeled bonsai, attention should be paid to heart-picking and pruning to prevent branches and leaves from growing, so as to maintain the original posture. Pruning and heart-picking work is best carried out during the growth period of spring and autumn.

5. Turning the basin: Luohansong usually turns the basin every 2-3 years, usually from March to April.

6. Insect pests: Luohan pine is mainly harmful to leaf spot and anthracnose, and is sprayed with 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder 500 times. Pests are harmful to shell insects, red spiders and coir moths, which can be sprayed with 1500 times omethoate EC.