How does Xiao Shiji make bonsai? Techniques of cultivation, maintenance and management of bonsai with small Shiji mountain piles

The biggest feature of small stone accumulation in Yunnan is that it is evergreen all the year round and has strong vitality. it is conceivable that if you use it to make bonsai, it will be a beautiful scenery all the year round. here are the techniques for the cultivation, maintenance and management of bonsai piles in small stone mountains. relatives who love flowers and plants can learn about it with the editor.

Morphology and habit

Small stone (Osteomelesanthyllidifolia): Rosaceae small stone is deciduous or evergreen shrub, alias black fruit, paste fried beans, rib fruit trees and so on. It is widely distributed in southern Gansu, Sichuan, northern Guizhou, Yunnan and the southeast of Xizang, which are all distributed in hillside thickets or roadside dry areas at an altitude of 1500mur3000 meters above sea level, with strong vitality and adaptability. Even if it can grow well in relatively barren stone crevices, it is one of the good materials for bonsai.

Common small stone deposit in Yunnan, with 7-15 pairs of elliptic, elliptic-oblong or Obovate-oblong leaflets, 0.5-1 cm long, apex acute or protruding, filament receptacle and sepals puberulent or subglabrous, style base hairy. Huaxi small stone is 5-8 (15) pairs, suborbicular, sparsely Obovate-oblong, 0.4-0.6 mm long, apex obtuse or mucronate, filament and sepals pilose, style base glabrous. Small round-leaf stone deposits growing in northern Guangdong (Renhua), Japan, Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands, Philippines and Taiwan (Hongtouyu), slightly different from Huaxi small stone deposits, leaflets 5-8 (15) pairs, suborbicular or Obovate-oblong, 0.4-0.6 mm long, apex obtuse or mucronate, filament and sepals pilose, ovary base glabrous. It is true that some people regard the small stone deposits in West China produced in China as a variety of this species. These three species are indeed related species, but they have their own characteristics in morphology and geographical distribution.

I like the bonsai made by Xiao Shiji very much. Whenever I see it at the exhibition or in the bonsai garden, I will come close and watch it slowly. Watch its wild interest and nature, appreciate its elegance and comfort, experience the creator's ideas and ideas, savor carefully, perceive the miraculous craftsmanship of nature, and the heart is boundless with the scenery, and the so-called skill is nothing more than dressing up for it.

Limited by the living environment and its own attributes, the small stone accumulation in nature has formed a natural posture of only a foot high, ancient age, thick as a sickle handle, and full of tree vicissitudes. The gnawing and trampling of livestock along the mountain road and the cutting and breaking of the load carried by the woodcutter have cultivated its "graceful" beauty. This kind of beauty is free and easy after decades of sharpening and suffering, which is different from the kind of "chic" manipulated by wealth. It is the real chic that The Smiling、Proud Wanderer can see through the world from the bottom of his bones. "there is no difference between high and low trees, people have taste", so I love the small stone accumulation.

In Yunnan, as long as there is a mountain, there is a trace of it. There are not many small stones and large piles, and it is difficult to obtain materials with a trunk diameter of more than 10 centimeters. Tree stumps can generally be transplanted in winter and spring, especially in early spring. Strong germination, seedlings can cultivate jungle or miniature bonsai, resistant to pruning, dense branches, bright leaves, fast shaping. And watch three sights a year. When the new buds grow in early spring, they are vibrant and verdant; in April, the white flowers are like snow in winter, and you can smell a faint fragrance as soon as the winter snow melts. After June, the fruits of the trees are green, red, black, rich and colorful, comforting and admiring. And the fruit can be eaten, leaves and roots can be used as medicine. It has the functions of astringent and antidiarrheal, clearing heat and detoxification, dispelling wind and dehumidification and so on.

Cultivation and management

The roots and branches of small stones can be pruned properly according to their own ideas, and they can be put on the basin directly. When raising piles in the first year, the basin surface can be surrounded by more soil to increase survival. In the second year, the soil surrounding the basin was removed, the original pile blank was exposed, and the unsuitable new shoots were removed. If there are few new branches and buds, they can be pruned without pruning, and then prune and wipe buds when they are old and strong. When the branch grows to the thickness of No. 5 aluminum wire, the branch position can be fixed for the first time. After modeling, more observation should be made, and when the new leaves grow again, thin liquid fertilizer should be properly applied to increase nutrients and promote growth. The small stone is happy with light, and should be placed in a ventilated and ventilated position with sufficient light after survival. Before shaping, try to control the number of flowers and fruits, first keep the branches strong. As long as it is properly maintained, it can be formed or initially formed after 3-5 years. Small stone sprouting power is strong, the more pruned, the more exuberant the growth of new buds, so we should pay attention to erase improper buds to promote the thickening of the remaining branches. The combination of shear and ligation is the most suitable for the finalization of small stones. The coarse branches are pruned to adjust their shape and direction, and the twigs are mainly pruned, which should be pruned frequently and quickly, otherwise they will grow too thick, and the twigs in the back will easily retreat. With the increase of pot age, crab claws, antlers and weeping willows will be developed when the annual work reaches. At this time, a pot of dry Qiu qu, ancient and elegant small stone bonsai can take the stage.

Pest control

There are not many diseases and insect pests in small stones, and there are mainly two kinds:

One is sprouts. It is easy to occur in March-April and September-October, and can be sprayed with cypermethrin and avermectin for 1-2 times.

The second is the most difficult to treat tree tumors. Once it is found that it is necessary to isolate and treat, because the tumor is caused by an infectious mite, it will quickly infect other small stone bonsai, and it is very difficult to treat, which will bring devastating harm to the small stone accumulation. Therefore, it is necessary to start with prevention and control, the location must be ventilated, sunshine is sufficient, and pay attention to the usual water and fertilizer management. Try not to spray water on the branches when watering. If the branches are often sprayed with water, diseases will occur easily. During the peak growth period, carbendazim or methyl topiramate can be sprayed 1-2 times a month, and avermectin can be sprayed together for better results. Those who have formed tumor pimples should be cleaned up with metal or bamboo slices, then smear the affected area with lime water or stone-sulfur mixture, and then apply avermectin or carbendazim after the lime water dries. Once a semimonthly, you have to apply it more than 3 times in order to be effective.

There are many kinds of bonsai, but the editor thinks that Xiao Shiji is the best choice for bonsai material, because it is not only of high ornamental value, but also of strong vitality and easy to feed. Relatives who like bonsai can try it.

How does Yunnan pine make bonsai? Maintenance and Management Technology of Yunnan Pine Bonsai cultivation

I think we all know that the most difficult thing in bonsai cultivation is not whether it can be planted, but how to create bonsai modelling. According to editors, bonsai with good shape on the market are very expensive, so how do we make bonsai modeling? The following editor will tell you about Yunnan pine bonsai cultivation modeling maintenance and management technology.

Yunnan pine, commonly known as Pinus elliottii, Pinus elliottii is a large evergreen tree, Latin name: PinusYunnaensiS. Bark brownish gray or reddish brown, divided into irregular scales or tortoise shells, rarely stacked. Winter buds reddish brown, 3 needles in a bunch, with leaf sheaths, leaves 10 to 35 cm long, soft. The cone is cone-shaped and ovate, and the seeds are winged, which is convenient for wind-borne transmission.

I. Distribution

Yunnan pine is mainly distributed in the east of Xizang, the west and southwest of Sichuan, Yunnan, the west and southwest of Guizhou and the north of Guangxi. Most of them are vertically distributed in the area of 1000-3200 meters above sea level, and they are deep-rooted tree species with strong preference for light. Strong adaptability, resistant to winter and spring dry climate and barren soil, can be born in acid red soil, red-yellow or micro-limestone soil. It grows best in fat, acid sandy loam, north slope or semi-shady slope with good drainage.

2. Domestication and cultivation

According to evidence, the cultivation history of Pinus yunnanensis was in 1922, when it was widely cultivated in Lijiang. However, it has been stuck in the "modeling" stage of the shape of the curved object that obliterates nature. The modern bonsai styling in the real sense is undoubtedly influenced and inspired by the'99 World Expo, benefited from the development of the modern network, and is inseparable from the Yunnan Bonsai Stone appreciation Association.

The growth of Pinus yunnanensis is closely related to its geographical location and altitude. Taking the altitude of 2000 meters as an example, the pine buds began to expand from the beginning of January to the middle of January, and the growth accelerated with the passage of time, and the fastest growth was from mid-February to mid-April. However, the period from January to May is the dry and rainless season in Yunnan, under such environmental conditions, Pinus yunnanensis ushered in a period of vigorous growth, which shows how remarkable its drought tolerance is.

The root system of Pinus yunnanensis is composed of vertical downward main root and multi-stage branched lateral root, which is radish-shaped. The main root can reach the soil layer below 2.5 meters, while the lateral root extends horizontally. In the process of root growth of Pinus yunnanensis, there is also mycorrhizal growth. Mycorrhiza is a symbiote formed by fungi in soil and young absorbing roots of Pinus yunnanensis, parasitic on the roots of Pinus yunnanensis. The huge bacteria enhanced the ability of root system to absorb soil nutrients and water, and promoted the growth and development and drought resistance of Yunnan pine root system.

Domestication and cultivation of Pinus yunnanensis should be carried out in the dormant period, that is, from October to January of the next year, with soil balls pseudo-planted on the ground for one year. After that, it is appropriate to use acid sandy soil to facilitate drainage. Sitting in a pot for two years, aimed at rooting and forcing buds. According to the principle of plant terminal dominance, the operation of forced bud or branch loss was carried out.

III. Pest control

There are many insect pests in Yunnan pine, including Cryptomeria fortunei caterpillar, Simao pine caterpillar, red spider, shell insect and so on. The main diseases are powdery mildew and soot disease. According to mature and safe experience, spray omethoate plus topazine or carbendazim once a month. The dosage is 1 spray pot water and 2 lids of omethoate and carbendazim. Stone sulfur mixture or imidacloprid can also be used. In some reference books, there is a great deal of introduction about the experience of using trichlorfon and dichlorvos to control diseases and insect pests of Pinus yunnanensis, but my personal lesson is to ban these two pesticides.

Four, two varieties

It is generally believed that there are two varieties of Pinus yunnanensis, one is Pinus yunnanensis with fine leaves, and the other is Pinus yunnanensis.

Fifth, modeling method

When Yunnan pine false planting pile basin, we should choose the basin with flat bottom and moderate depth. The pots were laid for 2 years, that is, the stage of root cultivation and forced bud breeding was completed. During this period of time, it is necessary to promote its full development, grow roots radiated on all sides, and carry out the retraction operation of regulating branch loss. There are folk proverbs: dry hair roots, wet hair leaves. Therefore, reasonable and effective water control is the key. Modeling has broken dry to take the bend and slotting to take the bend and not to break the dry to take the bend modeling method. No matter which way is used, the first thing to bear the brunt is to follow the theory of "four different methods" in Chinese painting theory: heavy potential, heavy qi, heavy state. In order to achieve this effect, it is necessary to achieve: the tree must be dried first, and the dry stand will become a lush forest. Translated into modern Chinese: to make a good bonsai, you must first bend the trunk to a reasonable position before you can make branches. Only in this way can we achieve a perfect state. On the contrary, the trunk remains the same, and any change in the branches is meaningless.

It is not the editor's nonsense, good-looking bonsai is really not cheap, if you are interested in potted cultivation, you can talk about the Yunnan pine bonsai cultivation modeling maintenance and management skills shared by the editor.

How do you grow bonsai stumps? Key points of cultivation and maintenance techniques of tree stump bonsai

In recent years, bonsai has been loved by many people, among which tree stump bonsai is one of the bonsai with strong color, so how to cultivate and maintain it? Below, the editor of Huinong Network will talk to you about the key techniques of pot cultivation and maintenance of tree stumps.

The stump should be planted immediately after digging, and the necessary items, such as nutritious soil, flowerpot, branch shears, etc., should be prepared before planting. Tree stump bonsai generally requires soil with good drainage, good air permeability, rich nutrition and rich humus. Planting new piles and forming bonsai can prepare their own soil. The method of making basin soil is as follows.

(1) take 5 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of rotten bean cake residue, 2 parts of rotten cow dung, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of yellow sand or river sand, mix well and use.

(2) the coniferous soil which has been decayed for many years is dug under the pine and cypress trees. The coniferous soil is slightly acidic, loose and permeable, which is beneficial to plant growth, and can be mixed with some garden soil after digging back.

(3) it can also be made of garden soil and leaves. A layer of soil, a layer of leaves, a layer of human dung and urine or cow dung pile up, turn cold in winter, and sift next spring.

The blank had better be planted in a mud basin. Cut off the injured and diseased roots of the stump and disinfect the roots. Rooting agents can be added when conditioned cultivation. Cover and bind the large wounds on the trunk with plastic sheeting, or apply wound glue to prevent the trunk from losing water. The method of planting is the same as that of general potted trees: first put tiles on the basin bottom hole, then add a small amount of nutritious soil to the basin bottom, then put the tree stump on people, add soil around the roots, and constantly press them with their hands until the roots are buried in the soil.

What are the cultivation and maintenance methods of tree stumps?

After the new pile is planted, it is watered thoroughly so that the soil is in full contact with the root system. Then put the stump in a semi-shady environment. Water it thoroughly the next day. Later, the soil should be watered after the soil is dry, but the stump should be sprayed or sprinkled several times a day to reduce the water evaporation of the stem and prevent it from being drained. Pay attention to the amount of spraying water can not be large, try not to make the basin soil too wet, to prevent the soil too wet rotten roots. Too wet pot soil is not conducive to the growth of new roots.

Because the blank will lose some water on the way of excavation and transportation, it should be kept alive at the beginning of the pot. After the growth of new leaves, it can be moved to a place with suitable light for maintenance, and the stump can be gradually moved to a place with better light for cultivation. At the same time of the growth of the new pile, the branches can be left according to the modeling needs, laying the foundation for the future bonsai production.

In addition to the maintenance and management of water and fertilizer, special attention should be paid to the following points:

(1) Protection against cold

This is the key to the survival of the stump. The stump currently planted in autumn and winter has been damaged and lacks cold resistance. If you do not pay attention to cold prevention, it will be extremely difficult for the stump to survive. The ways to prevent cold are put in the greenhouse, build scaffolding or bury the basin in the soil to cover the buried soil to keep warm, as long as the basin soil does not freeze. Because of the strong water absorption capacity of the root system of the newly planted stump, the newly planted stump can not be placed in the greenhouse with higher temperature to prevent the stump from losing water and draining. If the ambient temperature is high, we should pay attention to spraying water on the branches to reduce the water evaporation of the stump.

(2) to prevent the phenomenon of "fake living"

As soon as the newly planted stumps sprout, some people think that they are already alive, so they relax their management. in fact, this is the phenomenon of "fake living". Because the plant itself is nutritious, as long as the environmental conditions are suitable, even if the new root has not yet grown, the branch will grow new bud. At this time, attention should be paid to management to ensure water supply and prevent the stump from losing water. "fake living" is the first step in real life, because these new buds, leaves and branches can carry out photosynthesis, promote early rooting and produce nutrients to improve survival.

Suitable for watering bonsai trees

(1) Tap water most families use tap water. When watering bonsai trees with tap water, it is best to use the water in buckets and tanks for one day.

(2) the domestic water used by residents in remote areas of rivers and lakes and in mountainous areas is mostly river or lake water. When watering bonsai trees with river and lake water, be careful not to water them with polluted river or lake water, otherwise it will be disadvantageous to the growth of trees and may lead to their death in serious cases.

(3) groundwater is used by residents in some areas to extract groundwater, because the temperature of groundwater varies greatly. When watering bonsai trees with groundwater, it is best to put groundwater in buckets and tanks for one day and then use it. When the plant height is about 160 cm, cut and harvest on a sunny day, spread the grass evenly and let the sun shine for 2 or 3 days.