Talking about the method of Plant grafting and the Application of hormone

There are some differences in the grafting process of each kind of plant. today, the editor of Huinong Network will talk with you about the five categories of plant grafting methods as well as the types and properties of plant hormones.

1. Grafting methods (divided into 5 categories)

(1) Root grafting (divided into 3 types)

Main root connection. Cut off the root neck of the main root of the rootstock Qi, then connect the cortex of the edge of the incision with the xylem, and chisel the 4cm deep with a hacksaw blade. The scion is about 10cm long, cut into a wedge, inserted into it, and then wrapped with plastic film.

Lateral root connection. Larger rootstocks, can not move the rootstock, only dig out the tip of the large lateral root, cut off from the appropriate rough place, and then cut the scion, graft it, and then cover the soil and bury it. How many plants can be grafted as many lateral roots can be grafted.

The root tillers are connected. Rootstocks with root tillers can be grafted by branch grafting method on each root tiller.

(2) Branch grafting (divided into 4 types)

High contact (body contact). Cut off the branches of the original tree (rootstock) with a hacksaw as the rootstock, the height of which is equal to that of the body, and the skin layer structure on one or both sides or four sides of the anvil pile is connected with the scion with long 15cm.

Low connection (short connection). The small rootstock can be cut off from the 10cm, and then the base end of the scion about 10cm is cut into a wedge or Maltese shape, and grafted from the cortex at the edge of the cutting mouth of the rootstock.

Leather graft. Use a sharp knife to make an eight-shaped incision in the skin of the rootstock, loosen the cortex on both sides with the tip of the knife, and then graft the cut scion into it, so that the two sides face each other and wrap it up.

Connect on the branch. The branch grafting is carried out on each branch of the large rootstock, and the operation is the same as that mentioned above.

(3) budding (divided into 4 kinds)

Square budding (chimeric budding). Cut the rootstock from the 30cm off the ground, cut off the square cortex showing 2cm2 on the smooth surface of the rootstock, select the healthy buds from the scion tree, cut the square buds of 2cm2 with the buds as the midpoint, embed them on the square cortex marks cut on the rootstocks, and tie them with plastic film.

Flaky budding. First hold the scion upside down, use a small knife to cut the tooth slice from the bud base 3cm, cut the tooth piece from the chest with xylem forcefully, cut the bud base 1cm, then cut the bud slice from the upper bud base 0.5cm, take the bud slice with the left hand, put it in clean water, then cut the cortex from the rootstock off the ground, choose the smooth place, pick up the bud slice, and wrap it up. After survival, cut off the rootstock.

T-shaped budding. Select a smooth place on the rootstock, first cut a knife horizontally, about 3cm, deep to the xylem, and then cut a knife straight from the middle point, the length and depth are similar to the cross cutting, so that the two knives are in the shape of a "T" shape. The cortical layers on both sides of the T-shaped character are draped into the shape of a coat collar with the tip of the knife, and then cut the buds from the scion and connect them, wrap them up.

Inverted T-shaped bud grafting. The cut on the rootstock is inverted T-shaped, and the connection method is the same as that of the T-shaped joint.

(4) lapping (tongue joining)

Cut the seedlings into a Mal-shaped incision from the l0cm off the ground, and then cut the lower end of the scion into the same Mal-shaped, and then put the two Mal-shaped together and wrap it up.

(5) pick up (over-paste)

All kinds of plants can be grafted in this way. The practice is to transplant the grafted plant in one place first, and after survival, choose the place where the stem or branches can be connected with each other, peel off half of the skin with a knife to form a layer that meets each other, and wrap it up, so that you can do all kinds of work. After receiving the work, the large base trunk was selected as the trunk, and the rest was cut to retain the crown, concentrated on one trunk to form a multi-flowered plant.

two。 Types and properties of hormones

In the process of plant growth and development, the formation and physiological activities of plant organs require some trace substances with regulatory effects, which are called plant hormones. There are five kinds of plant hormones that exist naturally in plants: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene. In addition to the natural hormones produced in plants, people mimic the structure of natural plant hormones and synthesize a variety of synthetic compounds with the effects of natural plant hormones, called plant growth regulators. These synthetic plant hormones work by imposing them on plants.

(1) indole butyric acid (IBA)

Indole butyric acid (IBA) is a widely used rooting element with good effect. It is not easy to be destroyed, and the enzyme system of indole-3-acetic acid has poor oxidation and conductivity, so it is easy to be retained in the treated site, which can effectively promote the cell division of cambium and improve the rooting rate.

(2) Naphthylacetic acid (NAA)

Compared with indole butyric acid, naphthylacetic acid (NAA) is slightly toxic, and its high concentration is easy to harm plants. If the ammonium salt of naphthylacetic acid is used instead of naphthylacetic acid, it will be much safer. As long as the concentration is appropriate, the effect is similar to that of indole butyric acid, and the cost is low. Therefore, the ammonium salt of naphthylacetic acid is also widely used to promote the rooting of cuttings.

(3) indole acetic acid (IAA)

Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is not as effective as indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) in practical application. Because IAA is unstable in plants, it will be decomposed quickly in unsterilized solution and can be destroyed by strong light, so indole butyric acid and naphthylacetic acid are mainly used in production.

(4) ABT rooting powder

ABT rooting powder was successfully studied by Forestry Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences. ABT rooting powder is a kind of accelerant for plant cutting, which has the advantages of supplementing exogenous auxin and promoting endogenous auxin. It passed the identification in 1983 and won the Scientific and technological Achievement Award of the Ministry of Forestry in 1984. Practice has proved that ABT rooting powder can be widely used in cutting propagation of many kinds of forest trees, fruit trees and flowers, especially for juniper, cypress, cypress, cedar, larch, hibiscus, crape myrtle, Milan, kiwifruit and so on. ABT rooting powder is not only used in cutting propagation, but also suitable for seedling transplanting to keep alive. It has been widely used in most provinces and regions in China, and good economic benefits have been achieved.

3. The use of hormones

There are two methods for the use of indole butyric acid and naphthylacetic acid: soaking in solution and powder treatment.

(1) solution soaking method

If the reagent is mixed into an aqueous solution, the general concentration of cuttings that are easy to root is 0.005 ‰-0.02 ‰, and for those who are more difficult to root, the solution with a concentration of 0.1 ‰-0.2 ‰ should be used. When in use, soak the base of the segment in solution and lower it in a dark place at room temperature to avoid a large amount of evaporation of branch water. The soaking time is related to the concentration of the medicament. If the concentration is high, the soaking time is short, and the soaking time is long if the concentration is low. For example, the leaves of camellia should be soaked in 0.1 ‰ solution for 1-2 hours and in 0.005 ‰ solution for 24 hours.

(2) Powder treatment. The agent is first dissolved in 95% alcohol, then the prepared alcohol solution is tamped in talc powder and properly heated so that the alcohol is completely evaporated, that is, the powder is formed. When in use, the branch segments soaked in water are dipped in the powder and can be inserted into the seedbed. The concentration of the agent is generally 10 times higher than that of soaking in solution. For example, the effective concentration of powder for sweet potato is 5 ‰, and the concentration of solution is 0.5 ‰ for 12 hours. The effects of the two treatments were the same, and there was little difference in relative drug dosage.

(3) the preparation of ABT rooting powder solution. Dissolve 1g rooting powder in 500g alcohol (95%) in a non-metallic container, then add 500g distilled water or cold boiled water to form a raw solution with a concentration of 0.5 ‰, which is stored in a cool place away from light. When it is used, it needs to be diluted 10 times or 20 times, soaking the base of branches or the roots of seedlings will get the effect of rooting or promoting root development. The cuttings of big branches were soaked in 4Mel for 6 hours, and the soaking depth was about 10cm. The 1-year-old branches were soaked for 0.5 ml for 1 h, and the soaking depth was about 2cm. 1gABT rooting powder solution can treat 3000 Mel 4000 cuttings. The low concentration fast dipping method can also be used to treat rice and vegetable seedlings to promote rapid rooting, so that seedlings can emerge evenly and grow vigorously after transplanting, achieve early maturity and increase production. As long as the ABT rooting powder is used correctly, the cuttings and cutting periods are selected, and the post-cutting management technology is proper, the rooting rate can reach 90% Murray 100%, and the excellent characters of the original seed can be maintained.

The above is the whole content of plant grafting cutting propagation and the application of hormones. Welcome the majority of farmers to HuiNong network to learn!

A brief discussion on the principle of root germination of succulent plants

1. Suitable air humidity, air humidity does not refer to soil moisture, relatively high humidity, such as 99% saturated air humidity, plants can even sprout roots in the air without contact with soil media, many people will fail in humidity, not because of insufficient air humidity (in general balcony environment, 80% in Meiyu season, 55% in normal time, the north may be drier) Therefore, it is easy for plants to propagate successfully by cutting in a closed greenhouse. However, many people walk into another misunderstanding, that is, the soil moisture is high, but the soil moisture is not very high, because the roots do not absorb water or even have no roots at that time, and the soil is maintained for a certain period of time because of the high humidity of the air attached to the plants.

two。 Suitable hormone levels, we often cool and dry plants properly in the early stage, one reason is to heal the wound, the other is to let the plant collapse properly, when the plant collapses, it loses water, but the hormone concentration in the body can be increased, and the root germination needs hormone level. some plant hormone levels are low, need to supplement naphthalene acetic acid rooting powder, such as black jade cuttings properly smeared rooting powder will improve the effect While other plants with high hormone levels that are easy to sprout roots, such as triangular poles, do not germinate when you apply rooting powder, because excessive naphthalene acetic acid has an inhibitory effect.

3. With proper light, we all know that light can promote plant fluid flow and transpiration, but as mentioned earlier, when the light intensity is high, the plant hormone will flow to the top of the plant, rather than the base where it needs to take root, and the light intensity will cause this problem. it is not easy for some plants to germinate, such as twelve rolls and fairy balls, while tequila has a certain light intensity and germinates better, so it depends on the specific species. Light intensity also causes plant transpiration. To put it bluntly, it is dried, so plants that have shrunk to a certain extent, such as Red Stripe Shou (in fact, some people call it Purple Jishou, anyway, the Chinese common name is usually very lax), the level of collapse hormone is enough, and there is no root system to replenish water, and the body fluid is almost solidified, so it seems that the hormone level is high.

4. Suitable for organization, if you take a petal to cuttage, it will definitely not take root, as we all know, but we often think that where we can cuttage, many of them are very difficult to cut, such as the old woody stem. I once rotted more than 40 selected winter stars last year, because I used almost woody old Dongxing plants to cuttage, and after a few months, the base still did not sprout roots, where the plant tissue was too aging. It is difficult to sprout new roots. I also saw a pretty big head in that post. In fact, if these big heads don't have some roots, they are not easy to sprout roots. When I propagated in the greenhouse, this was very obvious. For example, when I propagated in the greenhouse, the roots usually germinated after 2 weeks. But when making the head, it seems that when there are more leaves and are in better condition, it will take a month for them to take root. On the other hand, too small tender tissue will not easily germinate and survive. Although these tissue cells are young and active, these tissues are too small, do not store enough nutrients, and die before they germinate roots, so it is necessary to choose a suitable tissue here. Now we often see 12 small buds under 1 cm or tequila seedlings with 2-3 leaves on the Internet. Please kindly remind us that this kind of seedling is very difficult to bring alive. Even if you survive, the growth recovery period is also very long. For example, if the nail crab bud is 10 cm long, you can make it grow vigorously within 1 year, while if you have 2-3 leaves below 5 cm, you may only see it grow 1-2 leaves a year, and it is still a bud. It is not easy for such a small seedling to survive. If you want it to grow into a specimen plant, you will wait at least 2-3 years longer than the seedling of 10 cm.

5. Good healing, after the wound is cut off, all kinds of bacteria may infect the wound, and when they are seriously infected, the tissue fester. Although you can see that they only have a little infection on the surface, there may already be a lot of internal hyphae. Those bacteria produce toxins and affect healing and germination, so good wound treatment is critical. Infection sometimes has a great impact on germination, and sometimes cuttings do not take root for a long time, or even suddenly rot away. The reason is infection, so the treatment after cutting is very important. after the root tissue and the root system contract and heal or even fall off, the wound left behind is smaller and easier to heal, while the leaf insertion is difficult because the leaf wound is more susceptible to infection. You have to dry the cut tissue, which is different from cuttings. at this time, dry air is beneficial to the safe healing of the tissue. If some plants with a lot of juice, you also need to use paper towels to dry the wound in time. Avoid non-healing and the growth of bacteria and mold caused by the discharge of juice, affecting the wound, appropriate cold-dried plants, and even when their tissues are so cool that they collapse to a certain extent. Cutting is good for twelve rolls and balls.

Finally, a safer solution is provided for the balcony. First, the plant tissue dries until it collapses moderately, then a flowerpot is used to put a little vermiculite in the part of the soil surface in contact with the tissue, because there are few bacteria in vermiculite and less corrupt organic matter. (cutting soil disinfection is actually not recommended, because although the disinfection soil is very clean at the beginning, it may be a big outbreak of mold in the later stage. Because there are no other microbes that inhibit mold, strong mold is the first to patronize. If there are conditions, it is recommended to grow em in the soil. ) then pour water thoroughly, cover the basin with a plastic bag, and remember to blow the plastic bag with your mouth. This breath is very important. High concentration of carbon dioxide is plant food. People with oxygen, water and grass all know that you can wait in a semi-shady place. The success rate of this kind of cutting is very high. It can create a local environment with high carbon dioxide, high air humidity and relatively safe medium, and individual unsuccessful ones can only be attributed to character problems. This probability of failure can not be avoided, including the most professional nursery.

Oh, I don't have a specific explanation on the temperature, of course, the appropriate temperature is actually the temperature of the growing season, and the starting temperatures of various plant growth enzymes are different, so it is difficult to explain them one by one, but there is a principle, winter type and summer type species, cutting temperature and time would rather be too early than too late, that is to say, the temperature is too low rather than too high.

One of the reasons is the high temperature in summer and the dormancy of some winter types, which may cause the plants you cut to begin to recover in autumn, which has a serious impact on the appearance, some of which are even difficult to recover, while the microbial activity in summer is much more active and the probability of decay is much greater than that in early spring, while late autumn is a good time for greenhouses, but for ordinary balconies, especially flower friends in the north, plants will enter hibernation. And the air humidity decreases suddenly, so most plant cuttings are best in early spring or early summer.

The plum rain season is very suitable for plant growth, but in this season, the cuttings of grafting and cutting are easy to rot, because the air humidity is too high, it is difficult for plant wounds to heal, and high air humidity is needed for plant cutting. but cool and dry cuttings need relatively low air humidity to be safer, there is a contradiction here, I generally greenhouse cutting plants, some simply put on the granite table with scattered light If you want to be safer, put it in the air inlet of the greenhouse or outside the greenhouse.

In addition, when the air humidity is higher (such as bagging), the mushrooms in some flowerpots in my greenhouse will grow in the sun, which is due to the imbalance of soil beneficial flora, so I have been recommending the use of em, which has a special soil formula for horticulture, such as "live water" has this special soil formula, and Cuiyun has similar things. Em can inhibit soil macrofungi. Many white hairs are actually the mycelium of mushrooms, which can do some harm to dead tissue and even living tissue.

The greenhouse is actually a high humidity environment, but there will be air convection in this environment. For example, my greenhouse is matched with a ceiling fan. On a cloudy day when the soil is moist, I will turn on the ceiling fan to increase the amount of oxygen in the soil and avoid drowning the root system, which is more simple and efficient than the ordinary balcony environment.

If you create a bagged high humidity environment for cuttings, the soil will be too wet, so the soil moisture needs to be grasped. Sometimes if you are worried about tissue hypoxia and ulceration caused by too wet soil, there are two simple solutions. One is to expose the hole at the bottom of the basin from the bag and pinch the bag to let more air into the soil. The other is to pull out the cuttings regularly and do not move after they have roots. When the cuttings are removed from the soil before rootless, there is enough air for many days so that it is not easy to drown some of the tissue and cause decay.

(reprinted)

Talking about the growth characteristics of black feather jade plants this is a pot of cutting seedlings, you can see in the lower right fish appear red and atrophy, colored fish feel very soft like persimmon, but these are normal, low temperature leads to discoloration of the base, root underdevelopment coupled with low temperature leads to softening, next year will improve itself, will not leave any scars, do not have to worry. This is a pot of successful beheading fish, radish roots, without any hormones, using root-cutting and environmental methods (see point 5 below). It can also be seen that at a colder temperature (- 3 to 10 ℃), the base of each end is red and the main body is yellow, which is normal. Interestingly, because in the early stage, in order to burst the long-headed roots, long after the water was cut off, the small head still had nutrients and water, kept growing in a harsh environment (green growth point), and the base turned red but did not atrophy. After beheading, the main body of the fish no longer has its original growing point and turns yellow after cold, because it is no longer the growing part, so although the root stores sufficient water and nutrients, the modified part still shrinks. And the closer to the ground, the more serious it shrinks into a wrinkled Kraft paper (the whole body will gradually shrink and become smaller later), which is the spontaneous behavior of plants to redistribute nutrients and automatically adjust the plant type. Use nutrients in the most promising places. Third, strong fecundity: the reproductive ability of black jade plants can be said to be amazing, whether it is asexual cutting propagation or sexual pollination seed reproduction is very good and powerful! Many varieties can not only cross within genera, but also succeed in self-pollination or even intergeneric pollination (with the exception of some horticultural varieties, I am afraid they are the products of hybridization!) First of all, asexual reproduction, any variety of black jade plants can be easily chopped, small head to become social, the secret is high humidity, slightly shaded. The ultimate weapon of asexual reproduction is to first graft and fatten the black jade plants with large rootstocks, and then how can a black jade plant become a black jade plant like NN after being cut N times. There has been a saying that black jade plants and triangles are not very compatible. I can easily take over with small triangles, and those who are not at ease can use dragon pillars to improve their success rate. In addition, with sexual reproduction, many black jade plants can self-pollinate, which is also a reflection of their messy lineage, and their offspring can be separated. But there is no doubt that self-pollinated seeds do not pollinate as much as flowers. There is also a little trick, that is, the farther the blood relationship is, the more likely the offspring will be spotted brocade! For example, if a very pure silver crown (such as a wild provenance or a very white skin) and a very pure green skin (such as a wild provenance or a very green skin) are pollinated, the next generation is more likely to produce brocade than the offspring pollinated by silver crown and silver crown or by mutual pollination. Once upon a time, there was a saying that the pollen of the genus black jade was a "panacea", which could lead to the results of some naked calyx and cactus of other genera. Many immortals claimed to have been successful, but I had not tried it myself. This also shows that the black jade plants have strong reproductive ability from one aspect. At least it provides a possibility for the origin of the genus Qiaodan. The picture shows the cross between Silver Crown and Cuiguan, which is far apart by blood, resulting in a splendid black jade plant. Fourth, strong photothermal adaptability: there is no doubt that black jade plants like high temperature, high temperature (30-40 degrees) can make it quickly take root, combined with high humidity can accelerate growth. Adult fish with good roots are less likely to burn (but slow down or stop growing) even at very high temperatures (50-60 degrees) without excessive watering and fertilization. But as mentioned above, in the case of low temperature, black jade plants can also grow and survive, and it is not too picky about temperature. I found that the black jade plants in my family can grow rapidly in two cases: 1, stable higher temperature (30-40 degrees) plus high humidity and stuffy summer growth period; 2, low temperature at night (5-10 degrees) and higher temperature during daytime (20-30 degrees) widen the temperature difference between spring and autumn. The same is true for light, both strong and weak light can grow and survive well, but fish can become very beautiful in strong light, hairy species become more hairy, white varieties become whiter and flatter. Special green varieties, such as some emerald jade, especially need more light, otherwise it is easy to change the shape of the column. Fifth, the growth of the aboveground part is greatly affected by the root: the root of the fish often gives priority to the growth of the ground part, the principle is that nutrients are stored in the root. If you want to carry out troops and horses, food and forage comes first, and fish also know that only when the roots grow bigger, can the ground part have a basis for growth. Some cuttlefish grow up to a certain size and never grow, because this size has reached the limit that the only underground radish root can support. So we cut the radish root in half at this time, and the fish will soon produce many new roots on the cross section of the root. After a few years, the new root will become many radish roots, and the total volume of the root will become larger, and the fish on the ground will begin to grow again. Don't waste the cut root, it will turn into a new group after cutting. If you want a single-headed fish to grow naturally, you can also start from the root. First cut the roots, and then let the fish grow under relatively extreme conditions, so that the fish are more likely to grow roots (just as we like to dig deep holes and hoard food widely when we are going to fight a war). After several fat radish roots have grown, suddenly the conditions become very good, increase water and fertilizer, a growing point on the ground will be too busy, and naturally a lot of small heads will burst out and become mass. So we can see that for fish, the root is a granary, and if it is not for purposeful and planned artistic processing, the fish does not need frequent root pruning, especially the main root. because its old root does not rot away like other balls because of moving a basin or a little damage, it does not need to be repaired every time it is moved. The growth characteristics of the above mullet are all from the summary of experience. If there is anything wrong, you are welcome to criticize and correct it, and hope that more friends can sum up some of their own small experiences and make them public, so that everyone can learn and benefit. The common Latin names of common species of the genus are attached below: 1. Lophophora koehresii Koch Cuiguan, the smallest mullet species, dark green, verrucous angular. (wild species). 2. Lophophora jourdaniana Jordan fish, spiny mullet, red, white and pink, but poor fecundity. 3. Lophophora williamsii black jade primitive species (wild species), there are many regional species. 3.1 Lophophora williamsii var. Decipiens pseudo Silver Crown (wild variety), one of the varieties of black jade, decipiens Latin semantics is pseudo "camouflage". Some businesses call this species "wart silver crown", which is pure nonsense. "wart silver crown" is a characteristic of male cross breeding, and this species is a natural wild variety. 3.2 Lophophora williamsii var. Caespitosa blows black feather jade 3.3 Lophophora williamsii var. Texana (texensis) large mullet 4. Lophophopra diffusa Cuiguan jade (wild species) 4.1 Lophophora fricii silver crown jade (wild species) 5. Lophophora lutea yellow-skinned fish, similar to the "gorgeous muscle" physique, some states will become very yellow. A brief discussion on the growth characteristics of the genus Lophophora is a widely used genus among the cactus species cultivated in families nowadays, which can better adapt to the family culture environment of cactus lovers in various regions of China, and is deeply loved by the majority of enthusiasts and is affectionately called "black mullet". I am also a "fish fan". In the course of cactus culture for several years, I have involved some species of this genus. Through my own exploration and communication with senior immortals, I have summed up some small growth characteristics of this genus, which I hope to share with you. First of all, let's talk about the classification of mullet. Generally speaking, the classification of mullet is quite chaotic. However, through simple visual observation, we can be divided into three categories: black feather jade (Lophophora williamsii), silver crown jade (Lophophora fricii) and Cuiguan jade (Lophophora diffusa). The reason for saying "generally speaking" is that many species of plants of this genus are highly "compatible" and can be crossed within or even between genera, coupled with the fact that the great gods of Fujian and Japan have worked hard to engage in "mating and selection" (Fujian has a habit of keeping bees in the greenhouse. (flowers go up to pollinate in the shed) and "bloodline" (are the names of village owner, Koike and Gutianbei familiar to everyone? They are all random hybrids and then selected strains), and merchants randomly hang some characters for hype. Therefore, the classification system for wild plants of origin can no longer be used accurately, and the real "pure blood plants" on the market are no longer easy to see. However, the lack of a specific classification system does not have much impact on us simple enthusiasts, as long as we are good-looking, as long as we like the name. As for buying seeds, we only need to write down the common Latin names of our favorite plants, and some of them will be listed at the end of the article for reference. Black feather jade has many unique characteristics, which other genera and species do not have: first, the ability of self-repair is strong: black mullet has a strong ability of self-repair, and it can repair all kinds of injuries to a certain extent, and the wound can be fixed after a few months. Especially crush, internal injury (falling from high altitude), slight sunburn, frostbite and other minor skin injuries, even without scars, it's amazing! Although the larger wound can not be completely repaired, it can heal well and it is not easy for the infection to spread. So don't be in such a hurry when you accidentally hurt the fish, the result may not be as bad as you think. There are two examples: the first is a falling fish on the third floor of Tai Sin (even the basin). The fish is deformed (the skin is not broken). It is picked up and fed again, without scars, but it is divided into bulls a year later, and it is estimated that the growing point has fallen apart. The second, more common, is that fish with poor roots are sunburned in a large area (almost all the parts on the ground are no longer green), and the skin is as colored as Kraft paper. after months of good conditioning, a small head emerges from each wart spot, which leads to a mass. It should be noted that injured fish should not be watered, put in a cool place, and do not use medicine, just keep it ventilated and low humidity. Wait until you see the exact new green growth point, and then watering is safer. Second, strong anti-freezing ability: in fact, mullet is very cold-resistant, as long as healthy adult plants with radish roots (balls that have just come from the greenhouse and Japan are classified by me as sub-health, they have nothing to do with the following). The cold tolerance of mullet can even rank among the top of the common cactus. My own fish have tried to run naked at minus 3 degrees, and it's all right. As far as I know, some big immortals have tried lower temperatures, which are also very safe. It is important to note that in spring, autumn and winter every year, mullet softens and shrinks or even turns dark red or yellowish before and after being cold, and the handle can be as soft as dough, especially near the roots. This change is normal, do not think it is not good to cut or pinch to try to feel, when the temperature rises, the shrinking sphere will slowly harden and turn green and round, like blowing balloons. Unbelieving students can try to take the frozen mullet which has become yellow and soft to a heated room and change it back in a week. Another point that needs to be noted is that the earlier the water is cut off, the more hardy the fish will be, and the fish must not be watered at extremely low temperatures, otherwise none of the above is true.