How to cultivate Forsythia suspensa? Cultivation techniques of Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia is a kind of green flowers, flowering flowers gorgeous, ornamental value is very high, its fruit also has good medicinal value, it can be said to gather ornamental and medicinal value in one, the following editor will introduce the planting and cultivation techniques of Forsythia suspensa in detail.

1 growth habits of Forsythia suspensa

1.1 morphological characteristics

Forsythia suspensa belongs to deciduous shrub plant, which has the characteristics of clumping branches. The plant height of Forsythia suspensa is about 3m, the branchlets are mainly yellowish brown, the branches are drooping and arched, and the culm tip is quadrupled and hollow in the middle. The leaves of Forsythia suspensa are opposite, mainly single or compound leaves, and the leaves are mainly oval or oval. The Corolla of Forsythia suspensa is golden, the flower opens before the leaf, the flowering time is about 4 months, the fruit is oval, the surface is yellowish brown, the fruit is woody, the pericarp surface is longitudinally wrinkled, most fruits have small spots, and there is a longitudinal groove on each side, the top is more sharp. The pedicel is about 1.6m long and blossoms in the early spring with strong aroma and bright color. In recent years, Qinghai has become an important producing area of Forsythia suspensa, which has a good promotion effect. Qinghai Forsythia suspensa is mainly planted in forests, valleys, valleys and areas with relatively high altitude.

1.2 growth habits

Forsythia suspensa is a kind of light-loving plant, which has good shade tolerance, warm climate and cold tolerance, so it is suitable to be popularized in Qinghai and other places. Forsythia suspensa has strong adaptability to soil and can grow well in neutral or weakly acidic and alkaline soil. Forsythia suspensa root system is more developed, although the main root is less developed, but the lateral root is longer, and there are more roots. Forsythia suspensa shows strong cold resistance, strong germination ability, fast entry speed, likes to survive in the soil with good drainage and rich humus, and can fully grow on the slope.

2 planting and cultivation methods of Forsythia suspensa

2.1 seed treatment technology

Forsythia seeds should choose plants with strong growth and short branches as mother plants, and single seeds with full fruit and no diseases and insect pests should be selected according to the cold and cool characteristics of Forsythia suspensa. Seed selection of Forsythia suspensa can collect mature fruits in October every year, spread them out in a cool place, shell the seeds after drying, and mix them with wet sand according to the ratio of 1 ∶ 3 during storage. Forsythia should be germinated in the first ten days of March of the following year before sowing, and it can be soaked in a mixed solution of gibberellin and alcohol. When planting after germination, trench should be made on the ridge surface, hole sowing should be adopted when sowing, and the soil should be compacted after sowing to ensure the close combination of seeds and soil. Forsythia seedlings are generally raised in April every year, and the sowing time in winter can be chosen before the soil is frozen, and the seeds of Forsythia suspensa do not need to be treated specially. After emergence, the seedlings are fixed when the seedling height reaches 5cm, and when it reaches 10cm, the soil is loosened and watered. Compound fertilizer can be used in the process of forsythia planting, and the seedlings can be raised gently when filling more than half of the soil to promote the full expansion of the root system. If the soil is too dry when planting, it can be watered properly.

2.2 Land selection and preparation technology

Forsythia suspensa breeding site should be selected with higher terrain. Because of the relatively high altitude in Qinghai area, it is suitable to plant Forsythia suspensa. The key is to choose the leeward and flat land, in order to ensure the growth of Forsythia suspensa, we should choose deep and fertile soil to ensure the drainage of the soil. The soil preparation of Forsythia suspensa should be carried out in autumn, deep ploughing should be carried out before planting, the depth of ploughing should reach 25cm, and fertilization should be done well in the process of soil preparation, such as phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, urea and so on. In the soil preparation, all kinds of sundries should be removed, and the land should be arranged into ridges with high 15cm and wide 120cm, and the width of the ridge and furrow should reach 30cm.

2.3 cultivation and management

Cultivation management needs to strengthen the supervision of the whole planting process of Forsythia suspensa. First of all, in the process of planting and pollination, in order to maintain a good row spacing, the row spacing usually needs to reach 2m and the plant spacing should be kept at 1.5m. The tall plants and dwarf plants were planted in the way of interplant or interrow mixing. Secondly, it is necessary to effectively prevent waterlogging in fertilizer and water management, fertilize reasonably according to the growth situation, and use phosphoric acid and ammonium fertilizer in the growth process of Forsythia suspensa. Third, in order to improve the fruit setting rate of Forsythia suspensa, the method of spraying boron at flowering stage was adopted, and the dosage of various drugs was controlled to effectively prevent the problem of pesticide residues. Fourth, strengthen the work of shaping and pruning at the flowering stage, specifically pruning young and adult trees, cutting off the top slightly when the plant reaches 1m, and leaving four strong branches on the trunk. Adult tree pruning is mainly winter pruning, mainly pruning weak branches, disease and insect branches, etc., in order to shorten the planting cycle, but also can renew aging plants.

2.4 harvesting management

Forsythia is mainly divided into Forsythia suspensa, Fructus Forsythia and Forsythia suspensa. In Qinghai, it is mainly forsythia. The harvest work is mainly carried out in the first ten days of January. Forsythia suspensa is mainly harvested with thick shell, yellow color, no seeds and impurities. It is necessary to ensure that forsythia is harvested without branches, full seeds, and no impurities and mildew.

2.5 Control of diseases and insect pests

Forsythia should also effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the process of planting. The common diseases and insect pests of Forsythia suspensa mainly include leaf spot disease, moth disease, heart-drilling worm and so on. Therefore, Zhuangtieling and other drugs can be sprayed and used in pruning treatment. Foam agent or dipped in cotton to plug borer measures. In order to effectively control the invasion of diseases and insect pests, lime powder and manual killing or physical vibrator can be used to kill diseases and insect pests. In order to improve the effect of prevention and control, necessary preventive management measures should be taken in advance according to the specific conditions during the active period of diseases and insect pests.

In the editor's view, Forsythia suspensa is not only a very good ornamental flowers, but also a very good cash crop, worthy of flowers and plants planted by relatives, you can try yo.

Cultivation and Management techniques of Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia, also known as Huangshou Dan, Huanghua Pole, Yellow Ribbon, Ribbon Dan, belongs to the genus Forsythia of Oleaceae. It is produced in the northern, central and northeast provinces of China, and now it is cultivated in many places. Forsythia suspensa blossoms all over the trees in spring, and its golden branches sway with the spring breeze. It is an important flowering shrub in early spring. Now the key points are introduced as follows, for reference only.

I. morphological and biological characteristics

Forsythia is a shrub, up to 3m high, dry, erect, branches spreading, arch drooping; branchlets yellowish brown, slightly quadrangular, with obvious white lenticels and hollow pulp. Leaves simple or 3-foliolate, opposite, leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4-9cm long, glabrous, apex acute, base rounded to broadly cuneate, leaf margin coarsely serrate. Flowers first and then leaves, flowers often solitary, sparse 3 axillary; calyx lobes 4, oblong; Corolla golden, lobes 4, Obovate-elliptic; stamens 2; there are two kinds of flowers, one stamen longer than pistil, one pistil longer than stamens, the two flowers do not grow on the same plant. The florescence is from April to May. Capsule ovoid, 2-loculed, seeds winged, fruiting June-September.

Forsythia likes light, but has a certain ability to endure shade, it can grow normally in sparse forest, but the number of flowers is not as much as where the light is sufficient; Forsythia suspensa is cold-resistant, and it can be more safe and frozen in northeast provinces; it likes moisture, drought and waterlogging, and grows best in moist soil, but it is not suitable to be planted in low-lying places. Stagnant water is easy to make plants rot roots and die. It is not strict with the soil, and can grow normally in loam, plain sand and light clay, but it grows best in sand loam and plain sand; it has certain saline-alkali resistance and grows well in PH08.8, 0.2% salt.

II. Water and fertilizer management

Forsythia is drought-resistant and likes a humid environment. Watering management should be strengthened in the first three years of planting. In addition to watering the first three water, Forsythia suspensa should also be watered 1-2 times a month according to temperature and precipitation from April to September. July and August are abundant periods of precipitation. The weather is not particularly dry. Water may be watered less or not, and antifreeze water should be watered thoroughly at the end of November or early December. In the following year, thawing water should be well watered at the beginning of March, watering should be controlled during flowering, permeable water should be watered once when new leaves germinate after flowering, and 1-2 times should be watered according to air temperature and precipitation from April to September. The third year should also be managed according to the watering method of the first two years. From the fourth year, thawing water and antifreeze water will be poured at the beginning of March and the end of November every year. During the high temperature period in spring and summer, the water will be watered according to the precipitation, and it will grow in reliable days at other times.

Forsythia likes to be fat, with luxuriant branches and leaves and large and colorful flowers. To fertilize Forsythia suspensa, in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer when planting, we should also apply dried chicken manure or sesame sauce residue at the end of autumn combined with anti-freezing water, apply nitrogen fertilizer once after flowering in the second year, apply phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once during flower bud differentiation in July and August, and apply dried chicken manure again at the end of autumn, and then manage it according to this method every year.

Third, pruning methods

The common plant type of Forsythia suspensa is tufted round head. After the seedlings are planted, the selected main branches are heavily truncated to promote its branching. When pruning in winter, thin and weak branches and roots and tillers sprouting from the rhizome should be removed. For the weak thin and curved branches, the full length of 1x5 can be cut off, only the full flower buds in the branches can be retained, 3-4 erect long flower branches which are heavier at the top of the growing branches can be slowly released, and the rest of the overlong flower branches can be treated by retraction; for long branches, they can be truncated to promote their multiple branches, increase flowering branches, and can also be reserved as regeneration branches.

In addition, Forsythia can also be cut into an umbrella, this plant type in the blooming season breeze blowing, very elegant and free and easy, often used to decorate rocks and so on. When planting, one of the strongest branches is cut short at 40-50cm from the ground, and the rest of the branches are thinned out. The new branches are drawn from the top of the left trunk, and 3-4 branches with more uniform distribution and suitable opening angle are selected as the main branches, and the rest are all thinned, and the remaining main branches are cut short to make more side branches, because the forsythia branches are soft and easy to droop, thus making them into an umbrella shape. After the umbrella shape is basically formed, the roots and tillers should be often removed, the branches should also be removed frequently, and the side branches that are too dense should also be removed to make them ventilated and transparent.

IV. Pest control

The common disease of Forsythia suspensa is leaf spot, which is caused by semi-known fungi. The pathogen first infects the edge of the leaf, gradually develops to the middle of the leaf with the development of the disease, distinguishes the health part obviously, and the whole leaf wilts and dies in the later stage of the disease. The disease began to occur in mid-late May and reached its peak in July and August. the high temperature and humidity weather and dense ventilation were conducive to the spread of the disease. To prevent and cure leaf spot disease, one is to pay attention to pruning, to remove jumbled branches and over-dense branches, to keep the plants ventilated and transparent, and the other is to strengthen water and fertilizer management, pay attention to nutrition balance, and not apply nitrogen fertilizer. In case of occurrence, the disease can be effectively controlled by spraying 1200 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable granules or 50% carbendazim wettable granules every 10 days for 3-4 times.

The common pests of Forsythia suspensa are: wide-winged wax cicada, transparent sparse wax cicada, mulberry shield scale, ivy shield scale, round spot leaf weevil, moth, pine and oak caterpillar, white velvet moth.

If it occurs, spray 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable particles or 1000 times of suspension to kill transparent and wide-winged wax cicadas and wide-winged wax cicadas. During the peak period of nymph oviposition, spray 95% Chesling emulsion 1000 times, or 20% Suke EC 1000 times to kill mulberry white shield scale; spray 3000 times of hyperosmotic phenoxyvir EC in the adult stage of leaf roll weevil Spray 3000 times of Kangfuduo solvent in the larval stage, 3000 times of hyperosmotic phenoxyvir EC in the larval stage of pine and oak caterpillars, and 1.2% nicotine 1000 times solution in the case of serious damage to the moth.

5. Methods of reproduction

The propagation methods of Forsythia suspensa are: sowing, plant division, cutting and striping.

1. Sowing seeds

After the fruit is ripe in autumn, the fruit is collected to dry and beat to get pure seeds. The seeds were packed in a clean cloth bag and stored at 5-10 ℃. In the morning of March the following year, sprouting was carried out. The seeds were soaked in gibberellin alcohol solution of 1 ℃ 2000 for 4 hours, then the dormancy was broken, and then the seeds were fully mixed with wet river sand according to the weight ratio of 1 800. The seeds could germinate in about 30 days at the temperature of 10-20 mol. Then the strip sowing method was adopted to sow the seeds. The width of the border was 150cm, the height of 20cm was high, the depth was 3cm, and the row spacing was 30cm, 4 rows per row. After sowing and covering the soil, trample and press slightly to make the seeds combine closely with the soil, cover the grass curtain to keep the soil moist, and the seedlings can emerge in about 20 days. Transplant was carried out the following spring.

2. Cuttage

After flowering, two-year-old branches were selected as cuttings on strong and pest-free plants. The cuttings were 12-15cm long, the upper cut was flat, the lower cut was horseshoe-shaped, and each cuttage had not less than 3 buds. Soak the lower end of the cuttings in ABT rooting agent solution for 30 minutes before cutting. The row spacing of the cuttings was 10 ⅹ 10cm and the depth was 8-10cm. After cutting, an arch shed was set up on the cutting bed and shaded properly to keep moist. Transplanting can be carried out the following spring.

3. Pressing strip

In spring, the longer branches were pressed down and bent down and buried in the soil with 3-5cm. After enough water, the soil was kept moist, and it could take root in about 2 months. In autumn, it was cut off at the front end of the pressing part, and planted in the following spring.

4. Ramet

After falling leaves in autumn, choose strong and sprouting plants, dig them up, split them with a sharp knife, and transplant them with soil.

Forsythia: cultivation techniques and Application

One; morphological characteristics

Forsythia is a deciduous shrub with a height of up to 3 meters. The stem is erect, the branches are hollow, often drooping, and the internodes are hollow without marrow. Leaves opposite, stipitate, ovate, margin serrate, tip pointed, base rounded or cuneate, some forming Ternate-pinnately compound leaves. The first leaf blossoms, 3 bright yellow flowers, axillary, 4-lobed petals, long oval petals. Capsule ovate, 2-loculed. Seeds have wings. The florescence is from April to May and the fruiting period is from June to September. There are many varieties of forsythia, such as Forsythia suspensa in Northeast China, Forsythia suspensa, Forsythia suspensa and so on.

2. Cultivation methods

one. Culture: the common culture methods of Forsythia suspensa are sowing, ramet and cutting. ① sowing: collect forsythia seeds from August to September in autumn, select ripe fruits, dry them, beat them, and remove impurities to get pure seeds. Stored under the condition of 5 ℃ and 10 Mar, it began to sprout around March 10 of the following year (there are still 25 Murray and 35 days before sowing). The method is that the seeds are soaked in 1: 2000 gibberellin alcohol solution for 4 hours to break dormancy, and then fully mixed with wet river sand according to the weight ratio of 1: 2000, and then germinated in about 30 days under the temperature of 10m / 20Y. Then the strips are sown into daily-prepared beds with a width of 120 cm and a height of 15 cm, with a depth of 2 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm, each with 3 rows. Watering and weeding in time can grow to 60ml 90cm in the same year. ② ramet culture: before freezing at the end of autumn, cut the five branches of Forsythia suspensa and 3Mel into a group, cut them vertically from the mother plant, soak them with rooting powder solution for 3 minutes, immediately plant them in the pit prepared by people, and pour water thoroughly through the winter. Can also be in the spring April soil layer open about 35 cm, according to the above method split, transplant. ③ cuttage culture: after flowering, the vigorous biennial branches on the mother plant of Forsythia suspensa were cut from the root and cut into 35ml / 40cm segments. The lower end of the morphology was soaked in rooting powder solution for 10cm for 20 minutes, and then inserted into the prepared bed according to the plant spacing of 10cm and row spacing of 25cm. Use iron bar or bamboo as a bow-shaped bracket, covered with plastic sheeting, properly shaded and watered. The survival rate is more than 95%. It can be transplanted in the second year.

two. Management: forsythia is a temperate plant, sexual like warm, humid climate, but also very cold-resistant, like light, slightly resistant to shade; soil requirements are not very strict, can withstand drought and barren. It can grow normally in neutral, slightly acidic or alkaline soil. The plot with sunny and good drainage should be selected during cultivation, and 2 kg of farm manure should be applied in each hole, and there is no need for topdressing later; under special circumstances, if there is a phenomenon of weak growth, stable manure can be applied to the root after defoliation and water can be irrigated after application. After flowering, the withered and overdense branches should be cut off to promote more new branches; the senescent branches can be cut off and renewed from 10 to 20 cm from the ground during the dormant period. Forsythia has strong bactericidal and insecticidal ability, and there are few diseases and pests.

At present, there is a shortage of forsythia in the medicine market, and the price is rising. Farmers can make use of barren mountains and return farmland to forest land for planting in a large area, which can not only harvest traditional Chinese medicine, but also afforest the barren mountains.

III. Application

1. Medicinal: forsythia slightly cold, bitter taste, the function is to clear heat and detoxification, detumescence and loose knots, mainly used for the treatment of fever upset, erysipelas, carbuncle swelling, thick bubble sores, sores, scrapes and other diseases. Forsythia fruit contains forsythol and other ingredients, Forsythia suspensa decoction has a strong killing effect on a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, forsythol has the greatest efficacy in killing Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysentery, and has a strong inhibitory effect on influenza virus. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine often uses Forsythia suspensa combined with other Chinese herbal medicine to treat breast cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer and so on. Forsythia can be processed into a variety of proprietary medicines, tablets or capsules, such as Yinlian jiedu pills.

2. Watch: forsythia has ten flowers in the early spring, and a string of bell-shaped flowers hang all over the branches, just like yellow ribbons, golden and dazzling, suitable for planting in parks, schools, courtyards, hotels, tourist areas, houses, roadsides and other places. It can be planted alone or in pieces. If it is planted with the elm leaf plum, brocade belt and lilac which is similar to the flowering period, it is red, yellow and pink intertwined, with strong color contrast, bright and dazzling, and is loved by the public.

three. Edible: forsythia seed can extract edible oil.

4. Beauty: forsythia flowers and unripe fruits, boil for 20 minutes after collection, wash your face with this water in the morning or before going to bed every day, it has a good effect of sterilization, acaricidal, cosmetic and skin care. Long-term use can eliminate facial chloasma class, butterfly spots, reduce acne and wrinkles.