A brief discussion on the maintenance and management skills of bonsai cultivation of Xielan in Yunnan

Sharp-leaf sweet clover olive is characterized by evergreen four seasons, and luxuriant branches and leaves, is one of the bonsai trees, the main point is that it is easy to cultivate, the following are the maintenance and management skills of the bonsai cultivation of sweet clover olive arranged by Xiaobian, hoping to help all farmers.

Sweet clover has dense branches, bright leaves and beautiful tree shape. it has the characteristics of fast growth, longevity, resistance to pruning, strong tooth sprouting, strong adaptability, high heat resistance and good cold resistance. It is one of the most characteristic and representative bonsai tree species in Yunnan.

Cultivation, maintenance and management skills of bonsai in Mu Xilin, Yunnan

I. Fast-growing nature

Sweet clover olive can be propagated by cutting seeds and branches. The branches with 2-3 nodes, 5-10 cm long, are cut from March to October, given full light and short-time spray, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%. The seedlings of 1mm and 2mm have been planted for 5 years, and the dry diameter can reach 5cm, which is very suitable for the mass production of bonsai, so as to protect the ecological environment and promote sustainable development.

Second, strong sprouting power

Scutellaria angustifolia has strong sprouting power. In most areas of Yunnan, it can be planted and transplanted in January and October every year, and it can be planted with bare roots. The old stem breeding also has a higher survival rate. Its branches and roots will have clusters of buds, at this time, in order to ensure the survival rate of the tree, it is best not to sparse buds, wait for the new buds to grow to about 30 days to form branches and buds, and then according to the shape and pile bad needs.

Third, strong adaptability

The original places of sweet clover olive are mostly karst landforms, and there are more tropical and humid river valleys, but they are also distributed in mountainous areas with an altitude of about 2800, such as Lituo Mountain in Mengzi area, Yunnan Province, about 2300 above sea level. There are branches in the whole Nanpan River Basin, Red River Basin, Wujiang River, Jinsha River and other river valleys. After artificial planting and landscaping application, it has been expanded to Liangguang area, and can grow and breed well. At the beginning of 2016, there were no large-scale deaths in most parts of Yunnan with a low temperature of-6 ℃ and 10 °C. It can also fully adapt and grow in the subtropical and marine climates of Guangxi and Guangdong.

IV. Key points of cutting and training and styling

There are many evergreen trees with unparalleled characteristics, such as the wood is as strong as iron, and it has been burned, crushed by falling stones, and cut down in nature to form natural branches, which can not rot for a hundred years and form an old spicy tree state in which the trees are withered and prosperous. Making use of this tree property, the lower part of the tree stump can be deeply cut according to the needs of tree modeling in the process of cultivation.

When cutting the stump branches, we should carefully observe the growth point of the tree itself. As long as a section is in place, it can generally sprout in place. It is best to seal the section with paraffin wax, and it can also be sealed with plant healing agent to lay the foundation for viewing in the basin later.

The best culture soil for growing pile is the mixture of red soil and rotten leaf soil. When planting, it is appropriate to plant high cover soil shallowly. When the branch buds grow to 60 cm and 80 cm long, the high cover soil should be divided into 1 and 2 times to prevent the formation of high floating roots. Except for the high float eradication modeling, all should be cut off.

In the modeling of Xilin, I not only draw lessons from the technique of cutting and storing branches of Lingnan bonsai, but also sum up the method of directional storage of wire for the first stage, and the growing point of the leaves of the second and third branches. As a result, the cultivation time of the second and third branches is shorter, the branch angle is better, and the stump is formed earlier. When the length of the opening bud is 30cm to 50cm, the twigs are artificially drawn to determine the direction, and at the same time, they can also be fixed with metal wires. during the peak growth period, the wire can be released after about 40 to 50 days, so as not to sink the wire. After releasing the wire, the growing point should be supported by a bamboo stick in time to make it straight up, so that the growth rate of the branch will be faster and balanced, and the phenomenon of branch loss will not occur.

During the growing period, branches can grow up to 2cm in diameter in a year, and branches that need large diameter can be cut to 70% for 2 ~ 3 consecutive years, and then cut and stored over and over again, continuous storage of third-and fourth-grade branches, and then fine cutting, fertilizer control, water control, accelerate the aging of branches, and achieve satisfactory results.

5. Applicable techniques and management in styling

In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests such as scale insects and soot disease, light and ventilation should be strengthened and branches and leaves that grow too dense should be thinned in time in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of scale insects and soot diseases.

Change the soil every 2-3 years and use slightly acidic soil with good drainage. When turning the basin and changing the soil, the old root and diseased residual root of the original plant can be cut off, and the high floating root can be greatly trimmed and straightened out, which lays the foundation for the next step of root refining. In order to speed up plant growth, can be on the big fertilizer, but avoid flooding, to achieve dry and thoroughly irrigated, can not be stagnant water. Otherwise, light will affect the growth, heavy will kill the plant, in order to accelerate the growth of directional branches, it can enhance the light of directional branches, increase the growth space, put more branches and leaves to grow, and get twice the result with half the effort.

The old state of branches can be cultivated by cutting longitudinally to the xylem or by manual kneading. In the modeling, a reasonable layout should be made according to the changes of dots and lines in traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy and the details such as leaving blank. I myself have some experience on the corresponding angle of the trunk and branch of the tree: for example, the sharp angle of the branch is taken, and the front point is left blank. Floating branches look at the trunk, folding before and after bending. The dry branches come out of the dots and lines, and the scene comes out of sight. The branch potential space back big branch one side moves the branch, the support branch should be upward, must avoid both sides big branch and the moving branch. The front branch should be short and fine, the side and back should be left blank, and the big float should be matched with the trunk, but also pay attention to the point line.

According to the editor, of all the family greening flowers, bonsai is the most expensive. Although the bonsai planting method is simple, bonsai modeling is very difficult to manage. The above are the maintenance and management skills of bonsai cultivation in Yunnan. Parents who are interested in bonsai can collect them.

Knowledge of maintenance and management of lilac bonsai

Lilac (Syringaoblata) is a deciduous shrub of Syringa in early spring, which is resistant to drought and cold, likes sunshine and half shade. It is widely cultivated in North China, Northeast and Northwest China. In recent years, it has been moved into the basin for cultivation and ornamental. Lilacs usually blossom in early spring. If properly managed in pots, they can blossom twice and remain in bloom in the coming year.

1. Maintenance and management

Place: cloves like light, usually should be placed in a place with plenty of sunshine and air circulation. However, it is necessary to give a little shade in summer, and high-temperature sunburn is disadvantageous to the growth of potted cloves. In winter, the pot is buried in the outdoor sunny place or in front of the indoor windowsill.

Watering: usually keep the basin soil moist and dry, do not be too wet. High temperature in summer should be watered once in the morning and evening, and less watering should be done after autumn to facilitate dormancy and overwinter.

Fertilization: use rotten cake fertilizer as base fertilizer in winter, and apply cake fertilizer and water every half a month after germination in spring to promote flowering. Summer should also be properly fertilized to facilitate flower bud differentiation and maintain more flowers in the following year. Less fertilizer and water after autumn, too much fertilizer, which is harmful to development.

Pruning: cloves in the growing period, branches and leaves are too dense, should be pruned in time, not only does not interfere with the tree, but also conducive to ventilation and light. When you enter the dormant period after autumn, it is necessary to properly trim, cut off overgrown branches, overlapping branches and cross branches, so that nutrients are concentrated and more pregnant buds are pregnant.

Turn the basin: turn the basin every 2-3 years, combine turning the basin, trim the root system, remove part of the old root and over-long root system, remove the old soil and replace it with newly cultivated soil to facilitate the development of root system and propagation of leaves and flowers.

Pest control: cloves in the case of too wet, easy to produce root rot, light stop growing, heavy withered to death. Clove common pests are domestic antler longicorn beetles, damage to branches, as well as coir moth, diamondback moth, aphids and so on. It can be killed with 40% dimethoate 1500 times liquid spray.

2. Watch

The lilac is beautiful, the flowers are purple and fragrant. Using lobular privet root pile as rootstock to graft cloves into bonsai, with ancient dried flower branches, complement each other, the most ornamental.

Key points of initial modeling, maintenance and management of white wax bonsai

Initial modeling and maintenance of white wax bonsai

1. Botanical characteristics of White Wax

Fraxinus mandshurica belongs to Melilotus, a plant of the genus Euphorbia. Jingshan, native to western Hubei, is a deciduous tree with a height of more than 30 meters. Young and mature bark is smooth, light grayish green, middle-aged and old bark has longitudinal dark gray wrinkles. The branches are strong in germination and resistant to pruning. The tree is resistant to drought, moisture, high temperature, fertilizer and sunshine. It can be cultivated in open field in the south of Beijing. Suitable for neutral and weakly acidic soil, PH value 5-7, by sowing and cutting culture.

Second, the treatment and cutting culture of the lower mountain pile of Jie White Wax.

Far from the stumps of white wax trees purchased from the producing area, our mountain people dig in winter and early spring. The local cultivation and excavation time can be excavated except from the middle of June to the middle of August. The general protection measures of mountain people in mining and transportation are poor, although this tree species has strong vitality, in order to obtain a higher survival rate, it is still necessary to pay attention to its different degrees of dehydration. First of all, the cut pile should be put in place at once. The root of this tree species is easy to take root, and the saw of root diameter 200mm can still send out fibrous roots, so all roots and branches that hinder potting and shaping in the future should be sawed off decisively. Secondly, it is necessary to absorb enough water, and if possible, it is best to soak the root upright in water with rooting agents (such as rooting powder, vitamin B12). The treatment time is based on the instructions for the use of rooting agents. Or the whole pile is soaked in clean water for a day and night, and then planted in a sand bed for maintenance. The old piles and cut-dry piles with buried depth above 20cm and dry diameter larger than 20cm should be deepened properly. Row pile distance: the distance between medium piles should be more than 0.5m and that of large piles should be more than 1m. This makes it easy for the branches to stretch, otherwise the branches cover each other, which is disadvantageous to the growth and pruning operation. Again, after planting should be full of water, so that sand and root gap close contact, usually keep the sand bed moist, often sprinkle water on the tree trunk. If you use 30% Murray 50% sunshade net protection, the effect will be better. In general, it will sprout in late spring and early summer. The Beginning of Autumn can remove the sunshade net in early August to make it enjoy the sunshine. From the end of April to the beginning of May, if there is still an ungerminated stump, scrape its bark with a knife. If the top skin is still emerald green instead of withered yellow, it can be pulled out of the sand bed. After soaking in clean water for one day and night, sand is planted in half-yin and half-yang for maintenance, which can still promote germination and survival.

In order to protect the ecological environment, sowing and cutting culture are advocated. Sowing is suitable for large area breeding, which can be done with reference to garden technical materials. It is easier for bonsai lovers to breed with cuttings, which is carried out in winter and spring. Use annual strong branches, cut 10cm-15cm long before germination, insert it in sand bed, shade properly, and often water to keep sand bed moist. It can take root in more than 30 days. It can be transplanted to the field for cultivation in the middle of May, and it can also be planted in summer and autumn, but it must be shaded, keep the sand bed moist, and the management is a little more difficult.

Third, fixed branches and shaping of white wax stump.

The new buds sprouted in the first year should be dealt with according to the strength and weakness of the sprouting branches of each stump.

For prosperous trees, generally after the Beginning of Autumn in early August, when most of the branches grow above 40cm, fix the branches and leave the branches in line with the modeling direction, leaving 1-2 branches from the raw branches, and the rest will be removed. If you find that there are no branches in the parts that need to come to the branches, you can use the excess branches in the lower part of the trunk to connect with the missing branches, and the lower part should be pulled in place with rope or aluminum wire. At this time, it is best not to tie up the shape by winding. As a result of the node white wax branch thicker faster, a little careless, it will sink silk, affecting the beauty and growth of the first-class branch. Urea fertilizer was applied to every square meter of 10g-20g according to the pile area every other week after setting branches to promote the thickening of new branches. Because white wax can grow when the daily average temperature is more than 15 ℃, as long as the new pile has sufficient water, fertilizer and sunlight, the diameter of the base of the vigorous branch can reach more than 20mm from the same year to before frost. Therefore, the terminal branch should be pinched first to control its length (the commodity post of rapid prototyping can cut the first branch and the second branch at the end of the year). The branches that need to be thickened at the bottom and other parts are allowed to grow. It should be observed at any time in the process of management, and it is found that the extra branches sprouting at the base of the dry branches should be erased in time, otherwise the crazy branches will grow suddenly, consume nutrients in vain, and affect the growth and thickening of the set branches. After the frost leaves fall, it can be served in the basin. Dig out the pile material from the sand bed, shake off the gravel from the root, cut off the overlong root, cut the branch shape, plant it according to the size of the pile, fill with nutritious soil, and the shallow basin should be surrounded so as not to expose the fibrous root to the surface of the basin. Finally, we should pour enough water and strengthen the management of overwintering. If the sand bed is not in a hurry to be used, it can be pruned in winter, and it is better to put it on the basin on the eve of germination in spring.

For weak trees, although they sprout and branch, but the roots do not grow and grow sparsely, they should continue to be cultivated in the plant sand bed and put on the basin again after the roots and branches grow flourishing in the second year. Do not rush to prune the pot, affecting the survival rate.

Fourth, the shape of the white wax branch.

White wax is a fast-growing tree species with exuberant growth. after one year's cultivation and pruning of basal branches, most of the branches can be pruned and stored in the second year, except for a few terminal transitional branches, floating branches and falling branches which are specially lengthened and thickened. In the initial stage, the first and second branches are mainly tied (pulled), supplemented by shearing, and in the later stage, after the branches are basically formed, they are mainly sheared, supplemented by pulling, and generally pruned by pruning techniques that go up first and then down, suppressing the strong and helping the weak. First up and then down: that is, the upper part of the tree is cut first, then the middle branch is cut after a period of time, and then the lower branch is cut every few days. For the same branch, the ascending branch is cut first until the parallel and descending branches are thicker than the upper branches. To suppress the strong and help the weak, the strong and strong branches in the upper part should be cut for several days first, and then cut when the weak branches grow to a certain thickness. Objective to match the thickness of the branch to its position.

For particularly prosperous trees, in addition to the usual attention to control, can be carried out to remove leaves and cut branches.

After Frosts Descent in autumn, the leaves withered by frost and the branches were exposed, which was very advantageous to observe the trend of the branches (pieces), interspersed back and forth, high and low, and position shape. At this time, the branches can be carefully trimmed and tied. Can be cut in place with scissors to complete, cut not in place, can be wound with aluminum wire bending pull in place; some branches too high or direction, position is not good, with aluminum wire or rope pull in place. The opposite branch and the frog leg branch should be paid special attention to; the opposite branch should be staggered and cut off on the fixed branch and the first and second branch; the frog leg branch can be cut short or changed into an inflection branch at the same time.

5. fertilizer and water management and pest control of Jie white wax bonsai

The management and maintenance of white wax bonsai can be summarized as "big water, big fertilizer, big sun". Big water: that is, there must be sufficient water, wet is better than dry; big fertilizer: thin fertilizer is applied frequently in the growing season, in order to facilitate tree absorption and avoid waste of fertilizer liquid, it is appropriate to apply fertilizer once every 5-7 days. The fertilization time is generally carried out when the basin soil is dry in the afternoon on a sunny day, and the leaves are watered after application. When the pot is wet in cloudy and rainy days, the root is not easy to breathe, and the root is not easy to absorb after fertilization. Even in sunny days, as long as the moisture keeps up, it can sprout and grow in 38 ℃-40 ℃ high temperature and strong sunlight, and the branch tips rarely have the phenomenon of self-cutting, so it can be seen that its adaptability is particularly strong. The easiest way to judge whether it is short of water, fertilizer and sunlight is to observe the sprouting of its new shoots: when there is plenty of fertilizer, water and sunshine, the branches from the tops are strong, the twigs and leaves are purplish red and turn green gradually; when they are insufficient, the branches are thin and weak, and the young leaves are light green.

Cake fertilizer and water must be applied 5-7 days before picking leaves and cutting branches, and new buds will sprout three days after strong cutting in the peak growing season. After the new buds sprout, cake fertilizer and water should be applied again. When the ratio of water and fertilizer is 8:1, the branches tend to be plump, and the number of pruning can be increased appropriately.

Except for the alkaline soil and long-term sprinkler irrigation tap water, the leaf chlorosis has not been seen by other bacteria at present. Chlorosis should be irrigated with ferrous sulfate according to 1RU 400 in water and then irrigated once every other week for 3-5 consecutive times.

In recent years, two kinds of insect pests have been found: one is thrips, the larval system is about 1.5mm, which often harms the unfolded new leaves in spring, making the edge of the leaves curl out, making the tips of the new buds shrink into a ball, and the heart leaves gradually wither. After discovery, the enemy should be used in time to kill 800-1500 times, or dichlorvos 80% EC 1000-1500 times, or latent insect kill 1000-2000 times spray, or after the larval damage period, remove the roll of diseased leaves and fallen leaves, promote the development of new leaves, that is, return to normal. The other is the cotton blowing scale and the red wax scale, which is harmful to the trees with insufficient sunlight and weak tree potential, which is harmful to the branches and sucks the tree sap. The larvae can be sprayed with 2000 times of permethrin during the peak hatching period of May-June and September-November, and it is best to use manual disinfestation when the pest has just occurred.

Jie White Wax is a new bonsai tree species that has been widely developed and utilized in recent years, and its modeling and maintenance methods are still being explored and tested. The climatic conditions are different in different places, the stereotyped direction of the works is different, and its methods and performance characteristics will be different. Other bonsai friends, if you have more successful experience, you can exchange and discuss with each other. There are some inadequacies in this article, and I hope you will not hesitate to comment. Let's work together to improve our skills and pursue innovation in order to carry forward the traditional bonsai art of the Chinese nation.