How do pests harm flowers? Main damage modes of flower pests

In the last article, we introduced the common pests in the process of potted soil flower culture. We all know that pests do great harm to flowers, seriously threatening the reproduction, growth, flowering, fruiting and ornamental value of flowers. Nowadays, pests have become one of the main enemies of family flower cultivation and flower production. However, many flower lovers still can not accurately understand the harm of pests, so, how do pests "harm" flowers?

Generally speaking, the harm of pests to flowers can be divided into three aspects: feeding harm, non-feeding harm and spreading plant diseases.

1. Feeding hazard

Pests can directly damage the roots, stems, leaves, buds, fruits and seeds of flowers, forming different forms of damage. Due to the different mouthparts and feeding parts of insect pests, there are many ways of damage, which can be summarized as follows.

(1) eating by mouth

Pests eat the leaves to form notches, holes or eat up the leaves, leaving only petioles and veins, which seriously affect the growth, development and ornamental of flowers.

(2) nesting with rolled leaves or patched leaves

Leaf curl moth larvae often curl their leaves and hide them for food damage; Dendrolimus punctatus larvae spin silk and build nests, and feed in groups, causing leaves to curl and destroy the normal growth of tender shoots and leaves.

(3) latent leaf

The larvae feed on the leaves between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves, forming a winding tunnel.

(4) drilling

Longicorn beetle larvae drill into a tunnel in the xylem of the branches of flowers and trees, causing food damage, and the flowers and trees age and die early after being victimized, as shown in the picture.

(5) puncture and aspiration

Chlorotic spots or yellowish-brown spots appeared on the injured site, tender leaves curled, fruit deformed, and even the whole plant withered.

(6) galls

Galls are formed in the roots, stems, leaves and other parts of the plant due to the invasion or oviposition stimulation of some pests, which affect the ornamental effect.

2. Non-feeding hazard

This kind of damage is often manifested in flowers and trees as spawning injury and soil drilling injury.

(1) oviposition injury

The adult cicada lays eggs in the tissue under the stem and branch epidermis, destroying the flower and tree transport tissue, causing branches and young trees to wither. The picture shows the eggs on the leaves.

(2) drilling injury

Mole cricket drilled in the soil to form many tunnels, so that the seedling roots were separated from the soil and died, resulting in a large number of lack of seedlings and dead seedlings.

3. Spread plant diseases

Many plant viruses are transmitted by pests. Wounds caused by pests open the door for certain pathogens to invade. In addition, honeydew from aphids, whiteflies, scale insects and other pests contaminate the leaves, which can easily lead to the occurrence of coal fouling disease.

The above is the Huinong net Xiaobian about the harm of pests to flowers, flower friends must improve the awareness of control, in the face of pests, early prevention and control!

Control of main pests in Flowers

First, aphids. Aphids, also known as armyworm, occur all the year round, usually at a temperature of about 29 ℃, with the fastest reproduction. Most of them gather on the buds, young leaves or twigs of the plant, sucking the juice endlessly, harming the bud heart and petals. Prevention and control methods: 1. Use 50 grams of fresh chili or dry red wine pepper, add 300 to 500 grams of water, boil for about half an hour, and spray the damaged plants with its filtrate. 2. Use washing powder 3 to 4 grams, add 100 grams of water, stir into a solution, spray 2 times continuously for 3 times, the prevention and control effect is up to 100%. 3. Use the "wind oil essence" to add water 600 to 800 times the solution, and carefully spray the insect pests with a sprayer to make the insect body stained with potions. Second, red spider. Red spiders, also known as short-whisker mites, are pests that specifically harm flower leaves and flowers. Wild elm, sparrow plum and five-needle pine in bonsai are also vulnerable to red spiders.

The body of the red spider is the size of a needle, crimson or purplish red, only red dots can be seen with the naked eye, and orange transparent globular eggs can be seen under a magnifying glass. Its larvae are often clustered on the leaf backs and seedlings of some flowers and endanger the plants by sucking juice from the sucking mouthparts. In the initial symptoms, the leaves lost chlorosis and the leaf margin rolled upward, resulting in scorching and shedding, causing bud atrophy in the early stage and plant death in severe cases.

The red spider has 7 or 8 generations a year, and the damage begins from March to April every year, and the damage is serious from June to July. After the end of April, the plants should be checked frequently. Under the condition of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation, red spiders reproduce very fast, which is one of the important causes of plant death. Control methods: 1. Soak citrus peel with 10 times water for 1 day and night, then spray plants after filtration to control aphids and red spiders, such as watering flowers to control nematodes in the soil. 2. 15 grams of washing powder, 15 milliliters of 20% caustic soda, 7.5 kg of water, spray after mixing, 1-2 days later, the mortality rate of adult mites and young mites of red spiders was 94% and 98%. 3. Light a plate of mosquito-repellent incense, place it in a pot of diseased plants, and tie it tightly with a plastic bag. After smoking for about an hour, both eggs and adults can be killed.

Third, scale insects. The shell worm's body is wrapped in a horny carapace, and it is not easy to be effective by spraying it directly with medicine. Like blood-sucking lice, it absorbs the sap of the plant and causes great harm to flowers and trees. The injured plantation not only grows poorly, but also produces yellowing leaves, early defoliation and other phenomena. Control methods: 1. Mix liquor with water, the proportion is 1 ∶ 2, and pour through the surface layer of basin soil when controlling insects. The scale insects begin to move when the room temperature is 7 ℃ in spring, and can be irrigated once in April, and then once every half a month or so, and 4 times in a row. 2. After soaking small cotton balls in vinegar with 50 ml of vinegar, gently wipe the damaged stems and leaves with wet cotton balls to wipe off the shell insects. This method is convenient and safe, which can not only achieve the purpose of disinfestation, but also make the injured leaves turn green again. 3. If you wipe the diseased plant gently and repeatedly with alcohol, you can get rid of the shell worm.

Group Control methods of main pests in Garden Flowers

1. Soil pests (also known as underground or root pests): the soil cultivated by flowers is rich in organic matter, loose texture, good ventilation and water retention. The ecological conditions of these soils are also the most suitable for the survival and reproduction of soil pests. Flowers such as daffodils, lilies, orchids, dahlias and cyclamen are often harmed by root mites, nematodes, jumpers, and carnation, chrysanthemums and annual or biennial herbaceous flowers are often harmed by grubs, mole crickets, ground tigers and so on.

Prevention and control methods: in addition to paying attention to soil hygiene and soil disinfection.

You can choose:

①, 7051 insecticidal (avermectin avermectins): 2000ml 3000 times solution, spraying soil, it is effective against root mites, nematodes and many kinds of soil pests.

②, diazinon (diazinon): 500~l000 double liquid, spraying soil, has a good control effect on harmful mites and pests.

③ and aldicarb: 500-1000 times liquid, which has control effect on many kinds of soil pests such as rodent.

④, Miral 3G 3% granules: can be applied into the soil or removed from the rhizosphere of lawn grass, has high efficiency on mole cricket, grub, etc., and has a special effect on killing nematodes; it has a wide insecticidal spectrum, has internal absorption, and is mainly used to control lawn pests with low toxicity and can replace carbofuran (carbofuran).

⑤, phoxim 50% EC: add water 1000murl 500 times, sprinkle the rhizosphere of damaged plants, such as 23cm pot (7 inch basin), 100ml-200ml each time, can effectively control the harm of grubs and ground tigers.

⑥, tea seed cake water: 1 part of tea seed cake powder, 15 parts of water, soaking for two days and nights, filtering out cake residue, pouring, it is very effective to many kinds of soil pests, including earthworms. Stir-fry the wheat bran, then dissolve the trichlorfon with a small amount of hot water, stir with the wheat bran, dry and wet moderately, pinch with the hand (wear rubber gloves), do not see water overflow in the fingers, and the hand is loose and can withdraw to the rhizosphere soil surface. This is very effective for ground tigers and mole crickets.

two。 Greenhouse pests: the ecological conditions of greenhouse are relatively special, such as high temperature, small temperature difference, large humidity, small air flow, more food and few natural enemies. The common and harmful pests in greenhouse are scale insects, aphids, leaf mites, rat women, horse land, conical snails, slugs, snails and so on. Prevention and control methods:

①, fish rattan essence: it is a commonly used agent to control aphids. It is generally diluted with 2000 times liquid, which has a good effect.

②, 40% omethoate: good internal absorption and internal conductivity, diluted 1500mur2000 times, effective against aphids, scale insects and leaf mites.

③, 40% acephate: low toxicity, adding water 1000 Mel 1500 times liquid, good control effect on aphids; if mixed with carbaryl powder, it can also control thrips and has obvious synergistic effect.

④, fenitrothion: effective against mosquitoes, aphids and leaf mites. The corms with root mites can be diluted with 1000 times liquid, soaked for 30 minutes and air-dried, which can control the harm and reproduction during the whole storage period and do harm to pomegranate.

⑤, p-dichlorobenzene: put the dry corms with root mites in airtight containers or plastic bags and fumigate them with a dose of 4 g / L for 1-2 days, killing all living organisms.

⑥, 20% permethrin: diluted 2000 times, it has the special effect of quick knockout to the rat woman.

3. Piercing and sucking pests: among the flower pests, piercing pests are an important group, including mosquitoes, aphids, leaf mites, thrips, whitefly, leafhoppers and so on.

Prevention and control methods:

①, using Chilean phytoseiid mites to control Tetranychus urticae: beneficial mites can be released according to the 1:20-30 ratio of beneficial and harmful mites in the greenhouse, and the harm of Tetranychus urticae can be completely controlled after 7-14 days.

②, 73% carotene EC: can kill adult cochlea, young mites and eggs. It is harmless to beneficial mites and other natural enemies. 1000-3000 times solution is used in one ship, and the efficacy period is 14-35 days.

③, 5% Nisolang EC: it is a low-toxic acaricide and is safe to natural enemies, such as low toxicity to bees and birds. It has strong characteristics of killing young mites to many kinds of plant harmful mites, but has poor control effect on adult mites, rust mites and gall mites. Generally, spider mites use 2000 times liquid of l 500 Mel.

④, petroleum emulsion: it is a mineral pesticide, which has control effect on "five small" pests and has unique application in various scenic spots and orchards.

⑤ and triclofenac are effective for both leaf mites and root mites. If mixed with triclofenac, it has a long-term control effect on mites. It is also effective to dilute 1000-1500 times to root mites.

⑥, pyridazinone (15% EC): high efficiency, low toxicity, broad-spectrum acaricidal, insecticide, has good control effect on whitefly, leafhopper, thrips, aphids and other stinging insects, and has high activity against adult and young mites, with a multiple of 2000-3000 times.

⑦, imidacloprid: also known as Bilin, 12.5% imidacloprid water soluble concentrate, is a highly efficient, strong internal absorption, broad-spectrum insecticide, has a special effect on aphids, planthoppers, planthoppers, thrips, scale insects and other stinging pests, excellent control of bamboo stem aphids.

4. Leaf-eating pests: mainly include most Lepidoptera larvae, some adults and larvae of Orthoptera and Coleoptera, etc.

Prevention and control methods:

①, biological agents: Bt emulsion, Beauveria bassiana preparation, nuclear polyhedrosis (NPV) virus preparation, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) preparation, and interference virus preparation. 7051 Insecticidal: it is avermectin, and it is also a biological agent with high activity.

②, hormone preparations (specific pesticides):

The specific categories are as follows:

Diflubenzuron 3: inhibit pest molting, but also inhibit the embryonic development of pest eggs, effective against a variety of Lepidoptera larvae, has been large-scale production, large-scale popularization and application; non-toxic, does not affect the ecological environment; its 25% gel suspension can be diluted 3000-4000 times. Yitaibao (5% EC): also a new insecticide that prevents insect pests from molting, it has similar functions and characteristics of diflubenzuron. When applied, it can dilute 2000Mel 4000 times, and the activity is higher.

Miman (20% gel suspension): it is a hormone that accelerates pest molting, which can promote pest molting ahead of time, premature senescence, and is effective against a variety of Lepidoptera instar larvae; diluted by a concentration of 1, 000 times

③, botanical preparation: 5% azadirachtin, nicotine liquid, pure natural ingredients, effective against a variety of pests, mites, control of yellow poplar silk wild borer is very effective.

④, highly effective, slightly toxic or basically non-toxic chemicals:

The specific categories are as follows:

1. Dolabal: this is an insecticide made of only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (C25H28O3). It has high insecticidal activity against many leaf-eating pests.

two。 Lexben (also known as chlorpyrifos, lorsban): low toxicity, no internal absorption. It can control leaf-eating pests and mites, and has a good effect on beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, ground tiger and so on.

3. Phoxim: low toxicity, wide insecticidal spectrum, strong knockdown force, effective against a variety of Lepidoptera leaf-eating pests, and also has a certain killing effect on eggs.

4. Fenitrothion: it has a special effect on the control of short-forehead negative locusts, beetles and other leaf-eating pests.

5. Leaf miner and gall-causing pests: leaf miner on Rutaceae, Liriomyza huidobrensis on Compositae and gall aphids, gall mites and tarsal mites on many kinds of flowers are becoming more and more common.

Control methods: permethrin has special effect on latent leaf pests (active ingredient is 15 × 10-6); 40% omethoate is also effective; foliar spraying of diclofenac and 7051 insecticides is also effective on gall mites. Lesben is effective in the control of Liriomyza huidobrensis.

6. Boring pests: harmful to flowers and plants are: four yellow spot beetle, chrysanthemum longicorn beetle, pine tip borer, cotton bollworm, tobacco night moth, Spodoptera litura, longicorn beetle and so on.

Control methods: the application of good internal absorption, strong contact agents, such as aluminum phosphide, fumigation stick, thioyl fluoride, fenitrothion and so on. Yitaibao is effective in controlling Noctuidae larvae that harm flower buds.