How to raise the yew in Mandia? Year-round standardized cultivation techniques of Taxus mairei

How does Hainan Mandiya yew grow? Taxus mandiensis is a natural hybrid variety, which is mainly distributed in the south of China. Its tree shape is peculiar and has high ornamental value. Let's take you to learn the standardized annual planting technology of Taxus mandiensis in Hainan.

1 planting technology

1.1 planting time

Taxus mairei cultivation is not limited by time, but it is better to avoid the summer weather. Taxus mairei likes yin and dampness and avoids high temperature sunburn. Under full light and strong light, the chlorophyll of Taxus chinensis leaves was destroyed, which led to the death of the plant. Hainan has high temperature and strong light, so it is best to plant Taxus mairei from October of that year to January of the following year, when the temperature in Hainan is relatively low, which can avoid the hot weather and ensure the survival rate of seedlings.

1.2 soil conditions

Taxus mairei prefers slightly acidic soil, and the best soil for planting land is sandy soil, light sandy soil or medium loam with a pH value of 5.8-8.0 and good drainage.

1.3 soil preparation

Ploughing the soil requires timely ploughing and harrowing, deep ploughing and fine ploughing, broken and loose flat soil, and removal of stones, weeds and dead branches from the surface of the soil to meet the requirements of planting.

1.4 shading facilities

Hainan has hot weather, high temperature and strong light, so shading should be considered first when planting Taxus mairei in Hainan. At present, according to our cultivation experience, we should build a shading greenhouse before planting. The height of the greenhouse is 2% 2.2m and the shading degree is 70% 75%. It is best to cover the greenhouse with a sunshade net, leaving the left and right part of 15cm off the ground. This can not only solve the problem of soil moisture and seedling moisture evaporation caused by excessive wind, but also conducive to ventilation and ventilation in the greenhouse, so that the temperature will not be too high. Such an environment is conducive to the growth of seedlings.

1.5 Seedling bed preparation

The nursery bed should be made into a ridge with width of 1m to 1.2m, high 20~25cm and furrow width of 30cm, which requires fine and loose soil particles and smooth seedbed. Open the drainage ditch according to the slope direction and flow direction of the nursery.

1.6 planting

According to the seedling specification to determine the planting density, generally transplanting seedlings in the transition zone for the first time in one year, the planting density can be appropriately larger, which can be planted at the density of 10 cm × 15cm, and about 40000 plants can be planted in 667m2. Seedlings over 3 years old can be planted according to the density of 50cm × 50cm, and about 2000 seedlings can be planted in 667m2. The lateral roots of Taxus mairei are relatively well developed. in order to reduce the difficulty of planting and keep the roots extended, part of the roots can be cut off properly when the plant roots are too long in the planting process. Planting can be planted in small ditches or holes, and the planting depth should be the same as that of the rhizome of the plant. After planting, it should be watered thoroughly in time.

2 field management

2.1 Water management

Watering according to the actual situation, each watering should be thoroughly. Taxus mairei seedlings have strict requirements for water, and the soil is often kept moist in order to facilitate the growth of seedlings. However, too much water will cause the root system of seedlings to rot. In case of heavy rain, drainage ditches should be dredged in time to avoid root rot caused by soil stagnant water. Once the root rot occurs, the plant should be pulled out immediately and sterilized with 70% dimethazone. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job of drainage in rainy season.

2.2 replanting

Seedling planting for one month can determine whether the seedlings survive, remove dead seedlings and replant at the same time, it is best to choose seedlings of the same age to make the seedlings distribute evenly and grow neatly. After replanting, enough fixed root water should be irrigated to protect the root system of seedlings.

2.3 fertilization

For Taxus mairei planted in the field, fertilization can be started after one month of seedling planting, including root topdressing and foliar fertilization.

Root topdressing: urea and compound fertilizer are the main fertilizers, urea 5 kg and compound fertilizer 7 kg are applied every 667m2, but water should be irrigated in time after each fertilization, and rotten organic fertilizer can also be applied with a dosage of 500 kg/667 m2. The seedlings were spread evenly on the surface of the soil, and fertilized when the light was strong at noon. The methods of ditch application and hole application were used for big seedlings.

Foliar fertilizer: 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed alternately, once every one month.

Note: (1) spray evenly on the leaf surface. (2) Urea is dissolved in proper amount of water and then diluted. (3) avoid the hot sun and spray it in the morning and evening.

2.4 weeding

Weeding can be based on the growth of weeds to determine a reasonable time, times, the general principle is to remove early, small, except. Weeding includes manual pulling, shoveling and herbicide weeding. The weeding method can be chosen according to the actual situation in production. The seedlings should not be damaged during artificial weeding, and the seedlings with skew and lodging should be corrected. Herbicide 50kg should be sprayed evenly with Acetochlor and butachlor per 667m2 before weeds are unearthed, and should be sprayed after soil watering and wetting. During the growing period of weeds, proper amount of ethoxyflurane was sprayed evenly on water 50kg, which could remove most grasses, sedge and broad-leaved weeds.

2.5 loosening the soil

When the soil is hardened, the soil should be loosened in time, usually once or twice a year. Loosening the soil should be based on not harming the root system of seedlings, small seedlings should be shallow and large seedlings should be deep.

2.6 pruning

Taxus mairei has entered the mature stage after about 4 years of management. in order to promote Taxus chinensis var. mairei to have multiple lateral branches and form a larger shrub shape, it needs to be pruned. The specific method of operation is to cut off the branches at the top of about 10 cm, but also to cut off the overdense branches and leaves.

2.7 Disease and pest control

Taxus mairei is less harmed by diseases and insect pests, so prevention is the main way to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. Fungicides can choose methyl thiophanate 1000 times liquid combined with sprayer to evenly spray the seedlings once. At present, the main pests are white ants, which harm the bark of the tree, which can be spread between rows with mirex, or cypermethrin and cyhalothrin can be sprayed on the soil surface. Taxus mairei seedlings are prone to root rot and stem rot in the rainy season, which can be irrigated with 70% dimethazone 500 times solution; leaf blight is easy to get in the high temperature season, and 1% Bordeaux solution can be sprayed to control it.

3 harvesting and post-harvest management

After 5-6 years of management, Taxus mairei can be pruned and harvested when its height is about 1m. The harvest time of Taxus mairei is about October every year, and the number of branches should be controlled by 30% and 40% of the aboveground part of the plant. After harvest, fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible to restore the tree potential quickly. Compound fertilizer and urea can be applied, the amount of urea fertilizer is about 6kg/667m2, sprinkled on the soil surface. The application amount of compound fertilizer is about 8kg/667m2, and the method of applying compound fertilizer is to return to the soil and compaction after opening ditches or holes at the position about 10cm from the root of the plant.

The above is the whole content of the planting technology of Taxus mairei. Miao farmers who are interested in planting this variety are welcome to learn!

How much is Taxus mairei? the propagation method of Taxus mairei

Taxus mairei is a natural hybrid variety, which is an evergreen shrub of the genus Taxus, otherwise known as Taxus mairei, with a female parent of Taxus mairei and a male parent of Taxus mairei. It has a history of nearly 100 years of growth and development in the United States and Canada, and it is also distributed in the south of China, which is of high cultivation value. Let's take a look at how much it costs per yew.

How much is the Mantia yew seedling?

Specification (height) price (yuan / tree)

30 centimeters 15 yuan 40 centimeters 20 yuan 50 centimeters 40 yuan

80 centimeters 100 yuan 1 meter 150 yuan 1.5 meters 400 yuan

Note: Taxus mairei can bear red beans in 3 years, and almost all of them have buds in 3 years, and the buds of male Mantia are relatively large and obvious, which begin to be obvious from August to March next year, and pollinate female plants. The female plant flower bud is relatively small, very similar to the bud, flowering is a small drop of water, no pollen.

Propagation methods of Taxus mairei

1. Sowing: Taxus is generally sown in early spring. After 1 year of seed storage, 30% of the seeds are white, sift out the seeds in time, disinfect them in 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinse them with clean water and sow them evenly in the ditch after drying the water. After sowing, the yellow loam soil with mycorrhiza and sifted under the pine forest was dug to cover the seeds, and the thickness was no seed. Pay attention to shading in the seedling stage, build a shade shed in the seedling stage, and the seed emergence rate is more than 70%.

2. Cutting: in the period of dormancy and germination of trees, the mixed substrate of sand, sawdust and perlite was selected as cutting soil. Select 1 ~ 4-year-old lignified branches and cut the cuttings into small segments 10 cm, 15 cm or 30 cm long. when pruning, the cut should be smooth, lower cut Malt-shaped, and the leaves should be removed below 2 cm. After cuttings were treated with chemicals such as ATP, ABT, NAA, IBAA and so on, the cuttage survival rate was generally more than 85%.

Culture method of Taxus mairei

1, lighting: Mandia yew sex like shade, do not direct sunlight, put in the living room, bedroom, balcony corner can. In the evening, you can put it on the windowsill to make it breathable.

2. Environment: Mandia yew does not have great requirements for the environment. In addition to achieving the first point not to direct sunlight, we should also pay attention to not blowing directly into the air conditioner indoors, do not approach the heating in winter, and do not throw cigarette butts and tea and other sundries into the basin at will.

3. Watering: Taxus mairei needs different water in different periods. It needs more water in the growing period (March to November), but less than the watering cycle in the dormant period (December to February). Water is usually watered every 5-7 days in spring and autumn, once every 3-5 days in summer, and once every 7-10 days in winter.

4. Diseases and insect pests: leaf blight and red blight will occur in individual young trees of Taxus mairei in high temperature and dry seasons, which can be controlled by spraying 1% Bordeaux solution. If the leaves appear withered or yellow or diseases and insect pests, you can use methyl topiramate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate watering or spraying, the general dosage is a small bag of 1: 2 liters of water.

5. Fertilization: the principle of fertilization for Taxus mairei is a small number of times, applying farm manure on the roots from November to March of the following year, topdressing urea every 15 days from April to the beginning of June, 10 grams per plant until the beginning of June. Compound fertilizer was applied every 15 days from mid-late September to the end of October.

6. Pruning: Taxus mairei is mainly used for medicinal development, while branches and leaves are pharmaceutical raw materials, generally not for pruning. Landscaping can be trimmed into spherical, tower, umbrella and other shapes according to the needs of landscaping.

Matters needing attention of Taxus mairei

1. Because of the dry climate in the north, it can be watered when the soil surface is dry, and pay attention to watering it all at once, especially in summer. When the air is dry in the north, the leaf surface is easy to droop due to lack of water, and when the leaf surface is not full, you need to spray water from the bottom up with a small spray can (you can spray it every day in summer).

2. Taxus mairei is a shade-loving plant, which is suitable to be placed indoors, but it should not be placed at the air outlet of the air conditioner or next to the heating, otherwise it will increase the water evaporation of the leaves of Taxus mairei. It is easy to make the branches and leaves of Taxus chinensis var. mairei dehydrated quickly, causing the leaves to curl and dry.

3. Mandia yew bonsai should not be irrigated with tea water. In particular, the water quality in Beijing is hard and the alkali content is high, so the water must be used for watering and spraying after one day.

Key techniques for efficient cultivation and management of Taxus mairei

How to grow the yew in Mandia? Taxus mairei is a combination of medicinal and ornamental, with broad development prospects, like shade, drought resistance, disease and insect resistance and cold tolerance. This paper summarizes the cultivation and management techniques of Taxus mairei in order to provide reference for popularizing the standardized cultivation of Taxus mairei.

1 rational selection of land and scientific planning

1.1 Select parcels

Select the middle and lower part of Sichuan road, hills, gentle slope and foot of slope, shady slope or semi-shady slope, land with slope below 35 °or woodland with canopy density less than 0.4. it is required that the transportation is convenient, the soil pH value is between 5.8 and 8.0, the soil layer is deep and fertile, the soil quality is loose, and the drainage is good, and sand, sandy loam and loam are the best. Except for desert and arid areas, the valleys, middle and lower slopes, shady slopes and semi-shady slopes of the north and south slopes of Qinling Mountains and Bashan Mountains, where the soil is slightly acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline, are suitable for the planting and growth of Taxus mairei.

1.2 Planning and design

1.2.1 Community division. The garden is divided into several cultivation areas. In the area with slope ≤ 8 °, the plot area is divided according to rectangle, and the plot area is about 1hm2; in the area with slope ≥ 9 °, according to the natural terrain, the plot area is above 1hm2.

1.2.2 Road settings. The main road is located in the center of the woodland with a width of 4m 6m, and the branch road intersects with the main road with a width of 3m. Both the main road and the slip road should be located on the boundary of the community.

1.2.3 Pool setting. In order to prevent drought, one 100m3 mountain reservoir is set up per 4hm2.

(2) prepare the ground in advance and turn it deep and fine.

2.1 time of soil preparation

The garden was established in spring, and the soil was prepared in summer or autumn or winter of the previous year, and ended before the soil was frozen. Planting in autumn should prepare the soil in the spring of that year, and then plant legume crops, which can not only avoid weeds, but also improve the soil and increase income.

2.2 Surface cleaning

Before soil preparation, use herbicides or artificial cutting methods to remove weeds, shrubs and other ground cover, pick up stones, sundries and so on.

2.3 method of land preparation

According to the topography, land preparation should be carried out by means of full reclamation, banding and burrowing, and should be turned deeply and carefully. The conversion of farmland to woodland and agricultural land should be combined with soil preparation, and the soil should be mixed and distributed evenly with 3% diachongshongxing granule 75 kg/hm 2 + 50% carbendazim wettable powder 15 kg/hm 2 + fine soil 450 kg/hm 2 to disinfect the soil.

2.3.1 complete reclamation and land preparation. In the north, the sloping plateau with loose soil texture and ≤ 8 °slope and the farmland with gentle terrain and high soil fertility are prepared by mechanical reclamation with a depth of 50 cm. After that, the ridge is mechanically ridged and arranged in the north-south direction. The ridge is about 20 m long, 1.2 m wide and 30 cm high. A footpath with a width of 30 cm is set aside between the ridges to facilitate agricultural operation and drainage on rainy days.

2.3.2 banded soil preparation. The horizontal belt around the mountain is reclaimed on the gentle slope and slope land with a slope of 925 °, with a bandwidth of 1m, a depth of 50cm and a belt spacing of 50cm. The drainage ditch is high on the outside and low on the inside, and the inside is 20 cm wide and deep to prevent Rain Water from eroding the belt surface and causing soil erosion.

2.3.3 massive land preparation. The massive land preparation was adopted on the steep slope barren hills and wasteland with a slope of 26 °35 °. The specification was 40 cm × 40 cm × 50 cm, and the plant-row spacing was 80 cm × 100 cm. The potholes are arranged along the contours and the shape of "product". Interplanting woodland, according to the distribution of forest trees, the clearing in the forest is prepared in blocks.

2.4 apply sufficient base fertilizer

One month before planting, base fertilizer was applied. Ridge and banded land preparation are all ditched at first, then base fertilizer is evenly sprinkled in the ditch, and the backfill soil makes the ditch uplift. According to the row spacing of 30 cm, three trenches of 10 cm wide and 10 cm deep were dug with pulling plough and 1 trench was dug in the middle of the strip surface with calcium superphosphate about 750kg/hm 2 and 300 kg/hm 2 respectively. The soil was prepared in the shape of a hole, and the planting point was dug with the specification of 20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm. 20 g superphosphate was applied to each hole, and the hole was evenly mixed with topsoil and backfilled into the pit to make the planting hole like steamed bread.

(3) adopt strong seedlings and reasonable close planting.

3.1 Seedling selection

The selected seedlings must go through 1-2 years of seedling training, which requires no diseases and insect pests, seedling height ≥ 25 cm, basal diameter ≥ 5 mm, root length ≥ 10 cm, root integrity, 2 primary branches ≥, branch length ≥ 8cm and so on. Bare root seedlings are often used for afforestation, but container seedlings and soilball seedlings are the best. When transporting seedlings, strictly quarantine, strictly prohibit the shipment of wet seedlings to prevent fever and burning seedlings, do a good job of moisturizing, sun protection, ventilation, ventilation and other measures, light loading and light unloading.

3.2 planting density

The seedlings grew slowly in the first 3 years and grew faster in the latter 3 years, and the crown could reach 100 cm × 80 cm during the picking period. In order to make full use of land resources and facilitate mechanical picking, the row spacing of 30 cm × 60 cm was designed for the first time when planting on the land with a slope of ≤ 8 °. In the third year, the row spacing of one plant could be selected at an interval of 60 cm × 120 cm. In the plot with a slope of 9 °25 °, a single row was planted along the contour line, the row width was 1 m, the row spacing was 50 cm, and the initial plant spacing was 30 cm. In the third year, one plant could be extracted and used, so that the plant spacing could reach 60 cm.

3.3 planting time

It is generally planted in February-March in spring or September-October in autumn. Among them, planting in autumn is the best. Planting time should choose rainy or sunny mornings and evenings to avoid hot weather.

3.4 planting techniques

3.4.1 Seedling treatment. 1 500 times rooting agent aqueous solution and clay were used to mix mud, and the roots of seedlings were dipped in slurry. Seedlings after long-distance transportation should be properly cut off some branches, leaves and roots and then dipped in pulp. Distribute the seedlings dipped in the root to the planting hole.

3.4.2 planting method. Hole planting was used to dig the backfilled holes or grooves (20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm), and one plant was planted in each hole. Fuzheng seedlings were backfilled with 10 cm thick soil, the seedlings were raised and the roots were stretched, compacted, and then compacted. The planting hole is 4 cm deep and cannot be filled with soil in order to store water in rainy days. If there are irrigation conditions for planting in the field, it should be filled. After planting, the roots were watered thoroughly, and each plant was watered or cleared with fecal water for about 1 kg. Sprinkler irrigation is used when planting in the field.

4 different ages, meticulous management

4.1 Young tree stage management

The first three years after planting is the stage of young tree management. In that year, there is no need for management in winter, but it can survive the winter naturally, and the management work is mainly concentrated in spring.

4.1.1 replanting. About 60 days after planting, the seedlings of the same age were selected and replanted in time, and enough fecal water was poured to ensure survival.

4.1.2 Shade. Seedlings prefer shade, and prefer neutral to positive at middle instar. Corn can be interplanted in the first year, soybean can be interplanted in the second year, which plays the role of shade, nitrogen fixation and income increase. It is not suitable for interplanting crops on steep slopes. Weeding can be postponed for 2 months. Only 30~50 cm around the plants should be weeded, and the rest should not be removed, so as to achieve the purpose of shading, protecting seedlings and preserving water.

4.1.3 Topdressing. After 30 days of planting, topdressing begins twice a year for 3 consecutive years. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied from late March to early April to promote shoot growth, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied in early August to promote shoot lignification and root growth. In the first year, urea 20g/plant and phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 30 g/plant were applied; in the second year, urea 30g/plant and phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 50g/plant were applied; in the third year, urea and phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 50 g/plant were applied respectively. Fertilization was carried out before irrigation or before and after rain, before 11:00 and after 16:00. Dig small holes or shallow trenches and cover them with soil.

4.1.4 Soil loosening and weeding. After irrigation or rainfall, tilling and loosening shall be carried out in time to preserve soil moisture. Combined with loosening weeding, choose continuous sunny days, mainly artificial weeding, do early, except small, except. May-June and August-September each hoe caress once, July knife caress once. During hoeing, the seedlings were cultivated and holed, and the holed soil was loosened to promote root growth. Such as pulling grass hurt the roots of plants, should be timely cultivated, and irrigation of clear manure water to promote plant growth. Chemical weeding of weeds around roads, empty belts and gardens. At noon on windless days, glyphosate 500 times solution plus a small amount of washing powder spray. It should be noted that herbicides should not be sprayed on plants.

4.1.5 Pest control. In order to prevent diseases, the roots were irrigated with 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim WP or 4000 times solution of 99% hymexazole in May, about 500g per plant, once every 7 days, and irrigated for 3 times to prevent diseases. From April to June, 10% imidacloprid WP was sprayed at 3 000 times to control aphids, and 40% Su was sprayed at 1 000 times to control scale insects.

4.1.6 Irrigation and drainage. When rainfall is abundant in mountainous areas, watering can be avoided. Irrigation frequency and irrigation amount depend on drought degree, generally irrigation once before and after spring germination and late autumn, not suitable for more irrigation in case of not special drought, appropriate water control in autumn. When there is too much rain, drainage should be carried out in time to prevent stains, combined with land preparation, ridging on the ground, repairing platform fields in depressions, digging drainage ditches around the community.

4.2 tree management

After 3 years of planting, it enters the mature tree stage, and its management is relatively complex. However, weeding and loosening, pest control, irrigation and drainage are the same as those in the young tree period, so they will not be repeated here.

4.2.1 Trimming. Pruning is carried out in February and March before budding in spring, mainly topping, in order to promote multiple branches to form larger crowns. The specific method is to cut off the top about 10 cm branches, and the action should be rapid and consistent. At the same time, cut off the bottom soil-prone branches and over-dense branches.

4.2.2 Fertilization. Urea and compound fertilizer are applied once every 15 days from mid-April to early June. About 750 kg/hm2 urea was applied to soil surface by spreading method. Compound fertilizer was applied at about 900 kg/hm2, about 30 g/plant at a distance of about 10 cm from the roots of plants by digging holes and covering soil. Fertilization time is the same as young tree period. In the first ten days of May, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times solution was sprayed once as foliar fertilizer, and it was better to wet the leaves without dripping water.

5. Timely harvest, fertilization and rejuvenation

5.1 recovery

After 5 years of careful management, the branches and leaves should be properly harvested when the trunk becomes dark and the plant height is about 1.5 m in the sixth year of planting (the fresh weight of biomass reaches the maximum and tends to be stable, and each plant can reach more than 300 g per year). From late October to November, the taxol content was the highest (up to 0.033%), which was the best harvest time, and it was harvested once a year. If properly managed, it can be harvested every year. In addition to annual branches for cuttage, other branches and fresh leaves can be harvested, branches and leaves to old branches as well. After harvest, if not fresh processing, should be timely spread out drying or drying. After drying for about 15 days, the dry branches are bundled into small bundles every 1 kg, packed into cartons and sold on the market.

5.2 fertilization

After harvest, urea and compound fertilizer should be applied once as soon as possible to quickly restore tree vigor. Urea can be applied about 90 kg/hm2 and compound fertilizer can be applied about 150 kg/hm2.

6 Recommendations

In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of Taxus mandiensis industry, the following suggestions are put forward: first, strengthen leadership, grasp demonstration points and establish standardized demonstration gardens; second, according to the idea of "suitable for land and trees, scale development", adjust measures to local conditions, reasonable layout and scientific planning; third, strengthen technical training and promotion efforts to improve the intensive management level of enterprises and growers; fourth, strengthen the transfer of land management ownership, build large-scale industrial bases and implement intensive management; Fifthly, introduce Taxus mandiensis science and technology development enterprises and establish the management and operation mode of enterprise + base + farmer households (cooperatives); sixth, establish Taxus mandiensis professional cooperatives to form an association operation mode connecting the market and the base and farmer households; seventh, research and develop new products, implement brand strategy and strengthen market guarantee.

The above is all the cultivation points of Taxus mandiensis. If you are interested in this tree species, you can learn more about it. Do you want to know the planting techniques of other seedling species? Download the mobile phone benefit agriculture APP quickly!