Sowing method and grafting seedling raising technique of purple leaf thick plum

How to sow and reproduce purple leaf plum? Purple leaf thick plum, which originated from abroad, is a fast-growing plant and likes light. After years of introduction and cultivation in northern China, it has highlighted the excellent characteristics of color-leaf tree species. Let's take a look at the sowing and grafting techniques of purple leaf plum.

1 sowing and multiplying seedlings

Thick plum is mainly propagated by sowing method, purple-leaf thick plum can also be sown, but only the number of seedlings of 1 to 8 has purplish red leaves, and the seedlings of 7 to 8 need to be grafted to produce purple-leaf thick plum seedlings.

1.1 Fruit picking, de-seeding and storage

Around the middle of July, plums which are black and close to the ground are picked and mature. The purple leaf thick plum berries are stored in a barrel or basin for 3 to 7 days to fully soften and mature, spread on the surface, separate the pulp from the seeds, rub and float into the container many times, pour out the suspended matter, and take out the seeds sunk at the bottom of the container. If you are ready to sow in autumn, mix the seeds with wet sand and hide them in a cool place; if you are ready for spring sowing, dry the seeds in the shade for 5-7 days, put them in a sandbag and store them in a dry place.

1.2 germination treatment of seed sand reservoir

In preparation for sowing in early spring, the dry seeds were soaked in cold water for 36 to 48 hours in early December and fully mixed with river sand with a moisture content of about 25%. The dried seeds were bagged and stored at the back wall feet of caves, vegetable cellars and tall buildings with a water content of-5 ℃, and the soil was 20cm thick. At the beginning of April of the following year, a small number of seeds germinated and they were ready to sow.

1.3 preparation of seeding bed

From late October to early November, before the soil was frozen or after the soil was thawed in early April of the following year, the loamy soil was selected as a bed on a flat land or on a gentle slope. The flat land is dominated by the north-south bed direction, and the slope bed direction follows the slope direction. The width of the bed is 0.8 ~ 1.2m, the length of the bed is 510m, and the height of the bed is 6~8cm. Cover the bed with 1cm thick farm manure or 0.2cm thick dried chicken manure and livestock manure, turn the soil 15cm deep, so that the soil and manure are fully mixed. Break the clods, flatten the bed surface, and arrange the edge of the bed. The trail width is about 30cm.

1.4 sowing

The suitable time for autumn sowing is from October to early November, and the suitable time for spring sowing is April, along or across the bed, the 3~4cm deep trench is opened on the bed surface, and the seed is sown or sowed with 20cm in the furrow, the seed spacing is 4~5cm, the sowing amount is 4~5g/m2, and the soil cover thickness is 2.5~3cm.

1.5 Management of sowing year

After sowing, the bed surface is covered with 0.5~1cm with a thick porosity of about 40% grass curtain or other mulch. Spray water on the mulch and soak the soil particles on the bed surface 5~8cm. Spray water for the second time every 5 to 7 days. Remove the mulch in time after emergence, and spray water in time in case of excessive drought in the growing season. From June to August, if aphids harm leaves, spray 40% dimethoate 1500 times to kill. From May to September, weeds were pulled out and shoveled many times. If you are not going to dig seedlings in the first ten days of November, you should irrigate the overwintering drought prevention water for once.

2 grafting and management

2.1 transplanting before grafting

The seeding seedlings of the same year were transplanted in late October or April of the following year. Choose sandy loam gentle slope land or flat land, spread farm manure on the surface, apply 3m3/667m2, turn soil 20cm deep, ridge according to 60cm ridge distance and 20cm ridge height. Open a ditch about the depth of 8cm along the centerline of the ridge, transplant the seedlings after root trimming, transplant them vertically according to the distance between the 10~15cm plants, and water the soil thoroughly. Transplanting at the end of autumn, the slow seedling in the following year, and the ground diameter above 0.5cm can be grafted in the first ten days of April. Transplanting in spring should be done as soon as possible, preferably from late March to early April, and grafting should be prepared in the first and middle of May. The seeding seedlings whose ground diameter is less than 0.3cm need to be budded in August of the following year or grafted in spring next year.

2.2 hard branch grafting

2.2.1 splicing. The suitable period is from early April to early May. From February to March, fully lignified 1-year-old branches with diameters larger than 0.4cm were cut, stored in a cool place of-10 Mel 5 ℃, and buried with wet sand. Ear cutting: the ear length is 5~7cm, leaving 2 buds when the ear is sufficient. Leave a bud when it is in short supply. Cut two straight wedge-shaped surfaces about 2.5cm at the lower end of the lower bud. Cut the anvil cut, cut the anvil at the distance from the surface 3~10cm, in the middle of the end face or at the measuring end, cut a cut vertically with scissors, and the length is about 2.5cm. Insert scion: insert the thick end of the cutting side of the scion outward, insert it into the cutting mouth of the rootstock, and align one or both sides of the layer. Binding: use 1.5cm wide plastic strip to tightly bind the interface. Hard branch split grafting: the suitable thickness of rootstock is 0.4~1.2cm, and the ear diameter is from 1 to equal diameter of rootstock.

2.2.2 insert a skin graft. The suitable period is from late April to mid-May when the anvil is peeling, and the scion should be cut from February to March and buried in a cool place. Ear cutting: ear mouth length 6~8cm, with 1-2 buds, broken rootstock: cut flat at the rootstock 4~10cm above the ground. Insert scion: cut the scion inward and insert it between the cortex of the rootstock and the wood, so that the chopped side of the scion closely fits with the wood of the rootstock. Binding: use 2cm wide plastic strip to bind the interface. The suitable rootstock diameter is 0.6~1.2cm, and the ear diameter is 1-2-3 with rootstock diameter. Generally, last year's sowing seedlings are often not suitable for skin grafting because of their small roughness. For rootstocks of more than 3 years old, skin grafting is widely used.

2.3 Bud grafting

2.3.1 with wood budding. The buds on the new shoots were grafted with wood, and the suitable period was from June to July and the first ten days of September. The buds were grafted immediately after cutting the new shoots from the purple leaf thick plum plant, leaving the long petiole of 0.5cm, and at the 1cm above the bud, the knife was cut at an angle of 10 °~ 15 °to the 1cm below the bud, and at the 1cm below the bud, the knife cut into the wood at an angle of 30 °to make it intersect with the upper knife and break off the wood bud. Cutting the stock clamp: at the place where the rootstock is 3~10cm from the surface, at the southwest smooth place, cut one clamp from top to bottom, its length and depth are the same, similar to those with woody buds. Stick the bud piece: stick the cutting surface of the bud on the clamp of the rootstock and align one side of the cambium. Binding: bind the buds with 1cm wide plastic strips, and the buds and petioles leak. In addition, the buds on 1-year-old branches can also be used for wood bud grafting, but the survival rate is low and there are not many applications.

2.3.2 Scutellate budding. Also known as T bud grafting, the suitable period is from July to August, and the Beginning of Autumn is the most commonly used from July to early September. Cut off the leaves, leave the long petiole of 0.5cm, cut through the half-circle cortex at the 1cm above the bud, and then at the 1cm below the bud, cut the wood upward at an angle of 10 °~ 15 °to intersect with the upper edge of the knife, and break off the bud. Cut T-notch of rootstock: at 3~10cm from the surface, mainly southwest, and smooth, cut T-notch, cut through the cortex. Insert the bud piece: break the T mouth, insert the bud, and connect the upper transverse incision. Binding: use 2~2.5cm wide plastic strip, bind the interface, the bud should leak out.

2.4 Management in the following year

2.4.1 the scion is kept fresh and dry. Combined with the grafting operation, when the hard branch is grafted, the top cut and the surrounding parts of the scion are wrapped with plastic strips, and the buds are leaked. After that, you can also use a special moisturizing agent for fruit trees to mix 1 / 2 times with water and smear the cut and all around. It can also be secured with a plastic bag, and the sprout sprouts and leaves will be pierced and released for 1 or 2 days before the bag is removed.

2.4.2 cutting anvil. The buds were grafted from June to July. After the buds survived, the rootstock was cut off at 1.5cm above the buds. After budding from August to September, the rootstock was cut off at the 1.2cm above the bud before and after the Qingming Festival in the following year.

2.4.3 except anvil sprouting. When the buds on the scion germinated to 2~15cm, the buds on the rootstocks were removed, and the buds or shoots on the rootstocks were cut off once every 7 to 10 days, about 5 to 6 times.

2.4.4 unbind. When the buds on the scion grow to 10~30cm, cut the straps with a sharp knife. Some nurseries cut off new shoots to prevent the wind.

(3) cultivation of large seedlings

3.1 Land preparation

In October of that year or early April of the following year, the plots from loam to light clay were selected to remove sundries, spread farm manure in the surface ditch, apply 2500kg/667m2, turn the soil 15~20cm deep, and ridge according to 0.8cm ridge distance and 20cm ridge height.

3.2 nursery land transplantation

After soil preparation in October or April, according to the distance between 0.4cm holes and 8~10cm on the center line of the ridge, the ungrafted thick plum seedlings or grafted purple leaf thick plum grafted seedlings were planted in the pit, and the solid soil was watered enough to ensure survival. In the 3rd ~ 4th year, the plants were retained according to the distance from 0.8cm, and the rest were transplanted. From 5 to 6 years, the plant was retained and transplanted according to 1.6m × 1.6m row spacing. The transplanting age should also be flexibly determined according to the size of the crown.

3.3 General Management

In each growing season from transplanting to the nursery, weeds should be weeded by manual or chemical methods in time to ensure that the growth of seedlings is not affected by weeds. If juice-sucking aphids or leaf-eating caterpillars are damaged from May to August, they can be killed by spraying 2000-fold solution of oxygenate. In case of excessive drought, it should be watered in time. With the increase of tree age and crown width, the branches of the lower half of the trunk were cut off from the base from February to March to cultivate into a single stem with a natural round head tree. when the plant height is more than 2.5m, the crown width is more than 1.5m, and the trunk thickness is more than 4m, it can come out of the nursery.

The above is all about the planting of purple leaf plum today. If you also want to plant this kind of tree, come to Huinong Network to learn its related planting skills first.

Culture management of purple leaf thick plum (scientific name: Padus virginiana 'Canada Red') belongs to Rosaceae thick plum genus, is a tall deciduous tree, the tree height can reach 20 to 30 meters. Short branches blossom, inflorescences 4-6 cm long, fruit purplish red bright, stone brown. Native to North America, it is a fast-growing plant. Xiguang, in the semi-shady growth environment. It can be sown, grafted and propagated by cutting, and the success rate of grafting is the highest. The purple-leaf thick plum has been introduced and bred and cultivated by seedling producers, which has highlighted the excellent characteristics of its colored-leaf tree species in the vast areas of the north.

Purple leaf thick plum can be sown, grafted and cultured by cuttings. Seeds on purple-leaf thick plum plants should be collected in sowing and breeding, but there are no pure purple-leaf thick plum seeds at present. After sowing, only 50% of the existing seeds are thick plums with purple leaves, so grafting culture is the best way to cultivate purple-leaf thick plums at present. If the seeds of thick plum are used for sowing, they can be budded or grafted in the same year or the second year, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%. Cuttage culture is also a good method for breeding thick plum. The semi-mature branches of purple leaf thick plum can be cut from June to July. The branches are treated with root promoting factors or treated with 3A rooting powder No. 3 or No. 4 of Beijing Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The rooting rate can reach 5060%. Purple leaves thick Li Xiguang, in the semi-shade growth environment, the leaves rarely turn purplish red, when planted in Jilin and other places can withstand the low temperature of more than minus 40 ℃, no freezing damage. It also grows normally under the condition of short-term high heat of 40 ℃ in Beijing for several consecutive years. It has developed root system, drought tolerance and strong resistance, and grows well without watering in Beijing Botanical Garden for many years. However, purple leaf thick plum still likes the warm and humid climate, and grows healthily on the wet, fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam. The annual growth of 4-5-year-old young trees is more than 1 meter high, and the grafted seedlings can grow to more than 2 meters high in that year. Purple leaf thick plum has few diseases and insect pests, and only yellow diamondback moth and a small number of red spiders are harmful in recent years. Reproductive Management of Purple Leaf thick Plum

Purple leaf thick plum can be sown, grafted and propagated by cuttings. Seeds on purple-leaf thick plum plants should be collected for sowing and propagation, but there are no pure purple-leaf thick plum seeds at present. After sowing, only 50% of the existing seeds are thick plums with purple leaves, so grafting propagation is the best way to breed purple-leaf thick plums at present.

If the seeds of thick plum are used for sowing, they can be budded or grafted in the same year or the second year, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%. Cuttage propagation is also a good method to propagate thick plum. The semi-mature branches of purple leaf thick plum can be cut from June to July. The branches are treated with root promoting factors or treated with 3A rooting powder No. 3 or No. 4 of Beijing Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The rooting rate can reach 5060%.

Purple leaves thick Li Xiguang, in the semi-shade growth environment, the leaves rarely turn purplish red, when planted in Jilin and other places can withstand the low temperature of more than minus 40 ℃, no freezing damage. It also grows normally under the condition of short-term high heat of 40 ℃ in Beijing for several consecutive years. It has developed root system, drought tolerance and strong resistance, and grows well without watering in Beijing Botanical Garden for many years.

However, purple leaf thick plum still likes the warm and humid climate, and grows healthily on the wet, fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam. The annual growth of 4-5-year-old young trees is more than 1 meter high, and the grafted seedlings can grow to more than 2 meters high in that year. Purple leaf thick plum has few diseases and insect pests, and only yellow diamondback moth and a small number of red spiders are harmful in recent years.