How to grow elderberry? A brief discussion on the pruning of elderberry and the control methods of diseases and insect pests

Elderberry is a deciduous shrub, which is widely distributed in the north and south of our country. The flowers and colors are white when they bloom, which are generally suitable for planting at the edge of water, forest edge and lawn. The editor below will share with you the pruning and pest control methods of elderberry.

Elderberry pruning

Elderberry has strong sprouting ability and is very resistant to pruning. There are two rare plant types: multi-dry shrub type and cooperative type.

In the collaborative plant culture, when the plant grew to more than 2.5 meters, it was cut short, and among the regenerated branches, 3 to 4 new branches with uniform distribution, vigorous growth, closed growth point of view and not in the same track were selected as the main branch culture. the middle and short branches were stopped at the end of autumn, and two healthy branches were selected from the regenerated branches on each main branch for lateral branch culture in the second year, and all other regenerated branches were cut off. After that, you only need to adjust the crown width according to the tree potential, and stop pruning in time for over-dense branches, disease and insect branches and long branches.

Elderberry pruning:

No matter which plant type is selected, the vigorous branches should be selected as the backbone when pruning, and in the process of protection, timely liquidation of miscellaneous branches and side branches is the key to ensure the tree-shaped appearance.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of elderberry

The main diseases are mottle and gray spot.

The symptoms of elderberry mottle disease are as follows: the disease spot on the leaf is round, the two ends are grayish white, the edge is brown, the diameter of the disease spot is 2 mm to 4 mm, and there are small black spots on it. If it is not treated in time, the conidia will be transmitted and infected by air activities. July and August are the high incidence periods in North China.

Prevention and treatment: use 75% chlorothalonil wettable granule 600 times liquid or 50% carbendazim visible granule 600 times liquid spray, once every 7 days, spray 3 to 4 times continuously, but ineffectively control the disease.

The symptoms of elderberry gray spot are as follows: there are round or oval disease spots on the leaves, light brown at both ends, dark brown at the edge, irregular in the early stage of the disease, and a single dark brown mildew on the outside. The pathogen overwintered with mycelium on the diseased fallen leaves. When the conditions were suitable in the next year, the conidia were transmitted by wind, rain or sprinkling water. July and August were the peak periods of the disease.

Prevention and treatment: 75% chlorothalonil or 50% carbendazim solution can be sprayed once a week for 3 to 4 times in a row to effectively control the disease.

Pest control of elderberry

Elderberry pests are transparent sparse wax cicada, East Asian elderberry aphid, elderberry tail ulnar moth, leopard moth, red moth.

Control methods: transparent sparse wax cicada damage, can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times, East Asian elderberry aphid damage, can be sprayed with 95% paracetamol emulsion 400x solution, elderberry tail ulna moth damage, adult stage can be killed by black light, larval stage spray 20% diflubenzuron suspension 700x solution to kill; leopard lamp moth, red diamondback moth damage, can be sprayed with 20% diflubenzuron suspension 600x solution.

In the editor's opinion, elderberry is suitable for both potted and courtyard planting, and its ornamental value is very high. The above are the pruning methods and pest control methods of elderberry. If you are interested, remember to collect them.

Pruning methods of elderberry

Pruning methods of elderberry

Before pruning, we should know which types of elderberry are suitable for pruning, which can be divided into multi-dry shrub type and single-dry type.

Multi-dry shrub shape

There are two pruning methods for this plant type. one is to tie several seedlings together, cut off the lateral branches on each seedling, retain only the trunk, remove the inward growing branches and retain the outward growing branches. Later pruning is to cut off the new branches that grow inside. The second is pruning in the nursery, pruning the more vigorous branches, and selecting 4 or 5 well-growing branches as the trunk, constantly pruning the inward growing branches, but also retaining only the outward growing branches.

Single dry type

When the plant grows to two and a half meters, the new plant should be cut short, and the new plant should be selected as the trunk culture. the new plant should choose 3 to 4 plants with good growth, and the growth should not gather together, and the growth trajectory should be different. The short cut will be carried out at the end of autumn. In the second year, two best growing lateral branches were selected from each trunk, and the rest of the branches were removed. In the future, you only need to clean up the dense branches and control diseases and insect pests.

Matters needing attention in pruning elderberry

No matter which plant type is chosen, the strong branches should be selected as the trunk when pruning, and it is the key to clean up the miscellaneous branches and lateral branches in time in the process of maintenance, so that the beauty of plant type can be better maintained. in addition, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, otherwise it will also affect the appearance of elderberry.

Detailed explanation of propagation methods and cultivation techniques of Elderberry

Gold leaf elderberry, also known as golden leaf American elderberry, is a colored leaf variety of Canadian elderberry. At present, there are introduction and cultivation in all parts of our country. So how to cultivate Elderberry? This article will give you a detailed introduction.

1. Morphological characteristics

Elderberry is a deciduous shrub with a height of 1.5 to 3 meters. The lenticels and stem nodes of the old branches are more obvious. Leaves odd-pinnate, opposite, leaflets 5-7, elliptic or long elliptic-lanceolate, margin serrate, apex pointed, base cuneate, new leaves golden yellow, yellowish green when ripe. Cymes terminal, ca. 15 cm in diam., flowers small and dense, Corolla white. Berry drupe, red, turning black-purple when ripe. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruiting period is from August to September.

Second, growth habits

Like light, but also resistant to shade, drought, avoid waterlogging. Strong cold resistance, able to withstand low temperature of-30 ℃. It has strong adaptability to climate, can adapt to warm, humid and dry and cold climate, and does not have strict requirements on the soil. It grows better in the soil with deeper soil layer, rich humus and good drainage. The root system is developed, the ability to sprout is strong, and it is resistant to pruning.

III. Methods of reproduction

1. After the mature seeds are harvested, they are stored in sand or dried in the shade in winter. Sowing in spring, sowing 460 grams per square meter, covering the soil with no seeds is appropriate, just keep moist.

two。 Hardwood cuttings can be cut into 15-20 cm long cuttings by selecting two-year-old strong branches before germination in spring. Softwood cuttings are generally carried out in summer, select semi-lignified branches, cut into cuttings 10 to 12 centimeters long, remove the lower leaves, with a few leaflets at the top, cuttings depth of 2 canopy 3, cut in coarse sand, shade after planting, watered and moisturized, easier to survive.

IV. Cultivation techniques

1. The planting position of Elderberry showed a strong growth potential in the fertile and loose soil, and moderate water and fertilizer could promote the growth. It is appropriate to plant in the leeward and sunny place, but elderberry is also more shady.

two。 Water and fertilizer management should be irrigated in time during spring drought. After entering the growing period, there is no need for special fertilization and watering, and if rain and waterlogging occurs in summer, it should be drained in time. If sufficient basal fertilizer is applied before planting, it can not be fertilized for 2-3 years, and its growth is still exuberant.

3. Pruning techniques people usually do not carry out large pruning during the growing period because of the bad smell in the branches and leaves of Elderberry. Winter plastic surgery, the growing season only slightly control the shape of the tree, sprouting and topping. The fruit can be picked when the leaves fall in late autumn after ripening. It is necessary to properly trim the insubstantial branches in spring and the dry shoots in winter to keep the crown tidy. When the tree is too weak, it can be stubble at the base, and the whole plant can be rejuvenated within 1-2 years.

4. The main diseases and insect pests of Elderberry include powdery mildew, aphids, Spodoptera litura and so on. Powdery mildew can be controlled with 25% chlorpheniramine wettable powder 1500 / 2000 times, or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 / 1000 times, or 50% thiophanate wettable powder 800 / 1000 times, as soon as the disease begins to appear, spraying once in 7 days and 4 times in a row.

Aphids in the tree sprouting period is the peak of overwintering egg hatching, which can be sprayed and controlled. For example, spray 1.2% bitter tobacco EC 800 × 1000 times, or 6% imidacloprid EC 3000 × 4000 times, or 5% acetamiprid EC 5000 × 6000 times, pay attention to safety when spraying, and also use hanging yellow thin plastic plates to trap winged aphids.

For Spodoptera litura, biological or biomimetic pesticides were used before the 3rd instar, such as spraying 500 × 700 times of Bt wettable powder containing 16000IU/mg, 800 × 1000 times of 1.2% bitter tobacco EC, 1500 × 2000 times of 25% diflubenzuron suspension, 1500 × 2000 times of 20% full suspension, and so on.