Hydroponic cultivation methods and maintenance measures of zinnia

Zinnia belongs to an annual herb, flowering in summer and autumn, flower diameter about 10cm, petal color and gorgeous, flower type diversification, basically are double petal species, with very high ornamental value, is a common flower bed, flower border materials, high-stem Zinnia varieties can be cut flower production and open field planting, the next small series will briefly talk about Zinnia hydroponic planting methods and maintenance measures, I hope to help you.

I. hydroponic method

The main results are as follows: 1. The branches of zinnia were intercepted from the mother plant, and the branches sprouting new roots in the trunk, the top and the middle part of the main branch were selected. these branches had strong growth ability and high survival rate.

2. The intercepted part should be at 0.2-0.5cm under the node, which is rich in nutrients and easy to take root.

3. During the interception, the incision should be smooth, which is beneficial to the rapid healing and rooting of the cut.

4. Disinfect the intercepted branches in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, and then use tap water to induce new roots.

5. Insert the intercepted branches into the water and soak the branches at the water level of 1/3. Remove the leaves immersed in the water, expose them to the air, and retain the aerial roots.

6. Place the branches in a shady place to avoid direct sunlight.

Change the water every day, or every 2-3 days.

8. after the branches grow new, add different formula nutrient solution to watch the growth of zinnia.

II. Maintenance guidelines

1. Temperature and light

Hundred-day grass likes to be warm and can not tolerate extreme heat, high temperature and cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 18-20 degrees in daytime and 15-16 degrees at night.

Hundred-day grass grows fast in summer, which is suitable for all-day cultivation and can be exposed to direct sunlight.

2. Watering

In order to ensure sufficient moisture during the growth period of zinnia, it is best to choose watering in the morning.

The drying of the leaves of zinnia can prevent the occurrence of diseases and inhibit the overgrowth of plants.

Flower column soilless cultivation mode and its application prospect nowadays, with the enhancement of people's greening consciousness and the renewal of greening concept, the traditional flower planting method does not meet the requirements of people's aesthetic taste because of many disadvantages. For example, fresh cut flowers lack a practical process from planting to flowering and fruiting, and keep fresh for a short time; generally, potted flowers are commonly cultivated in soil, and conservation must be based on experience, not easy to manage, prone to diseases and insect pests, and disharmonious with modern indoor environment. Flower column soilless cultivation! (hereinafter referred to as the flower column) is a cultivation method in which the technological plastic pots are stacked into a certain height, flowers are planted on them, and the nutrient solution is automatically recycled to meet the needs of water, gas and fertilizer for flower growth. it integrates three-dimensional cultivation, soilless cultivation and facility cultivation, and has the advantages of new technology, technology, water saving and environmental protection, large green capacity, beauty and easy management. It can satisfy people's interest of growing flowers to the greatest extent. In recent years, the application of flower pillars in urban parks, streets, courtyards, rooms, roofs, balconies and urban agriculture has gradually increased. Flower column is a new flower production mode and art form besides flower arrangement and bonsai, which is expected to become a fashionable industry in the future.

1 the structure of flower column system

According to the place of application and circulatory system, flower posts can be divided into two types: conventional type and family type.

1.1 conventional flower column system

Hydroponic cultivation is usually used for large area group cultivation, which is mainly used in urban agriculture, urban park streets, courtyard roof greening and so on.

1.1.1 basic structure of column installation 600 posts per 667m2, each consisting of a base, a central shaft and a column. The shell of the column is a pot made of white engineering plastic (ABS). One column is stacked with 10-12 pots, with a high 160~200cm and a diameter of 15cm. There are 5 cultivation holes on each bowl, and the flower seedlings grow on the cultivation holes. The columns are arranged in rows, and the columns are sheathed on the chassis at the lower end of the central axis, which is easy to rotate and can be moved freely with the central axis. The flower seedlings are evenly exposed to light by rotation.

1.1.2 nutrient liquid circulation system consists of liquid storage tank, infusion pipeline, drip head and reflux ditch. The nutrients needed for the growth of the flower seedlings on the pot are sent by the submersible pump to the infusion pipe, and then injected into the bowl through the dripping head at the top of the column. When the nutrient solution in the upper bowl exceeds a certain water level, it is automatically injected into the next pot until the nutrient solution overflows the outlet of the cultivation tank, and finally flows to the tank through the reflux ditch. The nutrient solution can be irrigated automatically and recycled.

1.2 there are three cultivation methods of family flower column system: hydroponic culture, substrate culture and mixed culture. Indoor flower monomer cultivation is mainly used in living room, office, balcony greening and so on.

1.2.1 basic structure of column device each device consists of a bottom basin, a central column, a basin, a micro-pump and a timer. The family-type column is generally stacked with 3-6 pots, and the high 50~100cm bottom basin is made of a cylinder with a volume of about 6L for storage and recovery of nutrient solution.

1.2.2 nutrient solution automatic circulation system the nutrient solution in the family column bottom basin is pumped by a micro-pump, then through the hose, shower head, basin, and then recovered to the end of the basin, reuse, and automatic cyclic irrigation is realized through a 24-hour program-controlled timer.

2 key points of cultivation techniques

2.1 selection of varieties

The conventional flower column mainly considers its ornamental, and the variety selection is mainly herbaceous flower. suitable varieties include peacock grass, periwinkle, impatiens, marigold, hundred-day grass, thousand-day red, hybrid carnation, Phoenix tail cockscomb flower, three-color Quan, four seasons begonia, wild goose red, colored leaf grass, ornamental tomato, calendula, emerald chrysanthemum, petunia, string red, dwarf sunflower, hanging bamboo plum and so on. Taking into account the particularity of indoor environmental conditions, the varieties are mainly shade-tolerant and foliage-tolerant plants. suitable varieties are evergreen, taro, green apple, ivy, tortoise back bamboo, asparagus, silver queen, emerald, small zebra, lily bamboo, pocket coconut, rich bamboo, plantain, goose palm wood, kidney Tibet, white palm, tiger tail orchid, hanging orchid, gentleman orchid, one-leaf orchid, striped bamboo taro, peacock bamboo taro and so on.

2.2 soilless seedling raising technique

2.2.1 soilless breeding of grass flowers is generally cultivated by seed sowing and culturing, such as marigold, malachite, begonia, Catharanthus roseus and so on. The effect of soilless seedling raising in hole plate is the best in seed culture, and the seedling is neat and strong. Compared with conventional soilless seedling raising in open field, the damage caused by underground pests is less, the root injury is less and the slow seedling period is short. The seedling substrate was the compound substrate of perlite, peat and mushroom waste (volume ratio 1:1:1). The seedling container was made by Ningxia Shengbao Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. (8 × 16 acupoints, 3cm × 3cm). The seeds of grass flowers were disinfected by soaking 15min in 100 times formalin before sowing, and the varieties of grass flowers that were not easy to germinate were soaked and germinated in warm water. After sowing and sprouting, when the grass flower seedlings grow to the 2-leaf stage, the dilute nutrient solution is sprayed once a day. When the seedlings reach a certain morphological index of seedling age, they should be transplanted in time, and the general transplanting period is 4-5 leaf (pair) stage.

2.2.2 soilless breeding of shade-tolerant foliage plants is usually cultured by ramet or cuttage, and there are many foliage plants that can be cultured in both ways. Ramet culture is relatively simple, when the daughter plant differentiated from the mother plant has grown roots, the mother plant can be separated and cultivated separately. The method is to dig up the mother plant, remove the matrix, remove the old root and rotten root, and then find out the natural differences of the root system, cut it with a manual or a knife, and require the separated sub-plant to have fine roots, branches (leaves) and buds. The substrate of cutting culture is perlite. The cuttings were cut into 8~12cm length, and the leaves at the base of the cuttings were removed. The lower part of the cuttings should be smooth with a 45 °slope. Soak the cuttings with 50 × 10-6 indole acetic acid for 12 hours to promote root formation. Do a good job of moisturizing after insertion to prevent cuttings from losing water and wilting. When the root grows out of 2~3cm, it can be transplanted, and the root injury can be minimized when transplanting.

2.3 liquid management

2.3.1 determination and adjustment of pH value of nutrient solution the nutrient formula fertilizer used by the author is provided by Hangzhou Longshan Chemical Plant. The suitable range of pH value of nutrient solution for flowers is 5.5-6.5, and it is the best to stabilize it at about 6.0. During the preparation and use of the nutrient solution, the pH value can be determined regularly with a hand-held Hanna pH test pen. After the test, if the pH of the nutrient solution is found to be on the high side, it should be adjusted with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid; if the pH is on the low side, it should be adjusted with NaOH.

2.3.2 measuring and adjusting the suitable ion concentration of nutrient solution for flowers (expressed by EC value) varies with different growth periods and cultivation seasons, generally slightly lower in seedling stage, slightly higher in peak growth period, slightly higher in winter and slightly lower in summer. The suitable EC value was 0.6~1.2ms/cm at seedling stage and 1.2~1.8ms/cm at flowering or seedling stage (shade tolerant plants). In general, the EC value of nutrient solution can be measured regularly by DDS- 11A conductivity meter. If EC value is too high and diluted with water, if it is too low, it can be adjusted by adding formula fertilizer.

2.3.3 the supplement of oxygen content in nutrient solution through repeated irrigation of nutrient solution many times a day to supplement the oxygen content in nutrient solution, so as to meet the oxygen demand of flower root growth.

2.3.4 the time and frequency of liquid supply shall be controlled by intermittent timing and controlled by timer. Generally, liquid will be supplied 2-4 times a day, each time 15~20min. The liquid supply is carried out during the day, but not at night; the number of liquid supply is more in sunny days, less in cloudy and rainy days, more in high temperature and strong light, and less in low temperature and weak light.

2.3.5 the volume of the bottom basin of the family flower column is small, and the service life of each basin is 1-2 months, that is, once a month in summer and once in two months in winter. Because of the large volume of the liquid storage tank, the service life of the nutrient solution can be extended to 4-6 months. If pollution occurs, it should be replaced in time.

2.4 Disease and pest control

According to the author's observation, there are few diseases and insect pests during the period of indoor display of family flower pillars. During the production of flower pillars in greenhouse, all kinds of diseases and insect pests will occur. The main diseases and insect pests are: Botrytis cinerea, downy mildew, anthrax, powdery mildew, leaf spot, leaf mites, aphids, green insects, night moths and so on. The strategy of "giving priority to prevention and comprehensive control" should be adopted for comprehensive control: (1) timely removal of withered branches and leaves and cleaning up of diseases and insect pests; (2) physical control, using yellow shellac board to trap and kill pests; (3) fumigation with Yishuanling and Lidi smoke agents; (4) Pesticide control forbids highly toxic pesticides, select low and medium residual pesticides, and prescribe the right medicine to the case. There are 7051 insecticides and acaricides, Wanling, Yichuanjing, Yitaibao, imidacloprid and so on, and fungicides include Daconine, carbendazim, Dasheng, Redomir, poison alum and so on.

3 discussion on the application prospect

Through the combination of different varieties, different colors and different height styles, the flower column combination mode with different artistic taste can be designed to express different cultural connotations.

Application of 3.1 in Landscape Greening

The flower column combination landscape can not only add glory to the city park, but also can be used as a mobile flower bed, and has a similar application effect to the potted flower in the green dead corner.

3.2 Application in Urban Agriculture

Flower column combination can improve the taste of urban agriculture and add modern horticultural science and technology.

3.3 Application in Street Greening

Flower columns stand in rows on both sides of the street, which can significantly increase the festive cultural atmosphere of the street and give people a refreshing feeling.

3.4 Roof Garden

The flower column saves water and protects the environment, does not accumulate water, and avoids the shortcomings such as easy leakage of stagnant water in roof soil cultivation.

Application of 3.5 in Indoor Greening

Family-type flower pillar, large green capacity, beautiful and easy to manage, is an ideal choice for family rooms and offices to beautify and afforest. List of plants under the rich tree of indoor foliage flowers Friends can automatically get autumn flowering flowers by replying their names: geranium, forget-me-not, fake leading flower, goldfish grass, evening fragrant jade, marigold, carnation, peacock grass, perennial fluke, Yu beauty, cyclamen, shore flower, dry golden lotus, morning glory, green chrysanthemum, medal chrysanthemum, blue-eyed chrysanthemum, cornflower, African chrysanthemum, golden chrysanthemum, black chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, Rieger begonia, bamboo section begonia, bulbous begonia, Iron cross begonia, colored leaf begonia, summer flowering flowers: Hemerocallis, Zili flower, Iris, barracuda, chicken crown, impatiens, four seasons begonia, eversummer carnation, Persian chrysanthemum, purple Dahlia, blue sage, thousand-day red, hundred-day grass, hydrangea, mimosa, florist rose, cherry, pansy, sunflower, water lily, orange stem, sunflower, jasmine, violet, Oncidium, gardenia, gardenia, orange stalk The sky is full of stars. Winter and spring flowers: hyacinth, indoor foliage plants: green apple, white palm, asparagus, big leaf umbrella, bean green, goose palm wood, money tree, red palm, taro, plantain, Hawaiian coconut, fishtail sunflower, sunflower, rich bamboo, wealth tree, palm bamboo, happiness tree, Dishui Guanyin, Xi Lin taro, calla lotus, bamboo taro, coarse rib grass. Hanging and climbing plants: vanilla plants: basil, peacock grass, mosquito repellent, angel flower, marjoran, incense, thyme, rosemary, lavender, mint. Flower and plant conservation knowledge: cutting, hydroponic wealth tree 1 also known as Malaba chestnut 2 family origin and morphological origin: originated in Malaysia Peninsula and Nanyang Islands. Families, genera and morphology: kapok family, evergreen trees. Stem: tree height 8-15m leaves: palmately compound leaves, leaflets 5-7, branches whorled. Flowers: flowers large, up to 22.5 cm long, petals laciniate. Design and color: there are red, white or light yellow, bright color. Flowering: April-May flowering, September-October fruit ripe, there are 10-20 seeds, large, irregular shape, light brown. There are no 4 flower words and allusions (flower sending guide) for the time being. The source of the name of the rich tree: most of the leaves on each petiole bear six or seven leaflets, but there are also eight. Because of the homonym of "eight" and "fat", some florist owners call it "rich tree". (5) potted plants with foliage. The rich tree is evergreen all the year round, can absorb toxic gas and release oxygen through photosynthesis, can effectively absorb the pollution of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and play a certain role in resisting the exhaust gas produced by tobacco combustion. (6) the seeds matured in autumn at the time of planting and flowering, and should be sown with picking. Or cutting at 20-25 degrees Celsius. It blossoms from April to May. 7 growth habit cultivation difficulty: simple light: happy and sunlit environment. The rich tree is not strict with light, and can grow in either strong sunshine or low light room. But all-day sunshine can make the stem node short, the leaf wide, the plant type compact, the leaf color dark green, the crown plump, and the stem base hypertrophy. Under low light for a long time, the branches are thin, the petiole is drooping, the leaves are light green, and the growth is thin and tall, which makes the plant reach the braided height ahead of time. No matter under what environment, the location can not be changed suddenly, change the location must have a gradual adaptation process, such as suddenly transfer the plant from the shade to the strong light, will make the leaves burn, scorched edge, affect the appearance. Wen: like high temperature, poor cold resistance. The suitable temperature for growth is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. The high temperature and humidity environment in summer is very beneficial to the growth of rich trees, and it is also the fastest growing period. at this stage, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to promote plant growth. The winter temperature should not be lower than 15 ℃, and it is easy to die below 10 ℃. It is best to keep it between 18 ℃ and 20 ℃. In the case of low temperature, it is necessary to prevent moisture, otherwise the leaves are prone to waterlogged frost spots. In late autumn and winter, attention should be paid to anti-cold and anti-freezing management. Water: like to be moist. Watering principle is rather wet than dry, to pay attention to each season and different growth periods of watering, that is, summer high temperature season should be more watering, and often spray water to the branches and leaves to increase the necessary humidity. Less watering in winter, more watering for large and medium-sized plants with vigorous growth, and less watering for small plants newly planted in pots. When the amount of watering is too large, it is easy to make the roots of the plant rotten, causing the leaves to sag, lose luster and even fall off. At this time, it should be moved to a cool place immediately, and the amount of water should be reduced to a minimum, as long as the basin soil is not dry, spray water on the leaf surface many times a day with a spray can, stop fertilizing water, and the plant can gradually recover in about 15 ~ 20 days. Fat: like to be fat. The demand for fertilizer is greater than that of other common flowers and trees. When changing the basin every year, the proportion of fertile soil can account for 1 / 3 or even more. Fertile soil comes from a wide range of sources, which can be collected from deciduous humus soil of broad-leaved trees and mixed with a little pastoral soil and mixed bean cake dregs. This fertile soil is highly effective and easy to obtain, but attention should be paid to full maturity so as not to "burn" the leaves. In addition, during the growing period of rich trees (from May to September), mature liquid fertilizer or mixed flower fertilizer can be applied every 15 days to promote deep roots and luxuriant leaves. Soil: like fertile and loose, permeable sandy loam soil, acidic soil, avoid alkaline soil or clayey soil, generally use loose vegetable garden soil or peat soil, rotten leaf soil, coarse sand, add a small amount of compound fertilizer or chicken manure as base fertilizer, culture soil. Prune and change the basin every 1 to 2 years, and change a slightly larger basin year by year, at the same time, add base fertilizer and replace new nutrient soil to make it thrive. 8 Propagation and seedling management sowing: because seed propagation has the characteristics of uniform emergence, straight roots, easy braiding and easy to grow round and lovely "radish head", sowing and propagation is a commonly used method of propagation. When the fruit skin is yellow or dry, it can be harvested. After the fruit was harvested, the shell was broken and the seeds were sown in river sand or garden mud. The sowing depth was 2 ~ 3 cm and the temperature was controlled in the range of 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. It sprouted 3 ~ 5 days after sowing and could be planted in the field or pot in 20 ~ 30 days. Cutting: compared with sowing seedlings, cutting seedlings have the defects of no expansion of the head stem or only slightly expansion, and the stem of the seedlings is not beautiful, so this method is rarely used. The survival rate of cuttage propagation is higher from March to October in the south. The top tip of robust and pest-free plants is selected as cuttings, the length of cuttings is 10 ~ 12 cm, the lower leaves are removed, the big leaves are cut off by half, and the cuttings should be cut obliquely to expand the root area of cuttings. Then the "root sun" rooting agent 300 times solution and yellow mud were mixed into mud, and the cuttings were dipped in the mud and inserted into the nursery bed after the mud was dry. In the temperature range of 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, it can be transplanted into the pot about 12 ~ 15 days after implantation. Water should be watered in time after cutting, so that the cuttings are closely combined with the soil, otherwise the cuttings are easy to lose water and dry up, affecting the survival. Normal management should keep the soil moist or spray for 3-5 minutes a day. After the cutting is finished, it should be covered in time, with a shading net with a shading rate of 90% in summer, and a shading net of 60% ~ 70% in spring and autumn. The optimum temperature for cutting rooting is 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, and the temperature below 15 ℃ is not suitable for cuttage propagation. The cuttings can be transplanted into the pot when the root system grows to 3 ~ 5 cm, while the sowing seedlings can be planted when the height is 20 ~ 25 cm. Pour enough water immediately after putting on the basin to avoid direct sunlight, such as using a sunshade net with a shading rate of up to 70% in strong sunlight. 9 pruning and heart-picking: after the seedling is planted in the pot or on the ground, the top has an obvious advantage, if it is not removed, it will grow straight up; when the terminal bud is cut off, lateral branches will soon grow, and the base of the stem will obviously expand. When the ground grows to 1.5 meters high, it can be braided or "Jackie Chan" shape, and then continue to grow on the ground or pot maintenance to improve the ornamental value. Change the pot to rejuvenate: the potted rich tree should change the basin once in 1-2 years, when it comes out of the house in spring, and prune the yellow leaves and weak branches to promote its sprouting. 10 symptoms and control methods of diseases and insect pests: root (stem) rot is a common disease that seriously harms the rich tree, also known as rot. Prevention and control methods: (1) keep the cultivation environment dry and pay attention to the disinfection of the cultivation medium and site; (2) cut off the sprained and rotten tissue at the top of the main root with a sharp knife before planting, then spray the wound with Root rot Ning or Chlorothalonil, and then put it on the basin after drying. (3) after a week of planting, the basin dries gradually and the healing tissue forms. When the new roots begin to grow, the trunks of the rich trees are sprayed with Pulick, Anke or Zinc-Manganese Mendale, and the medicine solution should flow into the basin soil along the cadres. Since then, fungicides have been rotated once a week with Anke and Redomir. Leaf blight: control methods: (1) timely removal and burning of diseased leaves; (2) spraying 50% carbendazim 800-fold solution, 70% chlorothalonil 800-fold solution or 75% methyl topiramate 800-fold solution every 10-15 days. The disease can be controlled for 2 ~ 3 times. 11 other precautions do not follow the Wechat address book of this platform for the time being-Subscription account-search-enter huacao990923 or the word "flowers and plants" appears in the small part of the article title, click in-follow or scan the QR code of the article). You can view the content of the past period by replying to the number. Reply 1, 1.1-basic knowledge of flower and plant conservation; reply 2-summary of common street trees (recommended); reply 3-identification and control of common diseases and insect pests (recommended); reply 4-summary of common indoor foliage plants (recommended); reply 5-guide for plant selection for purifying indoor air (highly recommended).