Propagation methods and cultivation Management techniques of ornamental Peach Blossom

Do you know the biggest difference between watching peach blossoms and eating peaches? The difference that many friends blurt out is edible and inedible, of course, but the peach blossom is bigger, more beautiful and more ornamental. Below, the editor of Huinong Network will take you to learn the potted techniques of peach blossom reproduction and pest control.

1. Variety characteristics

From the flower type, it can be divided into five categories: single type; plum blossom type; rose type; peony type; chrysanthemum type.

two。 Reproduction method

The propagation of ornamental peach blossoms is mainly by grafting.

2.1 splicing

Branch grafting, also known as branch grafting, is carried out before spring germination. the scion uses the strong and substantial branches of the previous year, and the rootstock is required to be about 1.2 cm thick. Cut off the branches on the ground, split a small crack from the middle of the rootstock, and cut the lower end of the ornamental peach blossom scion into a bevel with a sharp knife to combine it with the rootstock seam, and then bind it with plastic rope and bury it with soil pile, so that the growth can be restored in a month or so.

2.2 Bud grafting

This is the most commonly used breeding method of peach blossoms, which is carried out from May to August every year, and the rootstock is required to be smooth and stout.

For the grafted plants, the new buds germinated on the rootstocks should be wiped off in time, and the branches on the rootstocks should be cut off. For the budded plants, when the buds are grafted and branched about 10 cm, the rootstocks should be cut from 1.5 cm to 2 cm above the grafted buds. These measures are to prevent the branches of rootstocks from dispersing nutrients and promote the growth of scions.

3. Cultivation and management

Ornamental peach blossoms are mainly distributed in North, Central and Southwest China. Like warm, humid and sunny environment, resistant to cold, but afraid of waterlogging.

3.1 Land planting management

Ornamental peach blossoms planted in the ground can be planted in sufficient sunshine and good ventilation, but they should not be planted under trees with larger crowns, so as not to affect ventilation and light transmission, and should not be planted in low-lying water areas, so as to avoid rotting roots caused by stagnant water.

(1) transplanting: ornamental peach blossoms are transplanted with soil balls after falling leaves in early spring or autumn.

(2) watering: ornamental peach blossoms planted on the ground can be watered with frozen water and frozen water respectively in early spring and late autumn each year.

(3) fertilization: ornamental peach blossoms are generally treated with mature organic fertilizer before and after flowering and after autumn, and the formation of flower buds can be promoted by topdressing available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer twice from June to July.

(4) pruning: the main purpose of the pruning of adult ornamental peach blossoms is to control the plant height, maintain the beauty of the tree shape, restrain the apical dominance, promote the growth of lower branches and the formation of flower buds, and make the plant grow evenly.

3.2 potted plant management

Potted peach blossoms with short plants, short internodes, compact crown and graceful plant shape should be used in pot after falling leaves in autumn or before flowering in spring. One part of rotten leaf soil, one part of garden soil and one part of river sand can be used as mixed soil, and a small amount of retting cake fertilizer, bone meal or calcium superphosphate is added as base fertilizer.

3.3 florescence control

In the northern region, the natural flowering period of ornamental peach blossoms is from March to April. If you also need to promote peach blossoms in potted plants, when the leaves fall, put them in a low temperature environment of about 7 ℃. 40-45 days before the Spring Festival, you will move indoors, give room temperature 5: 10 ℃, and then gradually raise the temperature to 20: 25 ℃. Pay attention to sprinkling water on the branches every day to prevent the branches from wilting and causing the buds to bloom. If the bud cracks ahead of time, it should be moved to a low temperature chamber of about 15 ℃ in time, which can effectively delay the flowering time of the plant.

4. Pest control

The disease resistance of ornamental peach blossoms is weak, and the diseases that are easy to occur are brown spot, leaf shrinkage, tree trunk gum disease and so on, all of which are caused by pathogen infection. Chlorothalonil and carbendazim can be sprayed 700 times, and attention should be paid to both sides of the leaves when spraying.

The pests of ornamental peach blossoms are aphids, shell insects, red spiders, diamondback moths (commonly known as "spicy seeds"), leaf curling moths, etc., which can be killed with relevant pesticides, but it should be noted that ornamental peach blossoms should not use dimethoate, otherwise they will cause drug damage and cause leaves to yellowing and falling off. The methods of comprehensive control of dried longicorn beetles and other pests are as follows: trapping adults with light, cutting off branches, injecting wormholes with 50-100 times liquid trichlorfon solution, or blocking wormholes with medicine mud or poison label.

The above is the whole content of ornamental peach blossom reproduction and pest control pot technology, if you also want to cultivate ornamental peach blossom, then first come to Huinong Network to learn the relevant technology!

Culture and cultivation techniques of ornamental Peach Blossom

I. basic form

Ornamental peach blossom is a small deciduous tree of the genus Prunus in Rosaceae, which can be divided into two large lines: mountain peach blossom, which is the result of peach and apricot or peach and mountain peach hybrid, and true peach blossom is purebred peach. The two systems are divided into five types, except for the white mountain green belongs to the mountain peach, broom peach, birthday peach, weeping peach, straight peach all belong to the true peach blossom. The shape of ornamental peach blossoms can be divided into five categories: single petal, 5 petals, relatively flat; plum-shaped, petals 20 to 25, shaped like plum blossoms; rose-shaped, after blooming, outer petals turn outward, inner petals wrapped in, such as a small rose; peony-shaped, more than 40 petals, the whole flower looks like a bouquet, quite like peony; chrysanthemum-shaped, petals thin and many, shaped like chrysanthemums. Among the ornamental peaches, the one with the most common cultivation and rich variety is Bitao. Green peach (Prunuspersicaf.duplex), also known as peach, thousand-leaf peach blossom, is the general name of double and semi-double ornamental peach. The plant height is about 8 meters, and can be controlled at 3 to 4 meters after plastic surgery, or even shorter, branchlets reddish brown or green brown, glabrous; gray pilose on buds; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm long, apex acuminate, margin serrulate, petiole with glands, leaf color in addition to ordinary green and purplish red. The flower is solitary or 2 are born in the leaf axil, put together with the leaf or bloom slightly earlier than the leaf, its flower color is delicate and colorful, there are white, pink, scarlet, crimson, purple and other colors, some varieties can also produce flowers of different colors on the same plant, that is, the so-called "jumping peach", and even a flower has two different color spots and markings, called "sprinkling golden peach".

There are many varieties of green peach, such as sprinkled golden green peach, birthday star blue peach, weeping green peach, red flower blue peach, purple leaf green peach, tower-shaped green peach, white flower blue peach, thousand peach, two-color blue peach, colorful blue peach, human face peach and so on. The flowering period of peach blossoms varies from region to region. In warmer areas such as Guangdong and Guangxi, they can bloom around the Spring Festival, or even earlier, while the colder areas in the north do not bloom until April to May.

2. Culture methods

The cultivation of ornamental peach blossoms is mainly grafted, and the annual seedlings of hairy peach, mountain peach and apricot can be used as rootstocks, or the annual branches germinated on the stump of old peach trees that have grown for many years can be used as rootstocks, and the scions can be used to watch the branches or buds of peach blossoms. In order to increase ornamental, different varieties of ornamental peach blossoms can be grafted on one plant to make them blossom in different colors and shapes.

1. Split grafting, also known as branch grafting, is carried out before spring germination. the scion uses the strong and substantial branches of the previous year, and the rootstock is required to be about 1.2 cm thick. Cut off the branches on the ground and split a small crack from the middle of the rootstock. The lower end of the ornamental peach blossom scion is cut into a bevel with a sharp knife to combine it with the rootstock seam, and then bind it with plastic rope and bury it with soil pile, so that the growth can be restored in a month or so.

two。 Bud grafting is the most commonly used culture method of peach blossoms, which is carried out from May to August every year, and the rootstock is required to be smooth and sturdy, with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters; select the buds on the middle branches of peach blossoms that year as scions, and when choosing buds, choose leaf buds with a sharper shape, only such buds can be grafted smoothly after survival, while those with round, plump and white silk hairs are flower buds that cannot be selected.

When grafting, first cut it with a sharp knife on the top and bottom of the scion bud, then cut two knives vertically on the back of the bud, and then forcefully pick out the 0.3 cm thick skin, which is called "appearance". Then, according to the size of "appearance", at the strong bud position on the rootstock, the bud piece is also deducted, and then the bud piece on the scion is buckled. The buds on the scion can also be cut into a "T" shape, and the rootstock can also be cut into a "T" cut, and the buds can be inserted into the incision to make them coincide with each other. Finally, tie it up with Ma Pi or plastic rope from top to bottom, exposing only petioles and buds, binding should not be too tight, so as not to damage the buds. If the color of the bud remains the same after 10 days, it means that it has survived. 3. Management after grafting the grafted plants should timely wipe off the new buds germinated on the rootstock and cut off the branches on the rootstock. For the budded plants, when the grafted plants are about 10 cm, cut the rootstocks 1.5 to 2 cm above the grafted buds. These measures are to prevent the branches of rootstocks from dispersing nutrients and promote the growth of scions.

III. Cultivation and management of ornamental peach blossoms originated in China

It is distributed in the provinces of North China, Central China and Southwest China, and is introduced and cultivated all over the world. Watch peach blossoms like warm, humid and sunny environment, resistant to cold, but afraid of waterlogging. Suitable for growing in loose, fertile, well-drained sandy soil, avoid alkaline soil and clayey soil. Ornamental peach blossoms planted on the ground can be planted in places with sufficient sunshine and good ventilation, and can be planted in embankments, sunny slopes, lawns, roadside green belts, residential areas, courtyards and other places, but they should not be planted under trees with larger crowns, so as not to affect ventilation and light permeability. it is not suitable to plant in low-lying water, so as not to cause rotten roots due to stagnant water.

1. Transplanting ornamental peach blossoms are transplanted with soil balls after defoliation in early spring or autumn, but young trees can be transplanted without soil balls, but mud must be applied to the roots of young trees, and when transplanting big trees, soil balls must be taken to improve the survival rate, and planting pits should be dug a little bigger. and apply enough rotten farm manure, cake fertilizer and so on as base fertilizer, watering once after planting. Peach trees with large crowns are fixed with support frames to avoid shaking the plants back and forth when the wind blows, which will adversely affect the survival and growth of peach trees in the future.

two。 Ornamental peach blossoms planted on watered land can be watered with frozen water and frozen water respectively in early spring and late autumn each year.

Cultivation and Management of potted Peach Blossom

1 morphological characteristics peach blossom, also known as peach, Rosaceae peach, deciduous trees or shrubs, generally plant height 2-4 meters, dwarf type only 50-100 cm. Old dry grayish brown, with peeling stripes, branchlets green with red markings, leaves alternate, broadly lanceolate. Axillary flowers solitary or clustered, there are single, double, bisexual flowers, white, pink, red and other colors, flower diameter of about 4 cm, drupe, florescence 3-5 months, fruit ripening 7-8 months. (2) the biological characteristics like warm sunshine and cold tolerance, and the requirements for soil are not strict. The growth potential is strong, and the branches can sprout many times a year, forming spring, summer and autumn shoots, and flower buds can be formed on these branches. The flower buds on spring and summer shoots are more full and full. Flower bud differentiation begins in mid-June and basically ends in early October, but the completion of flower organs must go through a low temperature stage, that is, dormancy. (3) the common horticultural varieties have a long history of cultivating peach blossoms in China, and there are more than 1000 peach blossom varieties. According to its ornamental value of flowers, leaves and fruit quality, it can be divided into ornamental peach-peach and edible peach-peach. Peach is mostly used in production, and peach is an ornamental variety with more petals but less fruit. Usually used for potted ornamental peach, the more famous ornamental varieties are: green peach, chrysanthemum peach, crimson peach, face peach, red rain hanging branch, red birthday star and so on. (4) although peach can be cultivated by sowing, there are more flowers and less fruit, so hairy peach is mostly used as rootstock and grafted in spring. It can be divided into bud grafting and branch grafting. The bud grafting should be carried out in the middle and late August, the bud is taken from the branch with tender leaves, it is not easy to peel off the bud if there are no new leaves, the interface should be tied tightly after that, so that Rain Water should not be drenched, and the branch grafting should be carried out more than before the bud germinates in late March. 5cultivation points 5.1 colonization. Potted plants usually choose flowerpots with a caliber of 40-50 cm. The culture soil can be prepared with 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of fine sand. Then apply appropriate amount of organic fertilizer or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, fully disinfect and set aside. When potting, the plant should not be buried too deep, and it is appropriate to take the original depth. 5.2 Water and fertilizer. The plants in the new pot can be watered once, and then keep the soil moist. When the new bud grows to about 3 cm, it begins to apply all-element liquid fertilizer based on nitrogen fertilizer, once every semimonthly. After budding, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was applied until flowering, nitrogen fertilizer was applied in time after flowering, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied properly during flower bud differentiation, and water content was controlled. 5.3 plastic pruning. Pruning is very important for peach blossoms, which can not only shape the tree shape, adjust the tree potential, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree, but also inhibit overgrowth and promote flower bud differentiation. As potted peach blossoms, they usually choose the spindle type with the trunk rather than the happy type. Peach blossoms have the characteristics of moving out year by year, and the renewal method is usually used in shaping and pruning. Peach blossoms in spring, focusing on pruning after flowering, leaving 2-4 buds at the base of flowering branches for short cutting, and most adventitious buds will sprout near the cut mouth after short truncation. When the buds grow to 1 cm, the optional direction is suitable, high and low slightly scattered and robust buds, keep 4-5 buds, erase excess buds. When the remaining buds grow to 2-3 cm, according to the growth strength of the tree and the distribution of branches, 1-3 buds are retained at each cut, becoming the main flowering branch in the second year. When the remaining branches are more than 30 cm, if the terminal buds continue to grow, one coring should be carried out. After the first coring, 2 branches often sprout at the top. When the branches grow to 20-30 cm, if they have not yet entered summer dormancy, another coring should be carried out to inhibit vegetative growth. During the whole growing period, the heart can be removed for 2-3 times until dormancy in winter and enter the cold room in early December. Winter pruning should be carried out during the dormancy period, except for harmful branches, weak branches, drooping branches, erect branches and disturbing branches, autumn shoots should be cut off from the base, so that nutrients are concentrated on spring shoots and summer shoots during flowering. (6) the key to the control of florescence is to control the dormancy period and the selection of varieties and plants. 6.1 selection of varieties. Single-petal varieties are easy to control, but the ornamental value is not high. Semidouble and double-petal varieties are better. Flower color is determined according to use and personal preference, and pure white, pink, red and gold are better. 6.2 selection of plants. Plants with strong growth, beautiful tree shape, full and dense flower buds and growing for 2-3 years should be selected to promote cultivation. At the same time, the cultivated plants should retain the flower buds as much as possible when pruning. 6.3 facilitate cultivation. The dormancy period of the plant was broken in advance by low temperature treatment to make it bloom ahead of time. 6.3.1 low temperature treatment. The flower bud differentiation of peach blossom is generally from late September to early October. The organs of peach flowers basically form to blossom must go through a low temperature stage. After 40-50 days of-2 ℃-0 ℃, after full dormancy, they are put into the greenhouse 45-50 days before the scheduled flowering and gradually warmed up. Take the Spring Festival flowering as an example, after low temperature treatment, the temperature should not be heated too quickly in the middle of December, 10 ℃-15 ℃ in the initial stage and 20 ℃-25 ℃ in the later stage, otherwise flower buds and leaf buds germinate at the same time, affecting the ornamental effect. Promote flower bud germination and flowering, if the low temperature stage is not enough, it is not easy to blossom or poor flowering after heating. 6.3.2 maintenance and management. During the period of promoting cultivation, there is generally no fertilization before flowering, and the needs of flowering can be met by relying on the nutrients stored in the tree. If necessary, phosphate and potassium liquid fertilizer can be applied once from the bud expansion period to the transparent period. At the same time, we should often maintain a high air humidity, and often spray water on the branches to facilitate flower bud germination, but the basin soil should not be too wet. In addition, during the heating period, the plant should fully see the light, especially when the bud is transparent, otherwise the flower color is lighter and not gorgeous. After the buds begin to penetrate, you should stop spraying water so as not to affect the ornamental value of water droplets falling on the flowers. (7) many kinds of diseases and insect pests can occur in the production of peach blossoms, especially in the process of promoting cultivation in the greenhouse, due to environmental factors such as poor ventilation, leaf diseases and pests such as aphids, shell insects, whitefly and so on are very easy to occur. therefore, it is necessary to do a good job of prevention before plant germination, spraying stone-sulfur mixture and other protective agents. Once diseases and insect pests are found in production, sterilization or insecticides should be sprayed in time.