Grafting Seedling raising techniques and Management points of Plum Blossom

Plum blossom has been praised by many poets since ancient times. Plum blossom is widely cultivated in the Yangtze River Basin in China, and its planting and application prospect is good. The following editor will show you the techniques of plum blossom reproduction and cultivation for reference!

I. selection and preparation of rootstocks

1. Species and characteristics of rootstocks

Apricot rootstock  

Siberian apricot or Liaoshan apricot has strong affinity with plum blossom, the interface is firm, and then the tree grows taller and blossoms in the third year.

Peach rootstock  

The affinity between mountain peach and plum blossom is also good, the height and crown width of the tree is larger than that of mountain apricot, the life span of the tree is not as good as that of mountain apricot rootstock, and the flowering age is slightly later than that of mountain apricot rootstock.

Hairy cherry rootstock  

The affinity between hairy cherry and plum blossom is not as good as that of mountain apricot, but the survival rate is also higher, the tree body is dwarfed, the flowering stage is early, and the life span is slightly shorter.

two。 Sowing and breeding rootstock seedlings

The suitable sowing time is from late October to early November in late autumn and early winter. Early spring germinates early, the emergence rate is high, and the seedling growth is large in that year, but if there is extremely little snow and little rain in winter and spring, the seedling emergence rate is very low.

Fruit picking and seed treatment were carried out from late June to mid-August. The fruits of mountain apricot, hairy cherry and mountain peach were picked in time, the flesh was removed, the seeds were removed and dried and stored in the shade. Before sowing in late October, soak the seeds in cold water for 2 days and 3 nights to make the kernels fully absorb water and swell.

Choose flat land or gentle slope land, preferably loam soil, spread farm manure evenly on the surface, the amount of fertilizer is 3000 kg / mu, and the soil is 20 cm deep. Press 1. 1 m x 0. Make a bed with a width, height and length of 1 m × 20 m. Cofferdams with a height of 5 cm and a width of 5 cm should be repaired around the edge of the bed for irrigation.

When sowing, press 1520 cm ditch distance on the bed surface along the bed, open a ditch 4 cm deep, pour enough bottom water into the ditch, wait for underwater infiltration, and sow the seeds of mountain apricot and mountain peach according to 6 cm seed spacing. The thickness of cover soil is 4 '5cm for apricot and peach, and 3. 0-3. 5 cm for hairy cherry. 0 ~ 3. 5 cm, tread solid after covering the soil. The per mu sowing rate of mountain apricot, mountain peach and hairy cherry is 30kg, 50kg and 15kg respectively. Conditional bed had better be covered with 1 cm thick straw curtain or fine straw section.

In April of the next spring, a number of droughts sprayed water on the bed in time. Those covered with straw curtains should be removed in time, while those covered with fine crushed straw need not be removed. From May to August, pulling grass or shoveling the ground for 4 ~ 6 times. If aphids are harmful from May to July, spray 20% oxycyanide 1000 times solution to control. Pour overwintering water on the bed once in early winter.

3. Spring sowing

If preparing for spring sowing next year, the seeds should be soaked in clean water for 48 hours at the end of December, removed and mixed with 3 times wet sand, stored in a cellar of-5 ~ 5 ℃, and sowed in batches at the beginning of April. Sowing methods and management are the same as autumn sowing.

In late autumn or early spring, buy large rootstock seedlings with a diameter of 2 cm and 5 cm from other places and press 0. 5 cm. 2. 0. 6 meters × 0. The plant and row spacing of 6 meters are transplanted in the nursery and can be grafted in the same year or the next year.

II. Transplantation, grafting and management

1. Transplant

For 1 ~ 2-year-old grafted seedlings to be grafted after transplantation, 0. 5%. 1 ~ 0. 2 meters × 0. 6-meter plant and row spacing transplant; if you are going to cultivate 5-7-year-old grafted seedlings, press 0. 5%. 3 ~ 0. 6 meters × 0. 61.2m plant and row spacing transplant.

The time and method of transplantation were in early November or mid-April. Soil preparation, fertilization and cutting off part of the root system before transplanting, leaving the root length of about 15 cm, soaking for 24 hours, planting seedlings at a predetermined distance, and watering enough water after transplantation.

two。 Grafting operation

Those who plant rootstocks at close range and are ready for grafting are generally dominated by hard branch grafting and supplemented by bud grafting. If it is transplanted in autumn of that year, it can be split or budded in the spring of the following year. For those transplanted in the following spring, hard branch splicing can be carried out on the 30th to 40th day after transplantation. If the rootstock is planted over a long distance, when the diameter of the rootstock reaches 3-4 cm at the height of 1 meter, the hard branches should be grafted and split from April to May.

(1) Hardwood split  

The scion branches of one-year-old plum blossoms were cut and stored in a cold place from February to March. The ear length is 6-7 cm, there are 2 healthy buds above the cutting surface, and the cutting surface is 2-3 cm long. The two cutting faces are wedge-shaped. In the middle or one side of the cross section, the cutting length of the scion is 2. 0 ~ 2. 5 cm, insert the cutting surface of the scion into the cut of the rootstock, align one side of the cambium with 1. 0 ~ 1. 5 cm wide plastic strip tightly bind the interface, do not miss the seam. One anvil and one ear after another. At the required height, cut 3cm to 4cm to retain the branch in advance, and the length of the remaining branch is 10 ~ 20cm. The operation method is the same as the low split. The diameter of hardwood split rootstock is 0. 5 ~ 1.5 cm, ear diameter is 0. 5 cm. 5 ~ 1.2 cm. In general, the thickness of the ear is equal to that of the anvil.

(2)   grafting with hardwood cuttings

The length of the ear is 6 ~ 8 cm, and the base end of the ear is 2. 5%. 5 ~ 3. 0 cm of the Mal-shaped cutting surface. At 1. 0 ~ 1. 5 meters above the surface or 5 ~ 10 centimeters high, cut or saw off the rootstock. Break the cortex of the rootstock (from mid-April to early May), insert the scion cutting surface, make the ear cutting surface and the xylem of the rootstock firmly, and wrap the interface with 4cm plastic strip. Each rootstock with low grafting has one ear, and each rootstock with high grafting has 2 ~ 4 ears. The suitable anvil diameter for skin grafting is 1.5 ~ 5.0 cm, and the ear diameter is 0. 5 ~ 1.0 cm, the ear diameter is 1 / 2 ~ 1 / 3 of the rootstock diameter, and the interface of hardwood grafting cuttings should be closed.

(3)   with wood budding.

There are two kinds of grafting in this method, namely, new shoot with wood bud grafting and annual branch wood bud grafting. The former was carried out in the non-peeling period of rootstocks from June to July, while the latter was conducted in April. At 1 cm above the bud, the knife cut into the wood at an angle of 10 °~ 15 °to 1 cm below the bud, and then cut into the wood at an angle of 30 °at 1 cm below the bud to intersect with the upper knife, and remove the bud. Cut a notch at the required height of the rootstock, about 2 cm long and 1 ~ 2 mm deep, stick the bud on the rootstock inlay to align one side of the cambium, and wrap the interface with a plastic strip about 1 cm wide. It can be used for low connection and multi-use, or for high receiver. Embedded bud grafting and bud grafting save buds, but the growth of new shoots germinated by bud grafting is lower than that of branch grafting, especially one-year-old branch embedded bud grafting.

(4) T-shaped budding  

The length of the shearing petiole is 0. 5 cm, cross-cut the cortex at 1 cm above the scion bud, then cut into all the openings on the wood at an angle of 10 °~ 15 °at 1 cm below the bud, and break off the bud. At the required height of the rootstock, cut a T-shaped incision, and insert the grafting bud into the T-shaped incision, so that the upper edge of the grafting bud is connected with the horizontal knife edge of the T-shaped incision of the rootstock, and the interface buds need to leak with narrow plastic strips. Low vaccination is more useful, and the most suitable period is within the second half of autumn. It should be pointed out that the two bud grafting methods are more likely to affect the survival rate of grafting than branch grafting, so the application of bud grafting should be reduced in production.

3. Then the management of the same year

(1) Shearing anvil  

For T-shaped bud grafting in August, the anvil was cut off at the upper end of the bud before and after the Qingming Festival. 2 cm. If the buds were embedded in 4 ~ 6 months, the buds were grafted and the rootstocks were cut after germination.

(2) de-cute

When the length of the shoot on the rootstock reaches 5 ~ 15 cm, the bud can be wiped off many times as soon as possible, but it is more labor-intensive, and it can also be wiped 2 ~ 3 times. When the shoot of the rootstock reaches about 15 cm, it will save time and will not have a great effect on the growth of buds.

(3) unbind  

The bud grafting can be carried out at the same time as the cutting anvil, and the binding strip can be cut with a sharp knife. The branch should be cut off when the bud on the scion germinates and the shoot grows to 15 ~ 20 cm. If the scion is unbound prematurely, the healing tissue is less, and the scion should fall or wither; unbinding too late will cause the new tip of the scion to break easily due to constriction.

All right, that's all about plum blossom breeding methods today. If you also plant plum blossoms, you can come to Huinong to learn the technology!

Key points of Flower Management in February

The key points of flower management in February-the weather characteristics of February: this month is the last month of winter, and it is also the cold time of the year, second only to January. By the end of February, the weather began to warm and transition to spring, and a considerable number of flowers began to turn from winter dormancy to recovery. The flower events this month mainly include the following aspects: first, continue to do a good job in cold protection and heat preservation of potted flowers in protection facilities; second, do a good job in pruning and changing pots of some woody flowers after flowering; third, do a good job in the preliminary preparations for cutting, grafting and sowing seedlings of some flower species.

1. The kinds of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse or greenhouse in February are: calendula, cyclamen, dwarf sunflower, asparagus, big rock tree, begonia, red and blue flower, cornflower, chrysanthemum, wheat straw chrysanthemum, red, marigold, peacock chrysanthemum, petunia, Cymbidium, Fulukao, Prunus chinensis, moth butterfly, goldfish grass, golden lotus, pansy and so on. The seeds that can be sown in the open field at the end of February are Magnolia, Michelia, heather, maple, begonia (Rosaceae) seeds that have been cracked by sand storage treatment, as well as camphor, Liriodendron chinense, privet, rich seeds, fire thorns, palms, Koeluan trees, disease-free seeds, seven-leaf trees, cloves, etc.; seeds such as Chimonanthus praecox, Chimonanthus chinensis, and wisteria should be soaked for 24 to 48 hours, wait for the seeds to absorb enough water before sowing. Late fragrant jade bulbs and red bulbs can also be planted in greenhouses or greenhouses in February.

2. The species of woody ornamental plants that can be cut in the open field or covered with plastic film in February are as follows: plum blossom (palace powder, green calyx and other varieties cut off annual branches after flowering), Phyllostachys pubescens, hibiscus (southern region), crape myrtle, Ruixiang (southern region), fragrant, pomegranate, Admiralty, welcome spring, Jasminum, June snow, hibiscus, hypericum (plum), Spiraea, ten great efforts, boxwood, oil hemp stalk and so on. The branches of lilac and Lingxiao hidden in sand can also be cut at this time. In the first ten days of February, we can continue to cut the branches such as sea immortal flower, Shu Shu, eight immortal flower, Tamarix, Fatong, grape, fig and so on for storage treatment for cutting at the end of March.

The ornamental plants that can be cut indoors in February are: Fusang, triangular flower, African violet (leaf cutting), bamboo crabapple, red-backed cinnamon, a string of red, geranium, jasmine, pearl orchid, bergamot, jade tree, jade leaf, stone lotus, epiphyllum, lotus flower, cold water flower, rooting on the ground, longevity flower, Rieger begonia, dragon spit bead, goose palm wood, Guangdong evergreen, Zhu Jiao and so on.

3. In the grafting room, one-year-old stout seedlings of Pinus elliottii were used as rootstocks, Japanese five-needle pine, golden pine, white bark pine and so on were grafted, and then covered with film for heat preservation and moisturization. One-year-old seedlings such as apricot and hairy peach were used as rootstock to cut and breed red leaf plum, plum blossom, green peach, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, purple leaf peach and so on. In the south of the Yangtze River, when the leaf buds on the branches of Chimonanthus przewalskii grow to the size of the wheat grain, the seedlings of Chimonanthus praecox with a diameter of about 0.8 to 1.2 cm are used as rootstock, and excellent varieties such as "Suxin", "Xinkou" and "Tiger's foot" are cut and bred, and the bagging inflatable and moisturizing measures are adopted, and the survival rate is higher. Taking the sturdy branches of rose "Elizabeth" as rootstock, cutting or splitting the scion of rose, and adopting the measures of first grafting and then cutting and then covering with plastic film to keep moisture and cold, the survival rate of grafting can be greatly improved.

4. The ornamental plants that can be cultivated by pressing in February are: plum blossom, wax plum, pedicel begonia, sweet-scented osmanthus, purple magnolia, gardenia, brocade flower, Luo Han pine, emerald cypress, snowball, Qionghua, Yingchun, golden bell, hypericum, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, spray snow, red maple, smile and so on.

5. The herbaceous flower species that can be cultivated in February are Iris, Shegan, onion orchid, Ophiopogon, auspicious grass, evergreen, purse peony, Hosta, purple calyx, small Taran, pineapple, purple evergreen, Jianlan, Chunlan, Cymbidium, kidney fern, hanging orchid, ground rooting, canna, bamboo taro, tortoise bamboo, fruit taro, crane orchid, magnolia, aloe and so on. The woody flower species that can be cultivated in February are: Phyllostachys pubescens, hibiscus, Hypericum, Ten Gonglao, eight Immortals, Begonia, Jiexiang, Yingchun, Admiralty, Canary, Snow spray, Safflower Spiraea, Jasmine, Pearl Orchid, Tiger thorn, Purple Magnolia, four Seasons Cinnamon, Phoenix tail Bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on. Key points of management of flower culture in December

Key points of flower culture management in December 1. The types of flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse in December are: big rock tree, asparagus, gentleman orchid, bulb begonia, cyclamen, winter coral, African chrysanthemum and so on. The types of flowers and trees that can be picked or planted outdoors or stored in sand are: rose (such as Elizabeth), Phyllostachys pubescens, rich seeds, holly, fiery thorns, palms, privet, camphor, lobular privet, disease-free, heather, cypress and so on.

2. The woody ornamental flowers and trees that can be cut in the open field in December are plum blossom (mainly palace powder, green calyx, etc.), rose (mainly Elizabeth, abundant rose, miniature rose, etc.). Red leaf plum, wax plum (heel cutting), Spiraea, yellow poplar and so on. Among them, yellow soil should be used for cutting plum blossom and red leaf plum, mixed substrate of rice chaff ash and fine sand 2 ∶ 1 should be used for rose cutting, and general sandy soil should be used for other kinds of cutting, which can be covered with plastic film to keep heat and moisture.

In the greenhouse, African violets can be cultivated in leaves; combined with pruning, mulberry, geranium, lotus flower, epiphyllum, gemstone, stone lotus, purslane, rooting, longevity flower, golden bract, shrimp flower, four seasons begonia, bamboo begonia, Rieger begonia, pearl orchid, jasmine, Longtuzhu, five-colored plum, goose palm wood, Ruixiang, green apple, Zhu Jiao and so on. Using cold room nursery bed, you can also cultivate gardenia, Jinxin (Phnom Penh) boxwood, ten meritorious services, hypericum, Admiralty, Yingchun, Luohansong, Luohanbai, June snow, firethorn, silver bud willow, three branches and so on. In addition, branches such as Lingxiao, cloves and grapes can be cut for sand storage and cut again next spring.

3. Excellent varieties of grafted plum blossom, such as bone red and cinnabar, can be used in December to dig up the rootstocks and split or cut the rootstocks, then plant them on the seedling bed according to a certain row spacing, bury the soil above the grafting site, or even cover most of the grafted ear, pay attention not to seep into the joint when watering, cover the plastic film to keep warm and moisturize, and then remove the covered plastic film in spring after the scion sprouts. Use the excavated wild rose plant to bud the rose of the superior variety, or use the robust branch segment of the Elizabeth rose variety (10 to 12 cm long) to cut or split the scion of the superior variety at the top, and then sow the grafted Elizabeth ear segment into a loose seedbed. The grafting part can be buried in the sandy soil, do not infiltrate into the interface when watering, cover the plastic film to keep moisture and heat preservation, remove the covered plastic film after the scion sprouts in the next spring, and then cut the binding belt of the joint with a blade after it is completely alive. In addition, it can also be bagged indoors to moisturize the abdomen and connect the red maple.

4. The feasible species of flowers and trees for striping culture in December are: Luohansong, plum blossom, camellia, sweet-scented osmanthus, Michelia mollissima, pedicel begonia, purple magnolia, snowball, brocade, gardenia, spring, golden bell, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, Qionghua, snow spray, pomegranate and so on.

5. The herbaceous flower species that can be cultivated in December are: onion orchid, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass, hairpin, purple calyx, safflower grass, one-leaf orchid, Jian orchid, spring orchid, cymbidium, kidney fern, shoot stem, iris, big leaf Ophiopogon japonicus, along the steps, evergreen, rooting, Guangdong evergreen. The offspring at the base of the ramet cut from the large colored leaf pineapple must be small plants that have grown on the mother plant for three or four months, otherwise the color bands of the cut offspring are easy to disappear, which should be paid special attention.

The species of woody ornamental plants that can be cultivated in December are: southern bamboo, hypericum, ten meritorious plants, begonia, brown bamboo, safflower spiraea, golden finch, golden bell, Yingchun, Jasmine, jasmine, magnolia, gardenia, sisal, Phoenix tail bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on.

6. the grass flower seeds that can be harvested in December are generally the species of grass flowers that are transferred to the greenhouse or cold room, such as a string of red, thousand-day red, marigold, malachite, cyclamen, gentleman orchid and so on. The seeds of Cymbidium should be sown as they are picked.

The main woody ornamental plants that can collect seeds in December are: rose, wisteria, privet, lobular privet, pyracantha, rich seeds, holly, camphor, and heather. After treatment, these seeds are basically required to sprout in sand and can not be sown until the seeds are white in the coming year. Under dry storage, it is easy to lose vitality, resulting in the failure of sowing and breeding in the coming year.

7. Transplanting and planting herbaceous flowers that can be planted in flower beds and flower beds in December are: Carnation, kale, pansy, goldfish grass, calendula, daisies and so on. Some grass flowers can also be put in the greenhouse after potting, such as daisies, calendula, goldfish grass, kale, carnation, pansy and so on, which can be used for street display next spring.

In December, most deciduous greening trees and shrubs can be transplant, such as hibiscus, pomegranate, bauhinia, begonia, wax plum, plum blossom, white magnolia, purple magnolia, disease-free son, Luan tree, acacia tree, seven-leaf tree, red leaf plum, cherry blossom, papaya, two Arbor magnolia, crape myrtle, wisteria, Lingxiao, Linden, Liriodendron, red maple, blue peach, Robinia pseudoacacia, etc. On the other hand, the transplanting of evergreen trees and shrubs should be more cautious. the evergreen species that can be transplanted in winter are: privet, sweet-scented osmanthus, palm, Magnolia, camphor, rhododendron, holly and so on. When transplanting, we should first cut the strength of the main shoots and branches and delete most of the leaves. At the same time, we also need to bring large soil balls, the trunk is bound with grass rope to cover the plastic film, the trunk and big branches are cut to seal wax or film, so as to reduce water transpiration. After transplanting, we should often spray water on the leaves and tree trunks in order to ensure their normal survival.

The stumps and flowers that can be put on the pot in December are: plum blossom, wax plum pile, camellia, tea plum, pedicel begonia, vertical silk begonia. It is expected to blossom during the Spring Festival by putting it in the greenhouse and promoting the flowering treatment.

In December, potted hyacinths, tulips and daffodils continue to be put in the shed to promote flowering, which can promote their flowering before and after the Spring Festival.