Detailed explanation of propagation, pest control and afforestation techniques of Magnolia magnolia

Magnolia magnolia is a white variety of magnolia, beautiful flowers, high ornamental price, has always been loved by people. Below, the editor of Huinong Network will talk to you about Magnolia reproduction and afforestation techniques for pest control.

1 Biological characteristics and value of Magnolia mandshurica

1.1 morphological characteristics

Magnolia Magnolia, crown ovate, leaves alternate, leaf tip short and pointed, leaf base cuneate, large leaves Obovate, surface luster. The shoots and buds are covered with short villi, the branches and buds are dense in winter, and there are grayish green long hairs outside the buds. The whole plant blossoms first and then leaves, the flowers are pure white and fragrant, the petals and calyx are similar, and the florescence is 8-10 days. It blossoms from March to April and ripe fruit from September to October. The fruit is a black aggregate follicle with a heart-shaped seed. When the site condition is good, the height of the tree can reach more than 15 m.

1.2 Ecological habits

The cultivation of Magnolia Magnolia should choose slightly acidic soil below 200 m above sea level, sunny slope and deep soil layer. when the soil is poor, the growth rate is slow.

1.3 Economic value

Magnolia magnolia has a certain medicinal value, which contains volatile oil, mainly citral, clove oleic acid, alkaloid, decanoic acid, rutin, oleic acid, vitamin A, etc., which can be used for headache, nasal congestion, acute and chronic sinusitis and so on. at the same time, it also has an inhibitory effect on common skin fungi; because of its thick flesh and unique fragrance, the petals can be eaten fresh or dried.

2 raising seedlings

Magnolia Magnolia is often propagated by sowing, grafting, striping, root division and other methods, and the survival rate of cutting propagation is low. Magnolia Magnolia is routinely propagated by seed to raise seedlings. In the vegetation restoration of ecological public welfare forest, it is very important to select seedlings propagated from excellent provenances for afforestation.

2.1 seed harvesting and storage

2.1.1 seed collection

It is appropriate to choose middle-aged trees with more than 20 years old, straight stem shape, healthy growth, no diseases and insect pests and more fruit. When the pericarp of Magnolia magnolia hardens, turns red, and slightly cracks to reveal the red aril, the seeds can be collected and fully mature seeds can be collected. Seed collection began in late August and ended before September 20 in Anqing area. If the seed is collected too early, the immaturity of the seed will affect the germination rate; if the seed is collected too late, the aggregate fruit will crack completely, and the seed will fall off and is not easy to be collected, and it is easy to be gnawed by rats.

2.1.2 seed modulation

(1) threshing. After the fruit is picked, it should be spread out to dry. When the pericarp is cracked by itself, the seed can be removed and the red seed can be obtained. Avoid moisture in the drying process, the seeds will no longer crack after moisture, so it is necessary to avoid rain and dew.

(2) soaking seeds. When the seeds that have been removed are immersed in water, the full seeds will sink to the bottom of the water, and the empty grains and sundries will float on the surface to remove sundries such as empty grains. The time of soaking seeds is generally 1-2 days, not more than 2 days, during which the seeds should be turned frequently. 3% to 5% sodium hydroxide can be added during seed soaking, which helps to accelerate the softening of aril to facilitate cleaning.

(3) cleaning. Scrub repeatedly with plant ash to prevent mildew during storage. If there are obvious white spots in the hilum, it means that the seed is not washed clean, it is easy to cause mildew in the future and needs to be re-washed.

(4) Yin dryness. After cleaning, put the seeds in a ventilated place, the beach is thin and dry. The faster the process of drying, the better. In case of high humidity, you can use an electric fan to dry the surface of the seed and turn it by hand every half an hour. Taboo seeds are directly exposed to the sun, otherwise they will lose their vitality. Normal seeds are dark yellow to black. Seeds with light yellow and white colors should be picked out. The seeds will be basically dry after 20 days of shade drying.

2.1.3 Storage

Magnolia seeds are mostly stored in low temperature wet sand. Wash the ordinary river sand and disinfect it with 0.2% potassium permanganate. The humidity should be kneaded into a ball and dispersed. Storage method: one layer of sand and one layer of seeds are stacked indoors, and the thickness of each layer of sand is 2: 3 cm.

2.2 selection and treatment of nursery sites

Sowing seedbed production. Magnolia fleshy root, afraid of waterlogging, the nursery should choose sandy loam with high terrain and good drainage and irrigation conditions, achieve three ploughs and three harrows before sowing, apply sufficient basic fertilizer (the amount of fertilizer is rotten cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer 3000 kg/hm2), disinfect the soil with carbendazim or carbendazim to make a high bed with a flat bed. The surface of the bed is covered with yellow soil about 10 cm thick.

2.3 sowing and management

Sow seeds at the end of March and the beginning of April. Sowing seeds for 60 kg/hm2, covering sawdust or burning ash soil 0.2cm thick after sowing, spraying water to cover straw or sunshade net to keep the bed moist.

2.4 Disease and pest control

The seedling stage focuses on the prevention and control of seedling blight and root rot. There are many Rain Water in the plum rain season from June to July, and the humidity is too high, so it is easy to get sick. It is necessary to remove the diseased plants in time and burn them centrally; spray 300 times 600 times Bordeaux solution or 65% 600 times Dysen zinc solution when the disease occurs, or irrigate with 70% methyl thiophanate 1000 times wettability solution.

3 afforestation

3.1 site selection

Magnolia should choose the middle or lower sunny slope with medium or deep soil layer, and the loose acid or slightly acidic soil in valleys and foothills should be avoided, and the lowland with stagnant water and the flat land with poor drainage should be avoided.

3.2 afforestation and land preparation

The cave soil preparation is adopted, and the specification is 40 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm. Remove tree roots, stones, weeds and so on. When preparing the soil, it is necessary to separate the topsoil from the core soil, and backfill the topsoil first and then the core soil when backfilling. Backfilling can be carried out at the same time as fertilization.

3.3 planting density

The planting density of ecological public welfare forest should refer to the crown width of this tree species and be planted densely appropriately. In the afforestation of local ecological vegetation restoration, the planting density of Magnolia Magnolia is 3 m × 4 m.

3.4 mixed forest construction

In the subcompartment selection of vegetation restoration afforestation, mixed afforestation was carried out with two or more native tree species. Locally, choose magnolia and maple incense block mixture. Magnolia magnolia is planted deeply in the soil layer and maple incense is planted shallowly in the soil layer.

3.5 afforestation time

The best afforestation time of Magnolia is before sprouting or before spreading leaves in the early stage of blooming. The seedlings were watered once 4-5 days before seedling emergence, so that the plants could absorb sufficient water, which was beneficial to the survival after planting and the soil ball formation when the seedlings were taken out. The root system should be damaged as little as possible when digging, and the soil ball should be taken when taking seedlings, and the diameter of the soil ball is 8-10 times of the ground diameter of the seedling. The earth ball is tied up with straw rope to prevent it from falling apart during transportation.

3.6 Technical requirements for afforestation

In the afforestation technology, we should do the following: with planting, shorten the time as far as possible and keep the roots moist; trim the necessary roots and branches before planting; big seedlings should be planted with soil balls, dig big holes, re-apply base fertilizer, and set up supports in time after planting; proper deep planting can inhibit tillering and is beneficial to growth; watering should be done immediately after planting.

4. Tending and management

4.1 weeding and loosening the soil

In order to promote the growth of young forest, green shrubs can be interplanted from afforestation to canopy closure. Combined with the water and fertilizer management of green seedlings, the young forest was loosened and weeded from May to August to promote the growth of young forest.

4.2 Water and fertilizer management

Magnolia likes fertilizer, in addition to the application of base fertilizer when planting, it should be properly fertilized every year since then. Fertilization was carried out four times a year, that is, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once before flowering to improve flowering quality and beneficial to spring growth; applying nitrogen fertilizer once after anthesis to increase plant growth and expand nutrient area; applying phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once from July to August to promote flower bud differentiation and improve the Lignification degree of new branches; applying circle fertilizer with ripening fermentation before winter can improve soil activity and soil temperature.

4.3 plastic pruning

Magnolia mandshurica has strong sprouting and fecundity, and often sprouts to form multiple dry strips, which affects the formation and growth of the trunk. In order to control the growth of sprouting strips, the sprouting strips can be chopped off, the stem shape can be arranged and the trunk growth can be maintained within 1-2 years before and after canopy closure.

4.4 Disease and pest control

Magnolia magnolia is a tree species with strong disease resistance, which is mainly harmed by longicorn beetles and occasionally underground pests such as grubs. Green Weilei 500 times solution can be selected to kill longicorn beetles, 50% zinc parathion emulsion 1000 times liquid root irrigation to kill grubs.

The above is the Huinong net Xiaobian collation about Magnolia reproduction and pest control afforestation techniques, you have learned? Magnolia cultivation benefits are considerable, want to plant Magnolia friends should not miss it.

The disease and pest control of potted Magnolia Magnolia (Michelia alba DC.) is a variety with white flowers in Magnolia. Also known as Mulan, Magnolia and so on. Deciduous trees of Magnoliaceae, usually 2-5 m or up to 15 m high. The flowers are white, large and fragrant, the first leaves open and the florescence is about 10 days. Famous flowers and trees in China, important ornamental trees in early spring in northern China, and municipal flowers in Shanghai have been cultivated for about 2500 years. They are valuable ornamental trees in the garden. It is native to central China and is now cultivated in Beijing and south of the Yellow River basin. In ancient times, it was mostly planted in front of pavilions, platforms, buildings and cabinets. Now it is more common in gardens, factories and mines to plant alone, scattered planting, or on both sides of the road as street trees. There are also potted plants with piled scenery in the north. Now it has been introduced and cultivated all over the world.

Disease and pest control of potted magnolia 1. After picking leaves and hearts, after each batch of flowers, a small number of old leaves should be removed to promote the growth of new branches and the formation of flower buds. During the growth of the plant, it is necessary to often pick the heart, control the apical dominance, and promote multiple lateral branches. Second, replenish nutrients. This is a part of flowering management. The organic liquid fertilizer mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium was applied once in 5-7 days in October, such as rotten cake fertilizer and water. Fertilization should be thin and frequently applied, or take the method of first light and then dense application, do not apply raw fertilizer, otherwise it will burn roots. At the same time, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was foliar sprayed every 7-10 days. Third, watering Magnolia is a fleshy root, which needs water and is afraid of stagnant water. Water once a day from early summer to late autumn to keep the soil moist. When pouring with tap water, it is necessary to prevent soil Alkalization. If leaves are found to be yellowed, 0.7% Mel 0.8% acid vinegar can be used to irrigate the roots, or 0.3% Mel 0.4% acid vinegar can be used to spray leaves; the effect is good. In the rainy season, there should be no water in the basin, otherwise the roots will rot. 4. Magnolia Magnolia needs sufficient sunlight and should be maintained on sunny land with long sunshine and strong light during its growth, especially during flowering; the light should not be less than 6 hours a day. If you keep it in a cool place, it will only grow leaves but not blossom, or blossom very little, the branches are slender, the leaves are light, and the leaves are thin and dull, which is disadvantageous to growth. Fifth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in addition to the prevention and control of chlorosis and root rot, but also anthrax. If the disease is found, the diseased plants and leaves should be removed, and 50% carbendazim 500-800 times solution should be sprayed to the leaves at the same time, or 70% topiramate 800-fold solution should be used for control. It is found that aphids harm buds and buds, so you can use 500 times liquid detergent to kill them, and then spray branches and leaves with clean water. Scale insects can be sprayed with 0.3% Mel 0.4% acid and vinegar. Control and Application of Common Diseases and insect pests of Magnolia Magnolia

Common diseases and insect pests of Magnolia Magnolia: anthracnose, leaf spot, fried cicada, red wax scale, blow cotton scale, red spider, big coir moth, longicorn beetle and so on. However, there are longicorn beetles that eat branches and roots, which can sometimes kill the tree. if sawdust dung is found, you should look for wormholes, dip dichlorvos with cotton balls into the wormholes, and then seal them with mud. 1. Fried cicadas. The nymphs of this insect suck the sap from the roots of flowers in the soil. In addition to sucking the juice of the main leaves, the female will insert the ovipositor on the branches to lay eggs, causing the branches to die. 2. Search and kill the newly unearthed mature nymphs in time. 3. If it happens more often, you can light a fire near the tree pole at night in hot summer weather, shake the branches, make the cicada burn to death, and kill the cicada that falls outside the fire. 4. Apply sticky tung oil or a sticky ball kneaded with cobwebs to the end of the pole to catch adults. From 5.4 to August, the spawning branches were inspected and cut off in time. 6.. Red wax scale. This nymph and adult suck flower juice, and their excrement often causes coal fouling disease, forming a layer of black mold or thick black film on the leaves, making the whole plant a black tree, weak and haggard in shape, rarely blooming or unable to blossom at all. 7. In winter and early spring, combined with pruning to remove some wormy branches. 8. If the injured flowers and plants are less and shorter, they can be scraped off manually in winter and spring. 9. During the peak incubation period of nymphs, 25% imidophos EC lO00 or 40% omethoate EC 1500 times, once every 4-6 days, 3 times can be effective. 10. When introducing flowers and seedlings, they should be carefully checked to prevent worms from being brought in. Disease control anthracnose prevention and control methods to strengthen water and fertilizer management, enhance tree potential, improve disease resistance; remove diseased leaves in time, remove fallen leaves at the end of autumn and concentrate on burning; if the disease can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil wettable granule 800 times or 70% anthrax Fumei 500 times liquid, once every 10 days, continuous spraying 3 to 4 times can effectively control the disease. Chlorosis is a kind of physiological disease, which is mainly caused by excessive stickiness of soil, excessive pH value and insufficient supply of iron. 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution can be used to irrigate roots, or 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution can be used for leaf spraying, and more farm manure should be applied. Leaf burn control methods to increase watering times, keep the soil moist; apply more organic fertilizer to enhance the tree potential, improve the plant resistance; whitening or entangling the tree.