How to manage miniature bonsai? Explanation on the main points of maintenance and management of miniature bonsai

Now many people will put some miniature bonsai plants at home, or hang miniature plant bonsai on the wall, which can be used for viewing, saving space. Because miniature bonsai flowers and trees are not as cold-resistant, wind-resistant and pest-resistant as ordinary potted plants, we should pay more attention to them when maintaining miniature bonsai. Don't forget to manage them because of carelessness. You should know that in serious cases, it will lead to the death of the whole plant. But don't be afraid, as long as you master the key points of miniature bonsai maintenance and management, you don't have to worry about it. Then the editor will take a look at the key points of miniature bonsai maintenance and management.

1. Tree species selection

Plants with small leaves, short stems, strong vitality, easy survival after potting, resistance to pruning and easy pruning should be selected, and trees with small leaf shape, strong sprouting ability and shade tolerance should be selected (because they are hung on the wall at home, so the environment is dark). For example, small leaf Luo Han pine, June snow, four seasons pomegranate, kumquat, cherry blossom, plum blossom, begonia, crape myrtle, bauhinia, cymbidium, orchid, ivy, honeysuckle, small Phoenix tail bamboo, short dry asparagus, cycad, evergreen and so on.

2. Upper basin

After selecting the plant, the plant is required to be in a suitable basin according to the shape of the plant, shallow rectangular or waist round basin is selected for straight and oblique stem in single-dry modeling, square, polygonal, chrysanthemum-shaped or crabapple-shaped basin can be used for curved stem, and deep tube-shaped basin is suitable for semi-cliff or full cliff type. After the plant is put on the basin, the water supply is provided by soaking the basin, and the basin surface needs to be covered with moss, which is helpful to maintain the humidity of the basin soil and prevent Rain Water from washing the soil away when watering. The plant needs to be shaded as soon as it is put on the pot, or placed in a cool and ventilated place.

3. Watering

Miniature bonsai can be watered by immersion basin method, or watered with a self-made small spray can in the spring and autumn season, once in the morning and evening. In hot summer, you need to water regularly, especially the leaves. In winter, due to the relatively high temperature, water can be watered every 2-3 days.

4. Fertilization

Miniature bonsai has less soil in the pot, which makes the nutrients effective, so it is necessary to apply fertilizer in time. Apply some dilute liquid fertilizer before the miniature bonsai sprouting, fertilize in time during the prosperous growth period, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to ornamental flowers and fruits, and apply dilute liquid fertilizer once or twice after flowering, which is beneficial to large flowers, colorful colors and more fruits.

5. Modelling

The modeling is suitable for sprouting from winter to the following spring, when the plant is knocked out of the basin and cut off the main root, leaving the lateral root and whisker root, and then pruning and pruning the branches. The selected plants are relatively small, do 1 or 2 bends, leave 2-3 branches as well, pay attention to not too luxuriant branches and leaves, dense and clear, in order to show its artistic shape, for the cliff type can be modeled by lead wire winding or brown wire ligation.

6. Turn the basin and change the soil

The growth environment of miniature bonsai is narrow, so the soil needs to be changed in time, generally coniferous miniature bonsai should be changed every 2-3 years, and miscellaneous trees should be changed every 1-2 years. The best time to turn the basin is in late autumn and early spring, no more watering before turning the basin. After the basin soil comes out, gently straighten out the roots with bamboo needles, cut off the old roots, dead roots, overlong roots and excess roots, and promote the better growth of bonsai.

How to make miniature bonsai for trees? Key points of making miniature bonsai of trees

How to make miniature bonsai for trees? Nowadays, many people put some tree miniature bonsai in their homes to decorate their houses, and tree miniature bonsai is the most important part of the miniature bonsai family, so today the editor will briefly talk about the main points of making tree miniature bonsai. I hope it can be helpful to everyone.

one. Variety selection of trees for miniature bonsai

The varieties of trees used for miniature bonsai generally choose plants with graceful posture, short plants, evergreen, shade tolerance, small leaf shape, long life, resistance to pruning and flat binding, strong vitality, and easy to cultivate and model. to put it simply, it is a small and delicate variety. For example, pine and cypress are five-needle pine, Osaka pine, black pine, Luohan pine, gold pine, white pine, real cypress, yellow cypress, juniper, juniper, pearl ground cypress, etc.; miscellaneous wood view leaves are sparrow plum, red maple, elm, ginkgo, small leaf holly, tiger thorn, opposite section white wax, lobular yellow poplar, fragrant wood, etc.; ornamental fruits include pomegranate, Chinese wolfberry, June snow, Fujian tea, pyracantha, lobular welcome spring, golden finch and so on. Vines are honeysuckle, thunderbolt, Fufang vine, Parthenocissus, ivy and so on. The miniature bonsai of trees can be obtained by grafting, old branch cutting, striping, interplanting, root division and seedling cultivation in the greenhouse sand bed.

2. The production process of ultra-miniature bonsai of trees

(1) the variety selection of miniature bonsai of trees.

The plants with high 5~15cm and thick 1~3cm should be selected, such as Japanese five-needle pine, Osaka pine, black pine and so on.

(2) Reproduction

The miniature bonsai materials of trees are propagated by grafting, old branch cutting, striping, interplanting, root division, seedling cultivation, wild pile excavation and so on.

(3) rough cultivation of tree embryos.

The straight branch can be used as straight stem or jungle type, the curved stem can be used as curved dry type, the long and strong root can be used as stone-attached type or claw-like type, and the inclined stem can be used as oblique dry type or cliff type. Miniature bonsai modeling of trees is generally realized by pruning, banding, heart-picking and other techniques.

(4) replacement of precision basin

After the material has been cured and shaped in the mud basin, the fine basin should be replaced for viewing. The length of the long basin should be 12-25cm, the depth should be 3-5cm, the diameter of the round basin should be 8-12cm, and the depth should be about 6-8cm.

Maintenance and management of miniature bonsai

Miniature bonsai, very little potted soil, limited preservation of water and nutrients, a little neglect, all hard work and wishes will be wasted. The main results are as follows: (1) frequently watering miniature bonsai basin is small, shallow and less mud, which can not be compared with general bonsai, so watering has become the key to maintenance. Usually the basin noodles are watered when they are dry, and they should be watered many times a day in summer. Miniature bonsai trees can be preserved on a sand bed, which maintains moisture to create a humid environment for bonsai. In summer, miniature bonsai trees should be placed in the shade of trees or under large bonsai to avoid strong direct sunlight. Curtains can also be used to shade the sun to reduce water evaporation; water can also be sprayed on the leaf surface, which can supplement the deficiency of root water absorption. Spraying water on the leaf surface can also wash away the dust on the leaf surface. Bonsai water for miniature trees is not restricted, but alkaline water should not be used, and the water temperature should be kept normal to reduce stimulation to plant roots. In winter, the basin should also pay attention to keep moist, easy to neglect watering in winter, once the dehydration time is too long, the root cells are difficult to restore water absorption capacity, the plant will wither.

2) fertilization in miniature bonsai is an important technique. The culture soil used in bonsai should have certain nutrients, but after a long time, the nutrients in the basin soil are exhausted and appear barren, which can not meet the needs of plant growth, so topdressing should be applied in time to make up for the deficiency. Generally speaking, fertilizer is mainly cake fertilizer, which includes rapeseed cake and bean cake. Cake fertilizer should be fully fermented before it can be used, and it should be diluted 10 to 15 times with clean water. Fertilization should be light rather than thick. Generally found in the basin soil after fertilization, easy to be absorbed by plants. If we can make reasonable fertilization according to the needs of plant growth, we can get twice the result with half the effort. If the plants in the growing period have a large demand for nitrogen, they can apply more cake fertilizer; for flowering and fruiting plants, they have a large demand for phosphorus and potassium, and they can apply more bone meal and mature fish fertilizer; if the leaves turn yellow and the new branches are thin and weak, nitrogen fertilizer should be added, and when the plants enter the dormant period, there is no need to apply fertilizer.

(3) the miniature miniature bonsai is easy to survive at first, sprouting leaves and full of vitality; in the second or third year, it will gradually lose its vitality and even wither. If the stump is taken out of the basin, it will be found that its roots are as dense as nests, and most of the soil has been squeezed out of the basin, so it is necessary to turn the basin once a year, trim part of the old roots and replace them with new soil rich in humus, so that the stump can re-root and absorb nutrients and maintain exuberant vitality for a long time. As for the time of turning the basin, the Spring Equinox is generally suitable in Shanghai. The management after turning the basin must keep up with it. After turning the basin, it should be placed in a shelter from the wind and shade for a week, and the leaves are often sprayed with water. After a week, people gradually move to the sun to carry out photosynthesis.

(4) after pruning and restoring plants grow for a period of time, the branches and leaves grow thickly and crowded, losing the graceful posture of the original good trees and verdant trees, so they should be trimmed in time to cut off the redundant branches, such as parallel branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, opposite branches, strong branches, and redundant leaves, and some even pick the heart buds, so that the miniature bonsai keeps the branches and leaves verdant showing bone strength, both in shape and spirit, and rich in painting. (5) Cold-proof and typhoon-proof miniature bonsai should be moved to the sunny place indoors in severe winter to prevent freezing and avoiding the cold. Before the typhoon comes, move to a safe place to prevent damage.

It is often said that bonsai is "three points of planting, seven points of conservation". With good trees and shapes, it still needs careful maintenance and management, not to mention that there is very little soil in miniature bonsai pots, limited moisture and nutrients, and a little negligence, all hard work and wishes will be wasted. Therefore, mastering the habits, growth rules and climate changes of all kinds of plants is closely related to the cultivation of bonsai.

Plants have growth and dormancy periods every year (there are three growth periods and two dormancy periods in Jiangsu and Zhejiang). The first growth period is from March to May around the Qingming Festival, when the earth returns to spring and ten thousand trees recover, which is the strongest growth period of the year. The second growth period is the inherent Meiyu season in the south, that is, May-June, when the climate is warm and Rain Water is abundant. It is the most suitable for plant growth. The third growth period is from September to November, around the Mid-Autumn Festival, when the temperature drops from the high temperature, and most plants begin to recover and enter the state of growth. The first dormancy period is from December of that year to February of the following year, and the second dormancy period is from July to August. One is a frozen day, the other is a high temperature day. From the change of air temperature, it can be seen that the best growth temperature of plants is 15 ℃-25 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 6 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃, most plants will go into dormancy. After we understand the growth period and dormancy period of plants, we apply fertilizer and water according to the habits of plants to meet the needs of the growth and development of stumps in the basin. In particular, watering is the foundation to maintain its life.

Miniature bonsai pots are tiny, and watering depends on the weather and temperature changes throughout the year, the environment and orientation of the bonsai. Water is one of the most important aspects that need to be provided by people in the process of conservation. Everything grows on the sun, and rain and dew nourish the seedlings. With the right method, plants can thrive. Watering depends on soil watering, seedling watering, no dry watering, watering thoroughly. Watering can not be half-watered, plants will be dehydrated and withered under dry conditions for a long time, such as watering too much, the basin soil has not been dry, and it is easy to cause new roots not to rot until death. Plants need plenty of water during the growing period and less during the dormant period. The summer temperature is high, the air is dry, and the water content of the basin soil can not keep up with the needs of plants, so it is necessary to water enough and spray water on the leaves, and it can not be watered until after 18:00 in the evening. Miniature bonsai is best to soak in a water basin until it does not bubble.

In fact, the above are principled management methods, the following is a convenient and effective trick: with strong water absorption capacity of the cultivation soil in the basin bottom hole cotton thread for automatic water diversion.

Then put the basin in the sink and use a cushion at the bottom to prevent the basin from falling under the water surface. This can not only maintain a stable soil moisture, but also increase the humidity of the local environment.