Cultivation and maintenance techniques of cyclamen and poinsettia in winter

Cyclamen and poinsettia are one of the common flowers in our lives, and because cyclamen and poinsettia are very colorful, they are loved by the majority of flower friends. so today the editor will briefly talk about cyclamen and poinsettia winter cultivation techniques and maintenance skills, hoping to be helpful to everyone, interested friends can also try to plant these two kinds of flowers.

1 Cyclamen winter cultivation and maintenance

Cyclamen originated in the Mediterranean coast and southern Europe, West Asia and other places, like sunny, warm and humid environment, avoid hot afraid of water, the most suitable growth temperature is 10-20 degrees, when the temperature exceeds 30 degrees easy to fall leaves dormant, temperature is below 5 degrees when the bulb is vulnerable to freezing damage, so in winter need greenhouse planting, planting requirements in loose, fertile, good drainage soil.

1.1 propagation method

Sowing propagation is the main method, but also can be divided bulb method for propagation, sowing propagation time in early September to mid-October is appropriate, before sowing need to be soaked in water for 24 hours after germination, at the same time before sowing also need to disinfect the soil and sowing pot generally 2 weeks can take root, 4~6 weeks can produce a cotyledon.

1.2 cultivation and management

1.2.1 Dividing seedlings and transplanting: When cyclamen grows 2~3 leaves, transplant and change pots when 5~6 leaves grow, and fix pots in September. Transplanting should take the whole root, after planting irrigation, pay attention to shading.

1.2.2 Temperature preservation and antifreezing: During the flowering period of cyclamen from November to March of the next year, the potted plants of cyclamen should be placed in front of the south window or 1m in front of the south closed balcony where light can be seen. The room temperature is required to be above 10℃. The foliar fertilizer of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate type is poured once every 15 months, and it can bloom in February to March.

1.2.3 Fertilizer and water temperature management: Cyclamen seedlings grow slowly, March to June of the next year is the peak growth period, during this period, liquid fertilizer should be applied twice a month, when the topsoil is dry, water should be poured thoroughly, and the temperature during the growth period should be about 18℃. July to August high temperature season will enter the dormant state, this time should control the water to stop fertilizer, when the temperature is high to put shade. If rot occurs (gray mold), available 75% chlorothalonil WP 1000 times liquid spray and irrigation.

1.2.4 Cut off the remaining flowers: The flowering period will be exhausted from April to May, so cut off the remaining flowers as soon as possible and put them in the outdoor sun. Pouring 1% compound fertilizer solution every 7 days to promote new leaves to grow until September, the potted plants need to be placed in a cool and ventilated place, keep the pot soil slightly wet, and do not fertilize. If the leaves shrink and turn yellow, 1~2g carbofuran can be buried along the edge of the pot to eliminate root knot nematodes.

1.2.5 Pot change or planting: dormant bulbs begin to sprout in September, old plants over 2 years old can be replaced with pot soil, old plants should be planted with soil lumps, the pot surface should be high in the center and low in the four sides after planting, and the second day after planting, the water should be poured into the shade to maintain, and the light can be increased after the new buds grow. And so on October enters the vigorous growth period may put under the sunlight maintenance. 1% compound fertilizer solution is applied once a week, and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed once a week. Before frost falls, move indoors, need to ask indoor temperature to maintain at 10~18℃, November can bloom.

2. Cultivation and maintenance of poinsettia in winter

Poinsettia is a perennial shrub flower of Euphorbia family. It blooms in December and is a rare product for decorating rooms and gardens in winter.

2.1 placed

Poinsettia likes light to the sun and fears darkness. Therefore, it should be placed in a place with sufficient sunlight. Do not put it in a dark, damp, unventilated and airtight place.

2.2 fertilization

Poinsettia is fertilized once every 15~20 days in winter, and the best fertilization is high-quality organic fertilizer and high-efficiency phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 40~ 50g of decomposed peanut cake fertilizer or tea seed cake fertilizer and 15~ 20g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high-efficiency biological phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied to clean water or 2~ 3kg of decomposed and deodorized human and livestock manure or biogas slurry in each pot. At the same time, every 10~15 days, spray 1500 times solution of Shengnong Chelate fertilizer on leaves, 800 times solution of special flower type Gaomei organic humic acid active liquid fertilizer, 1000 times EM original dew mixed solution, continuously spray 3-5 times, which is beneficial to supplement nutrients on leaves and promote winter flowering.

2.3 water supply

Poinsettia growth process requires sufficient water, every 2~3 days the roots of a shower of water, each time 2~3kg per pot, in winter dry weather spray 2~3 times a day on the foliage, spray every 5~6 hours.

2.4 spraying

Common diseases and insect pests of poinsettia in winter include leaf spot disease, anthracnose, powdery mildew, white silk disease, red spider, scale insect, aphid, rust tick, etc. Generally, the leaves are sprayed once every 15~20 days in winter with a mixture of 1000 times of Lesi solution and 800 times of methyl thiophane, or a mixture of 1000 times of Nongdile and 600 times of Redomil, or a mixture of 1000 times of Anlubao and 600 times of Santoxan alum, and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times for prevention and control.

Key Points of Winter Maintenance for Garden Flowers

Key Points of Winter Maintenance for Garden Flowers

(1)Winter climate characteristics China is the world's most significant monsoon climate characteristics of the country, most areas affected by monsoon, so seasonal changes are very obvious. East China is located in warm temperate and subtropical climate zones, north and south latitude span is large (more than 12 degrees), the temperature changes significantly throughout the year, spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons are more distinct. The S season is affected by the marine climate, mainly southeasterly wind, more rain, winter is affected by Siberian cold air, mainly northerly wind, dry, cold current. The average temperature of the coldest month of the year is below 0 ℃, and the area south of Huaihe River is above 0 ℃. The annual rainfall is about 1000 mm, and it is concentrated in summer. The rainfall in winter is less, with more rainfall in the south and less in the north.

The winter referred to here is the winter in East China, starting from the second ten days of November every year to the first ten days of February of the second year. This season is the coldest period of the whole year. From late December to January of the second year, it is the coldest time in winter, when the lowest temperature reaches-14 ~-12 ℃. The peasant proverb "19, 29 do not attack, 39, 49 ice walk" refers to this period.

Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanghai areas, due to the relatively low terrain, winter is vulnerable to cold attacks. For flower growers, it increases the difficulty of safe overwintering of domestic flowers, especially thermophilic flowers and foliage plants. Flowers originating in tropical and subtropical regions are more susceptible to freezing injury in winter. The maintenance and management of indoor flowers in winter is a problem that every family who loves flowers and raises flowers is very concerned about.

(2)The influence of winter climate on flowers Temperature is an important condition of flower cultivation and often plays a key role in the survival of various flowers. It can also be said that even if other conditions are suitable, if there is no suitable temperature, it is impossible for flowers to survive. Some flowers in the origin or warm season, there is no temperature problem, but change the place or the weather becomes cold, you must adjust the temperature in time, take cold measures. Why are some flowers particularly cold resistant and some very poor? Because when winter comes, the soluble sugar in the cells of cold-resistant flowers accumulates in large quantities, the concentration of somatic cell fluid increases, the osmotic pressure increases, and the freezing point decreases, so that it can resist the invasion of low temperature in cold winter. Tropical flowers, on the other hand, are vulnerable to frostbite and even freezing to death because their cells cannot accumulate soluble sugar in large quantities when the ambient temperature decreases. Different flowers winter temperature requirements are different, to know these differences, it is necessary to understand the temperature of different flower origin. Flower growth and development has its regularity, general low temperature resistant flowers can not tolerate high temperature environment, and high temperature resistant flowers do not adapt to low temperature environment. After long-term cultivation, people have mastered some ecological characteristics of common flowers, which are usually classified into three categories:

① high temperature category: such as poinsettia, pittosporum, Brazil wood, Milan, change leaf wood, African violet, etc. These flowers originate in the tropics, some bloom under high temperature conditions, and the minimum temperature in their place of origin is not lower than 10 degrees Celsius, so the minimum indoor temperature in winter in East China should not be lower than 12 degrees Celsius.

(2) Moderate temperature category,. Such as white orchids, jasmine, hibiscus, cyclamen, calla lily, azalea and so on. These flowers are cultivated in the open field in the courtyard of Guangzhou. The lowest temperature in Guangzhou in a year is about It, so the lowest indoor temperature in winter in East China should not be lower than 5 degrees Celsius.

③ Low temperature: such as osmanthus, kumquat, plum, pomegranate, etc. These flowers are cultivated in the courtyard in central and southeastern China. The lowest temperature in winter in these areas is 0 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the lowest indoor temperature in winter in East China should not be lower than 0 degrees Celsius.

(3)Overwintering management of domesticated flowers In East China, in winter, it is very important to take necessary anti-freezing and warm-keeping measures for some potted flowers originating in tropics and subtropics. Such as Milan, Clivia, orchids, hibiscus, oak trees, Brazil wood, cyclamen, pittosporum, jasmine and other succulent flowers, in late autumn should be moved indoors or greenhouse. How can we ensure that domesticated southern flowers and plants survive the winter safely? The following measures could be taken:

One is to master the characteristics of flowers, classified placement. The overwintering maintenance of potted flowers should be treated differently according to the growth characteristics of flowers and the requirements for temperature. Winter outside temperature is on the low side, the flowers that cultivate indoors are in dormancy mostly or slow steamed bread grows semi-dormancy state. To the flower that dormancy is in open field, wait like peony, chrysanthemum, pomegranate, rose, begonia, plum, can be placed in balcony, ground floor window or indoor temperature is lower, can cross winter naturally commonly, if encounter cold current to invade, usable plastic film covers heat preservation, remove thin film again after cold current. Flowers that are semi-dormant in winter, such as ornamental oranges, rhododendrons, gentleman orchids, camellias, cyclamen, rubber trees, duck feet, etc., generally keep the room temperature above 51 can also safely overwinter. Flowers that continue to grow in winter, such as melons, primroses, cyclamen, asparagus, etc., generally keep the room temperature at 8 ~ 10 degrees Celsius to naturally overwinter, and take heat preservation measures in case of cold current. A few flowers from tropical and need to be cultivated in winter for node viewing, such as tropical orchid, poinsettia, green radish, Baw wood, Milan, bulbous begonia, etc., can overwinter at room temperature above 15 degrees Celsius. In East China, most homes do not have heating facilities, so indoor heating or other measures to raise the temperature are needed to keep domestic tropical flowers safe through winter.

The second is regular inspection and moderate watering. Due to the different requirements of temperature, moisture and illumination of various flowers in winter, it is necessary to check regularly, and timely and moderate replenishment of moisture is one of the important guarantees for safe overwintering. Indoor flower watering should also be carried out according to the principle of watering potted flowers between dry and wet, and the principle of watering on cloudy days in sunny days and not watering at noon in the morning and evening should be carried out. The specific watering amount should be flexibly controlled according to the type of flowers, the growth stage of water demand, the texture of flower pots, etc. Generally, water should be watered once every 7 ~ 10 days. In addition, we should learn to look at flowers and water them. The so-called flower watching is to hold the characteristics of flowers, not the same. Such as wet flowers umbrella grass, hanging orchid, turtle bamboo, duck foot wood, etc. to be watered more, drought-resistant flowers crab claw orchid, Brazil wood, cycad, cactus, etc. to be watered less, evergreen foliage flowers available spray foliage method to water.

The third is to keep warm and cold according to the category and increase the light. The temperature management of potted flowers during winter should be treated differently according to the growth state of flowers and different requirements for temperature. If you are in the same temperature conditions, there will inevitably be some flowers can adapt to K well, while others do not adapt to grow well. If the flowers are placed in a low temperature environment, they will freeze or even freeze to death. However, some low-temperature flowers, if placed in a high temperature environment, will affect their growth in the second year, which is often not taken seriously by people. If cold-loving flowers are exposed to high temperatures for a long time in winter, they will have an impact on the growth and flowering of the next year due to excessive nutrient consumption. Therefore, potted flowers cultivated indoors in winter must be treated differently according to their different requirements for temperature. Families without conditions can divide their flowers into three categories: low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature flowers. Low temperature flowers are placed in the north-facing room, but they need to be regularly moved to the sunny room for a sun; medium temperature flowers are placed in the south-facing room or closed balcony, and appropriate insulation measures are still required in case of cold current; high temperature flowers are not only required to be placed in the south-facing room.

1. Winter cold-proof of indoor potted flowers: Most potted flowers are not native, mainly tropical and subtropical evergreen flowers. Because they do not adapt to the natural conditions of the resettlement site, they need to be moved indoors or in greenhouses for maintenance in winter. As far as East China is concerned, the time of entering greenhouse is slightly different from north to south: Huaibei area is about in mid-late October, Nanjing area is in mid-November, and the next year's mid-late April is gradually moved to outdoor.

In the wintering period of potted flowers, environmental conditions suitable for wintering flowers should be created according to the growth habits of flowers and the different requirements of various flowers, which still involve factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination and air.

First of all, the temperature problem, according to the flowers and trees on the temperature of different requirements to be treated differently. Winter outside temperature is lower, in the cold room most of the flowers cultivated in dormancy or slow growth of semi-dormant state. For dormant flowers in winter, such as rose, chrysanthemum, peony, hydrangea, etc., generally placed in a cold room at room temperature of 3 ~ 5, it can safely winter. For flowers that are in a semi-dormant state in winter, such as ornamental oranges, rhododendrons, gardenia, plum blossoms, clivia, orchids, camellias, etc., although the temperature requirements are slightly higher, they are generally placed in cold greenhouses below 5T at room temperature. Such temperature conditions can basically meet the requirements in the area south of the Huaihe River without heating. However, flowers that can continue to grow in winter, such as Begonia, Melon, Milan, Bamboo, Crab, etc., should generally be placed in greenhouses with room temperature of 8 ~ 10T and above, which requires indoor heating or warming facilities. For a small number of flowers from the tropics and those that need to be cultivated in winter for festival viewing, such as tropical orchids, poinsettia, cyclamen, begonia bulbaria, turtleback bamboo, etc., temperatures of 15 ~ 17 and above should be given. In the area south of Huaihe River, there is generally no heating indoors in winter, so flowers must be placed indoors with special warming facilities or in cold rooms facing south and sunny.

During the winter, the temperature of the room has a greater impact on potted flowers, such as jasmine, poinsettia, Milan, variegated leaves and other thermophilic flowers, placed in a cold environment close to 0 degrees Celsius, it will not take long to die; placed in a colder environment below 10 degrees Celsius, it will be in a semi-dormant state of growth stagnation, yellow leaves and withered branches; placed in a warmer environment of 15 degrees Celsius, only barely budding leaves, slow growth, but not bud flowering.

Potted flowers should also pay attention to cold protection once they enter the room. The room where potted flowers are placed should have good heat preservation and cold insulation ability, and flowers with the same thermophilic habits should be placed in a place with similar temperature. For flowers that are cold-resistant and dormant, they can be placed in the corner of the room with lower temperature to keep them dormant; For evergreen flowers that are thermophilic or still growing in winter, they should be placed as close to the south window as possible, with sufficient sunshine and higher temperature at ordinary times. Evergreen woody flowers that are generally not cold-resistant should not be placed near the windows that are often opened, so as not to cause cold wind to cause the plants to freeze and wither off their leaves, or even cause death. In the winter of the twelfth lunar month, it is necessary to seal the gaps between doors and windows with paper or soft foam plastic strips to prevent wind. At night, curtains and curtains should be added to the rooms where potted flowers are placed, so that the indoor temperature is at least 3 ~ 4 degrees Celsius higher than that of the outdoor. At ordinary times, we should pay close attention to the changes in indoor and outdoor temperatures to avoid temperature control and cause undue damage to flowers. Flowers that have difficulties in winter in cold rooms can be used in the following ways:

Production of flower insulation cover: Milan, white orchids, jasmine, etc., can be tied into an arch ring bracket with lead wire at the edge of the pot, and then use plastic film to cover the plants with pots. If the weather is particularly cold, double-layer film cover can be used to protect flowers. This method is simple and easy to use, and the heat preservation effect is remarkable, which can enhance the cold resistance of flowers. However, several small holes should be left in the plastic cover to facilitate ventilation and ventilation. In addition, the leaves of the flowers should not be close to the bag. If the room temperature is too low, it is still necessary to move the potted flowers to a higher temperature to avoid frostbite.

The use of Dagon basin insulation: for some flowers, such as Milan, Clivia, Cymbidium, etc., can be added outside the basin or under the basin to maintain temperature. The specific method is: use a slightly larger flowerpot, fill some insulation materials or put soil in the pot, and embed the pot with flowers in the large flowerpot; you can also stack the potted flowers on the flowerpot with soil, so that the potted flowers leave the ground. This method can also play a role in insulation.

Self-made incubator method: The volume of the incubator can be determined according to the size and number of flowers placed, and its front and both sides should be made into movable doors that can be opened and closed. The box can be divided into upper and lower compartments. The partition layer and storage board should be made of barbed wire to facilitate the upward dissipation of heat. The bottom of the box to install two lights, bulb wattage according to the volume of the box, generally keep the temperature of the box above 15T is appropriate. Since the humidity will drop after the temperature rises in the box, a small cup of water should be placed between the two lamps to maintain humidity. In order to make the flowers in the box use natural light, the valve is best decorated with transparent glass, and artificial light can be installed if conditions permit to increase the amount of light. This method is expensive and costly, and can also be replaced by a simple small greenhouse made of plastic film.

In addition to adopting the above-mentioned insulation methods, indoor potted plants should be inspected frequently. If the growth of coffin plants deteriorates or freezing symptoms occur, remedial measures should be taken as soon as possible. Some people move frozen potted plants to the stove to warm them, others move them outside to bask in the sun, these practices are wrong. The correct method is: first put it in a slightly warmer room, let it slowly recover, and then slowly warm up, but do not water at will, water must be carried out when the temperature is higher in the middle of the afternoon, and you cannot water the flowers directly with cold water.

Potted flowers should be protected against cold in winter and in spring, especially warm-loving flowers such as Milan, magnolia, jasmine and poinsettia. Freezing injury often occurs not in the winter when the temperature is the lowest, but mostly in the early spring when the temperature picks up. The reason is: flowers from the dormant state to the growth and germination state, due to their own physiological function, will quickly lose the resistance and tolerance to low temperature freezing injury. The weather of the early spring festival is changeable, and apart from strong wind and dryness, the temperature is also unstable, so there is a saying that "the face of a child in spring changes three times a day." Especially when a cold wave passes through, within 24 hours, the temperature will suddenly drop by 5-8 degrees Celsius or more. After most flowers have been cultivated indoors for a long winter, the plants have become weak and have poor adaptability, but at this time people think that when spring comes, they relax their vigilance against bad weather and move the flowers out of the house prematurely. At this time, in case of late frost, cold tide or cold air attack, even if the temperature is not too low, flowers will not be able to adapt to changes in the external environment and cause frost damage. Therefore, experienced flower growers all understand the truth that potted flowers cannot be bung out.

The indoor ventilation of potted flowers should be strengthened before leaving the room. The doors and windows can be opened when the temperature is high during the day and closed at night. Later, with the rise of air temperature, the opening time of doors and windows will be gradually extended, the indoor temperature will be reduced, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor will be reduced. Gradually improve the adaptability of potted flowers to the outdoor environment. After a period of adaptive exercise, the overwintering potted flowers can gradually reduce the indoor maintenance time and leave the room safely at the right time. The specific time for potted flowers to go out of the room depends on the cold resistance of all kinds of flowers, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, rose, plum, etc., when the daily average temperature reaches about 10T, while flowers such as Milan, Fusang and jasmine come out later. After the last cold spell, the H average temperature is stable at about 15 degrees Celsius, and it is much safer to move outdoors.

Winter protection of ② balcony flowers: the population density of modern cities is increasing. Multi-storey buildings and multi-storey buildings with complete functions create a comfortable living environment for people. Adjust measures to local conditions, use the balcony to grow flowers, can give people the enjoyment of beauty. Moreover, the balcony flowers along the street directly constitute a scenic line of the city, which is beneficial to reducing noise, preventing pollution, increasing interest in life, purifying and beautifying the city.

Here we mainly talk about some flower cultivation knowledge of winter balcony flowers. There are two types of modern residential balconies: one is to close them when they are built, such as most high-rise buildings and a few multi-storey buildings; the other is not closed, such as most multi-storey buildings are still open balconies.

Closed balcony flowers cold: in winter, closed balcony can play the role of greenhouse, have a certain role of heat preservation and warming. Some warm-loving medium-temperature flowers can not survive the winter safely outside, and basically do not suffer frost damage on the closed balcony. Therefore, such as asparagus, hanging bell begonia, four seasons begonia, gentleman orchid, crab claw orchid, epiphyllum, rhododendron, Xiankelai, hanging orchid, Michelia, cycad and some foliage plants can survive the winter safely on a closed balcony.

Cold protection of open balcony flowers: open balcony has fast air circulation, large evaporation and low air relative humidity. In winter, due to the northerly wind, and the wind is also strong, whether it is the north balcony or the south balcony, even if the local flower varieties that can usually survive the winter in the open field, they still need to be properly protected against cold on the open balcony, especially to the north of the Yangtze River. The Nanyang platform of multi-storey buildings is mostly open, because of its leeward to the sun, the freezing or cold injury of flowers is far less prominent and serious than the north balcony, so flowers are generally placed on the south balcony in winter. As long as some of the more hardy flowers are slightly managed in the south balcony, they can usually survive the winter safely, such as woody rose, southern bamboos, Michelia, gardenia, Shouxing peach, spring welcome, wax plum, begonia, sweet-scented osmanthus, pomegranate, plum blossom, peony, kumquat, herbs and perennial roots such as chrysanthemum, evening fragrant jade, tulip, orchid, canna, Zhu Ding Hong and so on. However, the open balcony is windy, the air humidity is small, and the basin soil is very easy to dry, so the selected flower varieties should adapt to this environment, be resistant to drought and low temperature, pay close attention to the dry and wet changes of the basin soil, and cannot be watered too frequently or not at all. Some varieties in the dormant period can be watered less, and some evergreen varieties can appropriately increase the number of watering, or they can often spray water on the leaves. Bulbs, bulbs and perennial root flowers are more drought-resistant and can be watered less, such as Zhu Dinghong, tulips, canna, iris, Bletilla striata, evening jade, peony, auspicious grass, evergreen, carnation, chrysanthemum and so on. In case of cold wave attack, preventive measures still need to be taken. A simple thermal insulation frame can be temporarily built on the balcony and covered with plastic film. In the area north of the Yangtze River, double-layer plastic film can be used. The whole potted flower can also be covered with a plastic film to achieve the effect of heat preservation and cold protection. In addition, some warm-loving flowers can be temporarily moved indoors to prevent frost damage.

Overwintering cold protection of ③ courtyard flowers: some families with courtyards like to grow flowers in the courtyard. The varieties introduced from the south have poor cold tolerance and have the problem of overwintering cold prevention.

Generally speaking, the 2012 grass flowers, perennial root flowers and some flowers and trees cultivated in the open field have strong adaptability, such as chrysanthemum, petunias, violets, safflower grass, day lilies, peonies, Chinese roses, etc. there are no flowers such as chrysanthemum, canna, Michelia, colored banana, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc. although they have a certain ability to keep out the cold, they are not resistant to low temperature. In the area north of the Yangtze River, protection still needs to be strengthened in winter to ensure that flowers survive the winter safely. The following methods are often used to prevent the cold of flowers in the open field.

First, careful management to enhance the cold resistance of flowers: when autumn comes and the weather gets cooler, flowers enter the later stage of growth, at this time, it is necessary to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, apply more phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and control watering at the same time, so as to enrich the plant K and enhance its resistance to cold. After entering the dormant period in winter, one time of ploughing and fertilization can be applied, and barnyard manure, manure or cake manure can be applied to increase the concentration of soil solution and enhance the cold resistance ability of flowers in open field.

Some perennial flowers and perennial flowers, such as peony, canna, dahlia, Yujin incense, fragrance, etc., are prone to frost injury in the north of the Huaihe River. In case of a cold spell, the flower rhizosphere can be covered with fallen leaves, straw, straw mats or plastic film. This method is simple, effective and widely used, and can be removed after night frost.

The second kind, cultivate the soil, winter anti-freezing: some flowers in winter, part of the ground all dormant, only the roots are still growing slowly, such as peony, eight immortal flowers, hibiscus and so on. Soil can be cultivated around the roots of flowers to form a small mound. When the plant starts to sprout in spring, the soil can be removed.

Third, wrap up thermal insulation materials to prevent cold and survive the winter: for some larger ornamental flowers and trees, because the trees are too large to be buried or covered, methods such as wrapping grass, wrapping paper and covering plastic film can be used to protect against cold. For some flowers and trees that are cold-resistant and afraid of cold wind or newly planted, the method of setting up wind barriers can be adopted, that is, wind barriers can be set up on the west and north sides of flowers and trees with Reed mats and other materials. This method is often used to protect against cold when planting cedar in the north of Huaihe River.

(4) the water management of flowers in winter is the concern of family flower growers, such as how to water flowers, whether they should fertilize or not, and whether they can breed successfully or not. next, this paper makes a brief introduction to the water management of potted flowers in winter.

① winter flower watering: for family flower growers, watering is one of the most frequent and local maintenance work, and winter watering is also a key work related to whether flowers can survive the winter safely. People often think that the death of flowers caused by improper watering is caused by improper heat preservation, in fact, many families' flowers die because of too much water in winter.

Family flower growers should know that winter is the dormant period of flowers, if the long period of pot soil is in a state of high humidity, it is bound to cause root rot. Therefore, attention must be paid to the period of watering, the amount of water and the mode of watering.

Watering time and water consumption of flowers in winter: because the roots of ground-planted flowers are relatively high, they can generally not be watered in winter. They can be fully watered after falling leaves and before freezing, and they can be left out of control throughout the winter.

During the transition period of autumn and winter, the growth of potted flowers was slow due to the weakening of sunshine and the gradual decrease of air temperature. At this time, the leaf ffi transpiration and soil evaporation decreased correspondingly. In the north, most of the potted flowers were moved indoors to survive the winter. Generally speaking, the basin soil should be mainly dry and maintain a humidity of about 30%, that is, the basin soil is moist. Special attention should be paid to the amount of water from December to January of the following year, because this period is a colder time in winter in North China. If water is not strictly controlled, it will not only weaken the cold resistance of flowers, but also easily die. If the basin soil really needs watering, generally watering once a week or two weeks can meet the needs. A small number of large water demand, such as foliage plants, can be watered once every 4 to 5 days, do not water too often. Usually can spray water to the leaf surface, in order to reduce the number of watering to the basin soil. Some family flower growers think that flowers and trees are short of water as soon as they see some dryness on the surface of the pot soil. In fact, in winter, such a situation does not matter, because the basin soil surface is some dry, and the underlying soil is still wet. The water demand of flowers in winter is very small, as long as the potted soil has a certain humidity, flowers will not die. For the flowers with larger plants, because they need large waterscape and strong resistance, it will not be a big problem if they are overwatered. For small plants, especially succulent flowers, it is necessary to strictly control the water and wait until the pot soil is completely dry before watering. In a word, watering flowers in winter should be dry rather than wet, mainly spraying water on the leaf surface, and try to reduce watering to the basin soil, so as to keep the basin soil in a dry state for a long time.

② water temperature and method of watering flowers in winter: the water temperature of watering flowers in winter is studied, generally speaking, it is higher than the soil temperature by degrees Celsius. The usual practice is to use an open container to store water for watering flowers in advance. When there is little difference in water temperature, air temperature and soil temperature, it can also be mixed with warm water. Such as evergreen potted flowers, can be sprayed to the leaf surface of 10 degrees Celsius, 15 degrees Celsius below warm water, not only to achieve the purpose of watering, but also to prevent the damage of dry freezing to flowers. If you use cold water to water flowers in a low temperature environment, the air temperature is low and the water temperature is low, which will aggravate the damage to potted flowers. There is not much water for flowers in winter, but it does not mean that they do not want water. In principle, when they are dry, they should be watered thoroughly at once.

Different watering methods can be used according to different flowers in winter:

Soak the pot method: soak the potted flowers into the water, let the water slowly infiltrate along the bottom hole of the basin, and take out the potted flowers when the topsoil is wet. This method can make the soil absorb enough water and is ideal. Like wet flowers such as umbrella grass, calla lilies, water demand is larger, you can use this method. Other flowers use the soaking pot method as little as possible in winter.

Spraying method: according to the actual needs of flowers, forgive the planned water supply, but spray to see when the basin bottom exudates.

Fine hole spray method: use fine hole spray bottles to make water droplets fog and spray on the leaves of flowers, such as asparagus, hanging orchid, western rhododendron, duck foot wood, rubber tree, melon leaf chrysanthemum, gentleman orchid and so on. The spray method can not only make the leaf surface and around the basin have a higher humidity, but also keep the leaf surface clean.

Choice of water quality for watering flowers in winter: natural water such as river water and pond water is generally better for watering flowers. Tap water contains bleach, liquid chlorine, alum and so on. Long-term use will make the basin soil alkaline and hardened. It is best to store it in a tank or other container for 2 days before use. Turbid water should not water flowers, nor should salt or alkali water.

(5) the diseases and insect pests of winter flowers are generally less in winter, but some diseases and insect pests also appear in the rooms with heating or high temperature, which not only affect the healthy growth of flowers, but also affect the ornamental value, so we must pay attention to the prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests. In general, families mainly focus on prevention, maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity, good indoor ventilation, suitable dry and wet soil, disinfection of soil when sowing, selection of strong seeds or introduction of flowers and seedlings without diseases and insect pests, and so on. these are effective measures to prevent diseases and insect pests.

The common diseases are powdery mildew, anthrax, root rot, rust, root nodule, leaf spot, brown spot and chlorosis. Diseases may occur in the whole growing period of flowers, but the high temperature and rainy season from June to August are the most common, and a few diseases and insect pests also occur in winter.

Maintenance and management of potted flowers in autumn

With the change of autumn time and seasons, the ambient temperature is gradually changing. Autumn is a crucial growing season for potted flowers. Of course, how to protect potted flowers in autumn is also something that flower growers often study and hate. Autumn climate changes from hot summer to cool gradually, when everything begins to wither, and potted flowers should be maintained more carefully. Therefore, at this time, potted flower management should pay attention to the following management work. The following editor is here to comprehensively introduce the methods of conservation and management of potted flowers in autumn.

First, three timely maintenance of flowers in autumn

1. Lighting: light timely part of the summer flowering Xiguang woody flowers, such as jasmine, Fusang, Jiuli incense, etc., should still be placed in a sunny place. Flowering rhododendron, magnolia, cyclamen, poinsettia, crab claw orchid and other potted flowers before and after the Spring Festival should also be placed in sunny places.

two。 Pruning: pruning timely except for flowers that bloom in early spring, most flowers such as jasmine, crape myrtle and pomegranate can be pruned and shaped in autumn, which can reduce the consumption of nutrients in winter and increase the number of potted flowers in the following year.

3. Breeding: when the autumn temperature is low, some biennial flowers, such as pansy, carnation, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, hollyhock, etc., are good time to sow. Pay attention to spraying water after sowing to keep the soil moist. There are some woody flowers suitable for cutting in autumn, such as rose, geranium, jasmine, etc., with a higher survival rate in autumn. Perennial root flowers that need ramets for dense growth, such as peony and peony, should be propagated in time. Flowers that bloom before and after the Spring Festival, such as hyacinth, tulips, Zhu Dinghong, etc., should be put on the pot as soon as possible. Cao Qidong

Second, how to manage potted flowers in autumn

1. Appropriate amount of water and fertilizer: after autumn, water and fertilizer management should be treated differently according to the habits of different flowers. For autumn chrysanthemum, sweet-scented osmanthus, camellia, rhododendron, wax plum, etc., which bloom once a year, liquid fertilizer dominated by phosphate fertilizer should be applied 2 or 3 times in time, otherwise not only the flowers will be small, but also the buds will fall. For the rose, Milan and jasmine which bloom many times a year, we should continue to provide more sufficient water and fertilizer to promote its continuous flowering. For most flowers, after Cold Dew Festival in the north, there is generally no more fertilization to facilitate overwintering. With the decrease of air temperature, except for the flowers flowering in autumn, winter or early spring and those sown in autumn, which can continue to be watered normally according to the actual needs of each kind of flowers, the watering times and amount of water for other flowers should be gradually reduced to avoid excessive water and fertilizer and cause excessive growth. affect flower bud differentiation and suffer frost injury.

two。 Pruning and plastic surgery: when the temperature is about 20 ℃ after autumn, most flowers are easy to sprout more twigs. Except for keeping some of them as needed, the rest should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption. The retained twigs should also be plucked in time. For chrysanthemum, dahlia, rose, jasmine and so on, when the buds grow to a certain size after budding in autumn, the lateral buds are removed except for a large bud with good growth at the top.

3. Timely seed harvesting: the seeds of many flowers mature one after another before and after mid-autumn and need to be harvested in time. A bunch of red, pineapple, morning glory and other seeds are dried after harvest and stored in a cloth bag in a low-temperature ventilated place. For some seeds with thick seed coat, such as peony, peony, magnolia, Michelia, etc., the seeds should be buried in wet sand and stored in stratified sand after harvest.

4. Suitable time for sowing: biennial or perennial grass flowers cultivated in one or two years, such as goldfish grass, carnation, daisy and greenhouse flowers such as melon and leaf chrysanthemum, cyclamen, tree tree, etc., as well as African chrysanthemum, swallows, primroses, begonias and other flowers that are easy to lose their ability to germinate after harvest.

5. Timely entry: most of the flowers in the northern area after Cold Dew's festival should be moved indoors one after another according to their cold resistance to survive the winter in order to avoid cold damage. The specific time to enter the room varies from time to time. For most flowers, don't rush into the house as soon as the weather has just changed. Because entering the house too early affects the accumulation of nutrients, which is not conducive to the growth and development of the coming year. Therefore, under the premise of not suffering from cold injury, it is better to enter the room a little later.