Common diseases and insect pests of flowers and plants and their solutions (1)

People sometimes get sick, and so are plants. If temperature, humidity and ventilation are not well managed, plants are vulnerable to diseases. Therefore, flower friends should know and master the common diseases of plants in time, so that they can cultivate plants better. The following editor sorted out the common plant diseases and solutions, let's learn together.

1. Cold in late spring

Late spring cold means that by the end of March, the daytime temperature has reached more than 20 ℃, and many friends are anxious to move the flowers outdoors for maintenance, but this season often has cold air going south from time to time, resulting in the reverse weather of "late spring cold". At this time, our flowers are very easy to appear frostbite due to excessive temperature difference.

Solution method

In the face of the late spring cold weather, we need to pay close attention to the weather forecast, do not rush to move the plants out of the house, or use plastic film on the plant cover to prevent frostbite.

2. Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew mainly harms leaves, petioles, pedicels, buds and shoots. The damaged parts will be covered with a layer of white powder. In serious cases, it will make leaves yellow, buds withered, deformed flowers and so on.

Solution method

Sulfur powder fumigation in March, an electric fumigator was used in the greenhouse with built-in sulfur powder to carry out sealed fumigation, which had a good control effect.

3. Anthrax

Anthracnose mainly harms the leaves, shoots, fruits and other parts of the plant, the disease spot is round, the color is grayish brown, to the late stage of the disease will become gray-white, accompanied by obvious concentric wheel pattern of small black spots.

Solution method

Improve the ventilation and ventilation environment of the plant, keep the basin soil moist, in order to increase the resistance of the plant. If the disease is in the early stage, it can be sprayed with 80% anthrax Fumi wettable powder 500 times, once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row.

4. Grey mold

Botrytis cinerea is easy to occur when the temperature rises, the humidity is too high and the ventilation is poor. Botrytis cinerea has the most serious effect on leaves and petals.

Solution method

After the beginning of spring, we should pay attention to the ventilation and light transmission of the plant growth environment, reduce the indoor air humidity, and do not spray water to the plants at night to prevent moisture from remaining on the leaves for a long time. For the plants in the early stage of the disease, 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times can be sprayed alternately every 10 days for 2-3 times in a row.

The above is Huinong net Xiaobian finishing about common plant diseases and solutions, the above medicament scheme is only for reference, I hope it will be helpful to you.

Common diseases and insect pests of flowers and their treatment methods

Common diseases of flowers: harm of cold in late spring

This is a non-infectious disease, which mainly occurs in some areas south of the Yangtze River and between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers. by the end of March, the daytime temperature has reached more than 20 ℃. Many people are eager to move their potted ornamental plants outside for conditioning and maintenance. At this time, there is often cold air to the south, there is a "late spring cold" reverse weather, and the lowest temperature in the early morning often drops below 4 ℃, resulting in the "freezing" of new shoots and leaves of some tropical flowers.

Common such as Magnolia, Milan, jasmine, gentleman orchid, Dai powder leaf, fruit taro, inverted golden bell, bamboo taro, Anthurium andraeanum, poinsettia, etc., will seriously affect the normal growth of that spring.

Solution method

Timely grasp the weather forecast of local meteorological stations and meet the special weather of "late spring cold". For a small number of potted plants that have moved outdoors, they can be moved back to the greenhouse or indoors; if more potted plants are moved outdoors, they can be gathered together and covered with double-layer plastic film.

In the Yangtze River basin and its northern areas, it is generally necessary to wait until after the Qingming Festival or the end of the "final frost period" before moving outdoors. The doors and windows can be cooled down by opening doors and windows and installing electric fans, and the doors and windows will be closed at night. Make it have a process of gradually adapting to the outdoor environment.

Common diseases of flowers and plants: harm of powdery mildew

It mainly harms the ornamental plants such as rose, crape myrtle, ten meritorious works, big leaf yellow poplar, bamboo Polygonum and so on. It mainly harms leaves, petioles, pedicels, flower buds and tender shoots, and the damaged parts are covered with a layer of white powder. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow, the tender leaves curl, wrinkle and thicken, the buds die, deformed flowers appear, and the tender shoots are bent and shortened.

Solution method

Sulfur powder fumigation in March, an electric fumigator was used in the greenhouse with built-in sulfur powder to carry out sealed fumigation, which had a good control effect.

Common diseases of flowers and plants: anthrax harm

It mainly harms camellia, tea plum, Yemeni iron, eight immortal flowers, gentleman orchids, evergreen, orchids, spider eggs, epiphyllum, rubber trees, cyclamen and so on. It mainly harms leaves, tender shoots and fruits, and the disease spot is nearly round and grayish brown. In the later stage, the disease spot turns gray-white, with obvious concentric patterns and small black spots.

Solution method

The density of flowers in the whole pot and the planting plants and row spacing in the ground can improve the ventilation and ventilation conditions. The pot soil should be properly watered when it is dry to increase the resistance of the plant.

At the initial stage of the disease, 80% of anthrax Fumei wettable powder 500 times, or 50% polysulfide suspension 800 times, alternately sprayed once every 10 days, 2 times in a row for 3 times.

Common diseases of flowers: harm of Botrytis cinerea

With the recovery of gas, excessive humidity and poor ventilation, Botrytis cinerea is still one of the main diseases of indoor flowers. It is harmful to African chrysanthemum, rubber tree, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, cyclamen, poinsettia, geranium, Rieger begonia, green apple, dragon boat flower, mulberry, Anthurium andraeanum and other potted flowers, especially leaves and petals.

Solution method

After March, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation and light penetration, reduce indoor air humidity, and prohibit spraying water on the leaf surface in the evening to prevent moisture from remaining on the leaf surface for a long time.

For the plants in the early stage of the disease, 65% of Dysen zinc wettable powder or 50% carbendazim 1000 times of wettable powder can be sprayed alternately every 10 days for 2 consecutive times.

Common diseases of flowers 5: harm of coal fouling disease

In March, due to poor indoor ventilation and high humidity, scale insects, aphids, whiteflies and other prickly mouthparts pests could not be completely eliminated. Coal fouling disease still occurs on the leaf flowers and fruits of citrus, Milan, Fusang, Magnolia, Michelia, fishtail sunflower, banyan, camellia, palm bamboo, rhododendron, gardenia, bone holly, Fujian tea and other plants.

Solution method

Strengthen indoor ventilation and timely kill the insect vectors of coal pollution caused by aphids, scale insects, whitefly and so on.

A small number of leaves on individual plants are infected with coal fouling disease, so the coal dirt layer can be scrubbed with wet cloth with low concentration of washing powder water.

At the initial stage of the disease, the branches and leaves of infected plants can be sprayed with 50% of methyl sulfur suspension 500 times or 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, once every 15 days for 2 consecutive times.

Common insect pests in flowers and plants VI: damage of scale insects

For the potted ornamental plants placed in the greenhouse, scale insects are still the main pest species due to the restriction of ventilation, lack of light and high humidity.

Such as green woolly scale on kumquat, gray pink scale on yew, pink scale on Fusang, chaff scale on magnolia, tortoise wax scale and red wax scale on camellia, horned wax scale on holly, black helmet scale and oyster shield scale on cycad, wheel shield scale on rose, Koch's white shield scale on smile and bran shield scale on Magnolia, giant tumor oyster scale on orchid, white shield scale on brown bamboo, round shield scale on ivy The coconut shield scale on the loose-tailed sunflower, the sagittal shield scale on the four seasons cinnamon and so on. The species of scale insects on each kind of flower are very different.

Prevention and cure method

Scale insects on a small number of plants in the family can be wiped out with 75% sprinkling essence of cotton wool, or with laundry powder. For small scale insects, such as sagittal scale scale, Koch's white shield scale, etc., the live insect body can be stained with transparent tape.

Or spray with 2000 times of chlorpromazine wettable powder, once every 15 days, twice in a row.

Common insect pests in flowers 7: the harm of aphids

As the temperature increases and the amount of water poured increases, the harm of aphids on indoor ornamental plants will be more serious. Aphids suck the sap of newly drawn branches and leaves, which will affect the normal growth of the plant after the beginning of spring.

Prevention and cure method

For aphids on a small number of plants, you can first sprinkle tobacco dust, plant ash or slag ash on the insect body and leaves, about 1-2 hours later, and then rinse with clean water to kill most of the aphids.

Common insect pests of flowers and plants: harm of whitefly

Mainly greenhouse whitefly, harming melon and leaf chrysanthemum, Fusang, rose, dry golden lotus, lantern flower, etc., followed by orange thorn whitefly, harming kumquat, golden bean, daidai, bergamot, rose, Bailan, Milan and so on, their harmfulness should not be underestimated.

Prevention and cure method

In severe cases, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times or 25% chlorpromazine 2500 times can be used.

Control methods of plant diseases and insect pests in family flowers and plants

Family flower pests can be divided into three types: prickle-sucking pests, leaf-eating pests and roots. Piercing pests use mouthparts to pierce plant tissues and suck plant sap, such as aphids, shell insects, leaf mites (red spiders). Leaf-eating pests eat the leaves of plants, resulting in scratches and holes, such as moths, butterflies, borer, inchworm and so on. Root pests are lurking in the soil, harming the roots of plants, or biting off the roots of plants to the surface at night, causing plant death, such as grubs, ground tigers, mole crickets and so on.

Common pests and harmful animals: aphids (rose, chrysanthemum, peach, etc.), red tarantula (rhododendron, rose, Dahlia, white orchid, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc.), shell insects (jasmine, orchid, evergreen kumquat, camellia, Michelia, cycad, magnolia, etc.), military insects (rhododendron, cherry blossom, etc.), slugs, snails, rat women (wet places, under and around flowerpots, etc.).

Common diseases: leaf spot (such as chrysanthemum, rose, Magnolia, rhododendron, camellia, orchid, etc.), anthracnose (orchid, Michelia, chrysanthemum, camellia, white orchid, evergreen, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc.), powdery mildew (chrysanthemum, rose, dahlia, crape myrtle, etc.), downy mildew (rose, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, begonia, cyclamen, etc.), stand blight (common seedlings are easy to get this disease), yellowing (dry yellow without water, water flooding, yellow, water flooding, etc.) Yellowing due to lack of fat, yellowing of iron deficiency, etc.).

Domestic flowers pay attention to "prevention-oriented, comprehensive control". First, do not bring home plants with diseased insects, and choose plant materials that are disease-free when breeding; second, improve and strengthen cultivation and management, improve the environmental conditions of plants, such as improving ventilation and light transmission, loosening soil, controlling moisture, etc., so as to make plants grow healthily and improve their resistance to diseases and insect pests; third, once diseases or insect pests are found, deal with them as soon as possible. Try to use manual methods to remove or spray self-made "chemicals", such as brushing off shell insects with soft bristles; washing aphids and leaf mites with tobacco water or very light soap water; cutting and removing withered or infected branches and leaves; fourth, it is inconvenient to use pesticides in the family, and some simple and effective methods that are harmless to people and have no pollution to the environment can be used.

Prevention and control of diseases: fungicides can be used to control diseases, such as garlic solution can control flower rust, root-knot nematode disease, flower arrangement anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping, etc.; in addition, agricultural drugs in small packages can also be used, such as chlorothalonil, thiophanate, Dysenamine, carbendazim and so on.