How to grow gladiolus in summer? Talking about the cultivation and maintenance skills of Gladiolus

Gladiolus is a kind of delicate and beautiful flower, its florescence is in summer, and the flower posture is beautiful. It can be planted in the courtyard or potted plant, or it can be used as a bouquet of cut flowers. It has a very good ornamental value. Here are the detailed cultivation techniques of Gladiolus. Friends who like flowers and plants can collect them.

Environment

Gladiolus is a long-sunshine plant, sexual preference for sunny, cool environment, not cold and hot, warm winter, cool summer climate.

Soil

Gladiolus prefers loose, fertile, moist and well-drained sandy soil, and potted soil can be mixed with garden soil, plant ash and river sand.

Temperature

The suitable temperature for the growth of Gladiolus is 20-25 degrees. If the temperature is too high, you need to sprinkle water in time to cool down, otherwise it is not conducive to growth.

Sunshine

In the growing season, Gladiolus has sufficient sunshine, bright color, insufficient light and less flowering, which can provide short sunshine after flower bud differentiation, which is beneficial to advance the flowering stage.

Watering

During the growing period, gladiolus should not be watered too much, which can be seen dry and thoroughly; if watered too much, the plants will grow and lodge, and it will also affect the number of flowers. It is not resistant to stagnant water, the rainy season should be timely drainage, stagnant water roots rot.

Fertilizer application

Gladiolus likes fertilizer and needs to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once a month during the growing period, which is beneficial to root molecular ball and growth and flower bud differentiation, and phosphate fertilizer can improve the quality of flowers. Water and fertilizer are not easy to thicken, otherwise the plants will grow excessively.

The biggest characteristic of gladiolus flowers is that the flowers are beautiful and easy to cultivate, but we need to pay attention to the planting environment and temperature when planting. The above is about the cultivation methods of gladiolus, you can try it.

Planting and cultivation methods of Gladiolus

Flower bonsai net flower maintenance column: planting and cultivation methods of Gladiolus

Introduction to flowers: gladiolus, alias calamus, sword orchid, flat bamboo lotus, 13 Taibao, calamus orchid, ten brocade, for the Iridaceae Gladiolus belongs to the perennial herbaceous flower.

Gladiolus flower language: festive, auspicious, heart, stretch, step by step.

Growing place: Cape of good Hope in Africa, Mediterranean coast and West Asia. Gladiolus cultivation in China is mainly distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Gansu, Wuhan, Baotou and other places.

Growing flowers is beneficial: gladiolus can be used to monitor fluoride. As long as there are 1/1000000000 harmful gases in the air, this plant will have withered leaves; gladiolus pedicels are tall and slender, with many flowers and bright colors, and it is one of the famous cut flower materials, known as the "king of cut flowers". Can be used as bouquets, baskets, can also decorate the door; its bulbs have heat-clearing and detoxification, promoting blood circulation and dispersing stasis, detumescence and pain, fresh bulbs can be pounded into juice after external application to treat carbuncle and mumps.

Flower volume and leaf appearance: plant height 90cm 150 cm, stem stout erect, rarely branched; leaves sword-shaped, hard, with prominent parallel veins; flower stems higher than leaves, two rows of inflorescences with a total of 12-24 flowers, lateral to one side, Corolla tube inflated funnel-shaped, slightly curved upward.

Variety selection: the main cultivated varieties are Sapphire, Maskani, Qinggu Hong, European Dream, Flower Rose, Saxon, Supreme Rose, Nova, Priscilla, loyalty and so on.

Plant selection: generally choose the small bulb in the flat ball which is disease-free, spotless, sprouting and rooting-free. The general high-quality seed ball, the thickness and diameter ratio is large, the seed ball precipitates, the hand feels very hard, not soft; and the surface of the seed ball is smooth and smooth, there is no large depression in the middle; the bud point is protruding and full.

The choice of flowerpot: mud pot.

Preparation of culture soil:

Gladiolus does not have high requirements for soil, and the slightly acidic sandy soil with loose and fertile soil, rich in humus and strong permeability is the best, and the pH value should be between 5.6 and 6.5. Preparation method 1: cooked soil and rotten leaf soil were prepared at 4:1, and then mixed with two spoonfuls of compound fertilizer.

Preparation method 2: loam and rotten leaf soil were prepared at 2:1, and then mixed with base fertilizer such as human and cow manure.

Flower cultivation:

The time of general planting is in April, first block the drainage hole of the basin floor with tiles, then put some coarse-grained culture soil on the basin floor, and then put in the finer culture soil, put the bulb root properly in the center, and then compact the surrounding with the culture soil, so as to avoid the ball is not correct, the plant is not correct, the impact is beautiful, and finally the dome should be slightly exposed to the soil. It should be noted here that the roots of Gladiolus do not grow straight down, but often take root in a plane, so when potted, the bulb roots should be put deeper, and the depth is about 12 cm, so as to avoid lodging after plant growth.

After planting, pour water thoroughly, then keep the basin soil moist, but do not let stagnant water in the basin, put it in a ventilated and sunny place, and the bulbs will sprout after about 8 weeks. When the buds turn green, they can burst into the sun. After the flower stem is extracted, you can spray water on the leaves, keep the pot soil moist, and apply thin liquid fertilizer. Fertilization must be uniform. Too much fertilization will make the plant lodge. Generally, it will be fertilized once when the plant grows two leaves, once in the bud stage, and once after flowering.

About a month after flowering, the bulbs can be dug out after the leaves turn yellow, cut off the upper dead leaves, separate the new balls from the bulbs, dry and store them in a ventilated and dry place of 5 ~ 10 ^, and then planted in the next year.

Fertilization: when planting, in order to ensure the growth and development of plants with sufficient nutrients, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer, and rotten organic fertilizer is the best.

However, Gladiolus does not like big fertilizer, and belongs to shallow root plants, so fertilizer should be applied lightly.

Fertilizer should be applied three times during its growth. After the first spread of two leaves, fertilizer should be applied with dilute liquid fertilizer with more nitrogen fertilizer, such as mature organic fertilizer. Because the flower buds begin to differentiate at this time, if the fertilizer is missing, the number of flowers will be reduced.

The second time after the fourth leaf was extracted, the plant was in the bud stage, and the thin liquid fertilizer based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to promote the stout flower branches and large flowers. In order to make the flowers bright, calcium superphosphate and bone powder were applied in combination with watering. After the scape is grown, 1% superphosphate solution can be sprayed on the aboveground part.

After flowering for the third time, in order to promote the development of new bulbs, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, the seed ball will rot. Watering: gladiolus is a flower that needs more water. Timely watering and keeping the soil moist are important measures to promote its more flowering.

Generally, it is watered every 2-3 days after emergence and every 1-2 days in summer. After the scape pulls out the bud, it should be watered frequently to ensure sufficient water, can be watered once a day, and slightly shaded, and should be drained in time in the rainy season.

When there are many Rain Water in spring, the humidity is high, before the plant grows 3 leaves, it is necessary to properly control watering, dry and re-irrigate, which can promote root growth. If you encounter hot and high temperature, you should spray humidification and lower the temperature in time.

Watering will be stopped from October.

Gladiolus pruning:

Gladiolus usually does not need plastic pruning, but it should be picked up in time when it falls down in the rain after it grows, otherwise it will bend and grow underground, and once it bends and grows, it will not be able to restore its original state.

Light and temperature management: gladiolus is not shade-tolerant, is a light-loving, long-day plant, no less than 12 hours a day, 16 hours of light is often the most suitable.

Long-day sunshine and strong light are beneficial to the development of flower buds. If the light time is reduced and the light intensity is reduced, the flowering rate will decrease obviously when it grows to 4-5 leaves.

And if the sunshine time is too short, it is easy to cause gladiolus to suffer from Fusarium wilt.

In the case of short days or low light in winter, artificial light sources need to be supplemented. The sunshine time should not be less than 12 hours per day, and 16 hours is the best. The varieties of cut flowers are greatly affected by light. If there is sufficient sunshine, they will grow strong, have strong resistance, and have bright and long-lasting colors. But in hot summer, you should also avoid strong direct sunlight.

The suitable temperature for growth is (0^ ~ 15) at night during the day. When the temperature is higher than 27 Zhang, the growth of the plant is blocked, the petals are easy to burn, the temperature is lower than (), the lowest growth temperature is 5 Zhang, the growth stops below 3, and if the temperature is as low as 0 ^, the plant will freeze to death.

Management of flowering and fruiting stage of Gladiolus

The natural florescence of Gladiolus is in spring or summer. Generally, proper increase of light in winter will be beneficial to flowering and improve the quality of flowers; proper shading of flowers in summer and lowering the temperature can improve the quality of flowers. Generally speaking, if the plant density is sparse and the temperature is high, the plant will blossom ahead of time, otherwise it will delay flowering. When fertilizing in the growing period, pay attention to the application of more nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later stage, which can make the plant stout and dense, with more buds and the quality of the flower.

If you want the flowers to bloom as scheduled, you can also regulate the florescence according to the characteristics of different varieties. We introduce several methods below.

Method 1: sow seeds in batches. You can choose a suitable variety to adjust the sowing time to make it open at a specified time. For example, if you want the plant to open on National Day, you can plant gladiolus in July, and if you want the plant to bloom in New Year's Day or during the Spring Festival, you should choose a variety that is tolerant to low temperature in September, keep the room temperature above 15 degrees Celsius, and maintain it carefully. it can bloom in the depths of winter. If you plant a new ball in December and keep the room temperature above 15 degrees Celsius, the next year's Qingming Festival or Labour Day can blossom.

Method 2: adjust the florescence by adjusting the dormancy of bulbs. Break the dormancy of the plant to induce flowering. Gladiolus has a period of dormancy, and the dormant bulbs do not move even in an environment suitable for growth. If you want to break its dormancy and let it grow into the state of human growth as soon as possible, you can carry out cold storage, put it in a temperature environment of 0 degrees Celsius ~ 4 degrees Celsius, take it out after 30 degrees Celsius for 50 days, or soak the bulb in warm water at 30 degrees Celsius for half a month. Both methods can break its dormancy, plant it, and soon germinate and enter the human growth period. The flowering of plants was delayed by low temperature treatment. Keep the bulb in a place where the temperature is compared and the environment is dry, and the bulb will always remain dormant and will not germinate. When necessary, raise the temperature, end its dormancy and promote its germination, so that it can delay flowering and let it blossom within the set time.

Method 3: use drugs to promote flowering. After planting the bulb, irrigate it with 800 mg / kg water solution, wait 4 weeks after planting, and then irrigate the bulb. Wait until the plant is budding and have about 25 days to blossom. This can make the florescence 5-8 days earlier, and the flowers are larger, more and brightly bloomed.

Method 3: cut the cut flowers and prolong the flowering time. In order to make it bloom longer, cut flowers can be cut at the right time, and ears of flowers can be cut in the early morning, when the flowers at the bottom of the branches are not yet in bloom.

Then put it in a vase filled with water close to room temperature, and then add 0.1% salt and sugar to the vase to prolong the viewing time, or you can put a small amount of aspirin in the water, usually adding tablets in 500 milliliters of water. this prolongs the blooming time of flowers.

Method 4: gladiolus belongs to long-day plants, so we can shorten or prolong the light time to promote the delayed flowering or early flowering.

Change pots: gladiolus is usually planted in the first year, and the bulbs are taken out and stored after flowering in the second year, and then planted next year, so there is no need to change pots. Gladiolus reproduction:

Gladiolus propagates mainly by dividing balls, and it can also be propagated by cutting balls and sowing seeds.

In the process of leafing and flowering in the same year, the bulbs of Gladiolus will gradually form a new ball. After the new ball is formed, the mother plant will gradually dry up and die, and there will be a new ball at the bottom of the new ball, and the new ball and the seed ball can be removed and planted separately. Under normal circumstances, the new ball can blossom in the second year after planting, and the ball needs to be cultivated for another year before it can blossom.

The method of operation is that when the plant begins to wither after flowering and goes into dormancy, dig the bulb from the ground, and then separate the cue ball, new ball and daughter ball one by one, which can be planted immediately, or put the ball and new ball into a bag and put it in a ventilated place to dry.

If the number of bulbs formed in that year is small, and if you want to reproduce more, you can use cutting balls to reproduce.

Method.

Generally speaking, a biennial bulb has 4 or 6 bud eyes. when cutting the bulb with a knife, each part should have a bud eye and a rooting part, so that the cut part can survive and grow new plants.

Sowing, breeding, sowing and breeding are often used when cultivating new varieties, and sow with picking. Before sowing, it is best to soak the seeds in warm water for 5 or 6 hours, so that the seeds are easy to sprout.

When the seeds are sown in the same year, they can grow small bulbs, dig out shade and preserve them after autumn, and then blossom after replanting in the second year. Wait until after flowering to choose the variety is good to retain, the variety is not good to remove.

Overwintering: the bulbs should be dug up after the early frost, and the soil should be cleaned. After drying for a day or two, the bulbs should be preserved in the human room. Gladiolus dormancy in winter, dormancy period is generally 30-90 days, overwintering temperature should not be lower than 5 Zhang.

Disease and pest control of Gladiolus

The common diseases and insect pests of Gladiolus include corm rot, leaf blight, thrips, slugs and so on. Corm rot disease infected corm surface will appear yellowish brown and downward sunken disease spot, surrounded by a black ulcer, if the cold air is large, the disease spot will expand rapidly, and grow a turquoise mildew layer, and finally the corm will shrink dry and hard. The disease often occurs during the storage period of the corm.

To prevent the occurrence of this disease, you should be careful when digging the bulb to avoid causing trauma to the bulb. Soak the dug-out bulbs in cold water, then disinfect them with alcohol, and then store them in a ventilated and dry storage room, where the temperature is kept at 4-5 degrees Celsius.

Leaf blight disease infected plants will appear macula at the leaf tip, and finally a dark brown mildew layer will appear on the diseased spot. The disease is most likely to break out from July to September every year.

To prevent the occurrence of this disease, it is necessary to handle it carefully before planting. Before planting, you can peel off the dry scales of the bulb, then soak the bulb in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for about 15 minutes, disinfect it, and then plant it.

If the plant has been infected, 1% equal volume Bordeaux solution or 50% Dyson zinc powder 1000 times can be sprayed at the initial stage, usually once every 8 to 10 days.

Thrips this pest hides in the leaf armpit during the day, harms the leaf stem, overcast or at night will climb out to harm the leaf surface, but also climb to the flower, feed on the flower, the petals will gradually curl.

It was found that the pest could be sprayed with a 400-fold solution of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion.

Slugs, also known as slugs, this pest mainly eats the buds and leaves of plants, leaving silver marks where they pass.

When this pest is found, it can be sprayed with 3% lime water or 100 times liquid ammonia water.

The best location: suitable for the sunny windowsill.

A brief introduction to the habits, cultivation and maintenance of Gladiolus [picture]

A brief introduction to the habits, cultivation and maintenance of Gladiolus [picture]

[FAQ] what kind of plant is Gladiolus?

[expert answers]

Introduction of Gladiolus

Gladiolus (scientific name: Gladiolus gandavensis) is native to South Africa. Varieties are melancholy gladiolus, Gande gladiolus and so on. The flower stem is higher than the leaf, and the Corolla tube is in the shape of an expanded funnel, and the flower colors are red, yellow, purple, white, blue and other monochrome or multi-color varieties.

It is widely cultivated all over the world, and the main producing countries are the United States, the Netherlands, Israel and Japan. Gladiolus is an important fresh cut flower, which can be used as flower basket, bouquet, vase and so on. Flower borders and special flower beds can be arranged.

The dwarf variety, which can be cultivated in pot, belongs to the bulbous plant of Cucurbitaceae. Together with roses, carnations and Fulang flowers, it is known as the "four cut flowers in the world".

It is widely cultivated all over the world, and the main producing countries are the United States, the Netherlands, Israel and Japan. Gladiolus is an important fresh cut flower, which can be used as flower basket, bouquet, vase and so on.

Flower borders and special flower beds can be arranged, and dwarf varieties can be watched in pots.

A brief introduction to the habits, cultivation and maintenance of Gladiolus [picture]

Morphological characteristics of Gladiolus

Morphological characteristics

Gladiolus belongs to perennial herbs, stem base oblate bulb, plant height 90-150 cm, stem stout erect, unbranched or rarely branched, leaves hard sword-shaped, 7-8 leaves stacked arrangement.

Leaves to-40 cm long, 4-5 cm wide with many conspicuous parallel veins. The flower stem is higher than the leaf, the spike is arranged in two rows of 12-24 flowers, lateral to one side, the Corolla tube is inflated funnel-shaped, slightly bent upward, the flower diameter is 12-16 cm, the flower color is red, yellow, white, purple, blue and other shades or varieties with complex colors, flowering summer and autumn, capsule 3-loculed, dorsally lobed, containing 15 seeds and 70 seeds. Seeds dark brown flattened winged.

Biological characteristics

Gladiolus is native to tropical Africa and the Mediterranean. Like cool climatic conditions, afraid of heat and cold. It requires fertile, loose, moist and well-drained soil.

Specific habits

Plant height 80,170 cm, corm oblate or ovoid, with annular nodes. Leaves 6-9, sword-shaped. Scorpion tail umbels, with 24 flowers, large flowers. Gladiolus like cool, not cold-resistant, afraid of extreme heat, requiring loose, fertile, moist, well-drained soil. The optimum temperature for growth was 20: 25 ℃ during the day and 10: 15 ℃ at night. Gladiolus is a long-day plant, and the light of 16 hours a day is the most suitable.

The underground part of Gladiolus has bulbs, whisker roots and contractile roots. The bulb is a dormant organ. If you plant a mother ball in spring, you can harvest one or more new bulbs with more than 2cm in autumn. The bulb is oblate or oval, and the outer part of the corm is covered with 6 layers of brown film, which protects the corm. there are 6 bud eyes on the corm, which are arranged in a straight line, with the main bud in the middle and the lateral bud on the side. Both the main bud and lateral bud can form new plants, and the plants formed by lateral buds can also heading and flowering. The chassis of the corm is covered with root primordium, and the fibrous root is formed after germination.

When the plant grows with 3 leaves, a new corm begins to form on the female corm, and many new roots-shrinking roots grow on the new corm.

With the formation of the new corm and the contractile root, the mother bulb and the bearded root gradually atrophied and withered. After the new corm grew, there was a baby ball between the new corm and the contractile root. Due to the difference of seed ball size and variety, the seed ball bearing capacity of Dahongpao variety can reach 50-70, while that of Ziqixiangyun variety is only 4-8.

Most of the bulbs are oval or peach-shaped. The flowering stem of Acorus calamus is drawn from the leaves. The spike is 30-75cm long, with 24 flowers per spike, usually lateral to one side, arranged in two rows, the Corolla diameter 8-16cm Corolla gradually decreases from the bottom to the top, and the flowers open gradually from the bottom to the top. Corolla tube is inflated funnel-shaped, trumpet-shaped, bell-shaped, etc., slightly bent upward.

Bulb oblate-globose, 2.5-4.5 cm in diam., covered with brown or yellowish brown membranous coating.

Leaves basal or alternate at base of flower stem, sword-shaped, 40-60 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, base sheathlike, apex acuminate, mosaic arranged in 2 rows, grayish green, with several longitudinal veins and a prominent midrib.

Flower stem erect, 50-80 cm high, unbranched, lower part of flower stem with several alternate leaves; terminal spike 25-35 cm long, bracts 2 under each flower, membranous, yellowish green, ovate or broadly lanceolate, 4-5 cm long, 1.8-3 cm wide, midvein obvious; sessile; flowers solitary in bracts, symmetrical on both sides, red, yellow, white or pink, 6-8 cm in diameter. The perianth tube is about 2.5 cm long, the base is curved, the perianth lobes are arranged in 2 rounds, the perianth lobes of the inner and outer whorls are oval or oval, the upper 3 lobes are slightly larger (outer perianth lobes 2, inner perianth lobes 1), and the uppermost perianth lobes are very broad and curved into a helmet. Stamens 3, erect, Adnate to galeate inner perianth lobes, ca. 5.5 cm, anthers striate, red-purple or dark purple, filaments white, inserted on perianth tube; style ca. 6 cm, apex 3-lobed, stigma slightly flattened and dilated, tomentose, ovary elliptic, green, 3-loculed, placenta axile, ovules numerous.

Capsule elliptic or Obovate, loculicidally dehiscent at maturity; seeds flat and winged. The flowering period is from July to September and the fruiting period is from August to October.

The underground part is bulbous, oblate, 60-150 cm tall, the stem is stout and erect, unbranched or rarely branched, leaves hard sword-shaped, 7-8 leaves stacked. Leaves to-40 cm long, 4-5 cm wide with many conspicuous parallel veins.

The flower stem is high above the leaves, the scorpion-shaped Cymes are terminal, with 12 and 24 flowers arranged in two rows, lateral to one side, a few flowers on all sides; each peanut in the herbaceous spawn, sessile; the flower is large, symmetrical; the Corolla tube is inflated funnel-shaped, slightly bent upward, with a flower diameter of 12 to 16 cm, with red, yellow, white, purple, blue and other shades of monochromatic or complex colors, or with spots, stripes or wavy, wrinkled varieties. Flowering summer and autumn, capsule 3-loculed, dorsally lobed, containing 15-70 seeds. Seeds dark brown flattened winged. The basic number of chromosomes is xanth15.

Ecological habits of Gladiolus

Gladiolus is a light-loving long-day plant, avoid cold, like cool climate in summer, can not tolerate excessive heat, the corm germinates under the condition of 4: 5 ℃, and the growth of 20: 25 ℃ is the best.

The nature likes the rich and deep sandy soil, which requires good drainage, so it is not suitable to plant in the place where heavy soil is prone to waterlogging. The summer growth in Northeast and North China is better than that in Guangzhou and Shanghai. In winter in Shanghai, you can safely spend the winter in the open field, while in the north, you need to dig out the bulbs and put them indoors for the winter.

Gladiolus is native to tropical Africa and the Mediterranean. Gladiolus is a light-loving long-day plant, avoid cold, like cool climate in summer, can not tolerate excessive heat, the corm germinates under the condition of 4: 5 ℃, and the growth of 20: 25 ℃ is the best. The nature likes the rich and deep sandy soil, which requires good drainage, so it is not suitable to plant in the place where heavy soil is prone to waterlogging.

The summer growth in Northeast and North China is better than that in Guangzhou and Shanghai. In winter in Shanghai, you can safely spend the winter in the open field, while in the north, you need to dig out the corms and put them indoors. They are positive, like good ventilation and avoid muggy, wet and cold growth types.

A brief introduction to the habits, cultivation and maintenance of Gladiolus [picture]

Cultivation techniques of Gladiolus

Cultivation and management

(1) in production, bulbs are mainly planted, which are graded according to the size of bulbs in spring, and soaked in a mixture of 1000 times of carbendazim and 1500 times of carbendazim for 30 minutes, then sprouted under the condition of 20: 25 ℃, and can be planted in about one week. For the varieties with serious virus infection and obvious degradation, stem tip detoxification can be used to rejuvenate the plant.

(2) the conventional cultivation of Gladiolus refers to the cultivation under natural conditions, generally choosing bulbs with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm. There are two planting methods: ridge planting and border planting, with a depth of 5cm and 10cm. When gladiolus produces the second leaf, it is the time of flower bud differentiation, and it is particularly sensitive to environmental factors. In case of low temperature and weak light, the number of "blind flowers" increases.

Generally, when preparing the soil, nitrogen 6kg, phosphorus 6kg, potassium 7kg are applied per mu. Topdressing is needed for 3 times in the whole growing season, that is, when the inflorescence is extracted from the leaves and 15 days after flowering, topdressing is needed.

(3) in order to promote the cultivation of Gladiolus, it is necessary to break the dormancy of seed bulbs. After planting balls, dormancy can be broken under natural conditions from late autumn to early winter under the influence of low temperature. To promote cultivation, dormancy must be broken artificially, that is, after harvest, the bulbs were first treated with 35 ℃ high temperature for 15-20 days, then treated with 2-3 ℃ low temperature for 20 days, and then planted, which could germinate and grow normally.

If it is required to supply flowers from January to February, it will be planted from October to November; if it is planted in December, it will blossom from March to May. That is, it takes 100 to 120 days from planting to flowering. The row spacing for promoting cultivation is 15cm × 15cm or 25cm × 7cm, with 4060 bulbs per square meter. After planting, the temperature should be kept at 20: 25 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ at night.

(4) Gladiolus can also be cultivated later. After harvest, the bulbs were stored in 3-5 ℃ dry cold storage, and then planted in the greenhouse from July to August the following year. The management work was the same as that of promoting cultivation.

(5) cut flowers can be harvested 60-100 days after planting, depending on the variety. When 1-5 florets in the lower part of the inflorescence are transparent, it is the right time to harvest, usually together with 2-3 leaves, be careful not to hurt the leaves left on the lower stem, so as to continue to provide nutrition for new balls and bulbs. The collected flowers should be packed in grades and placed in a storage of about 4 ℃ and transported to consumers within 3-7 days. If the storage or transportation time is too long, the quality will decline.

Key points of cultivation

1. Soil preparation and fertilization of gladiolus should choose sandy loam, the soil layer should be deep, loose, good drainage, avoid stagnant water. Make the border 20 cm high and 1 m ~ 1.5 m wide. Fertilization should take into account both nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As Gladiolus is a shallow root plant, fertilizer should be applied shallowly. Topdressing in the two true leaf stage (after flower bud differentiation) and heading stage, apply dilute fecal water plus urea once, re-apply potassium fertilizer in the middle stage, and pay attention to nitrogen control in the later stage, so as to avoid plant overgrowth and lodging. The plots dominated by seed bulb production should be mainly increased with potash fertilizer.

2. Selection and treatment of bulbs after determining the cultivated varieties, attention should be paid to the selection of bulbs, the varieties should not be mixed, and the bulbs without disease and bud damage should be selected. Before planting, soak the graded bulbs in water for 15 minutes, then soak them with 0.1% mercury or formalin 80 times solution for half an hour to disinfect, remove and rinse thoroughly before sowing.

3. During the planting period, it is generally planted from April to May and the ground temperature is about 10C. If the annual production is to be produced, it should be determined according to different flowering periods. Under the condition of guaranteed temperature and light, those who require New Year's Day to be listed before should be planted in early September, those listed during the Spring Festival can be planted at the end of September, and those who supply cut flowers in early spring can be planted from late November to late December. Those that bloom from late May to early June can sprout in early February, plant in the open field in early April, and those flowering on National Day can be planted from early June to mid-July.

4. Break the dormancy of bulbs at low temperature for about 3 months. If you need to plant in advance, you can first use 35 ℃ high temperature treatment for 15-20 days, and then use 2C~3 C low temperature treatment for 20 days to break dormancy. However, during this period, the bulb should be kept dry, too much humidity is easy to cause corm rot.

5. The planting specification varies with the plant type of the variety, 20 cm square for large plant type and 10 cm square for small and medium plant type. The planting depth is generally 3 cm ~ 10 cm. In order to prevent lodging, when planting bulbs, put 2 layers of 20 cm square nylon grid on the planting bed in advance, and then pull and tighten layer by layer with pillars as the plant grows, to prevent the plant from lodging and bending the flower stem.

6. Flower harvesting and corm storage Gladiolus gladiolus flowers should be harvested at the beginning of the lowermost flower. When cutting flowers, you should leave three green leaves at the base of the plant, so that the bulbs continue to expand, usually cut flowers every afternoon, classified according to varieties, 10 bundles packed into the box for listing. It is better to dig the bulb when the leaf tip is about 1 pm 3 withered and yellow. Cut off the leaves after digging, dry the bulb for several hours, wait for the outer skin to dry, and then transfer to the room. Put the new balls and balls into shallow boxes and store them in a dry, ventilated, temperature of 5 C~llC. During this period, check the turning to prevent heat and mildew.

Cultivation skills

Gladiolus is a perennial herbaceous flower and one of the four cut flowers in the world. Beautiful flowers, bright colors, petals such as Bo Juan, very lovable, natural flowering some in spring, some in summer.

When the upper part of the local part yellowed, the bulbs could be dug, and those who planted late could be dug in late November. If the hard leaves are green when digging the ball, they can be spread out in bundles to dry, then rip off the leaves and take the ball for storage. Grow balls on the indoor multi-storey shelves of the thin stalls, requiring ventilation and dryness to prevent frost damage. If it has not been planted in summer, some of the corms begin to sprout, but it does not affect the growth and flowering after planting. For example, if they are refrigerated at 4-5 ℃ since May, there will be no sprouting. Photogenic long-day plants, winter cultivation of cloudy days to increase light, afraid of cold. The suitable growth temperature is 20 / 25 ℃ in daytime and 10 / 15 / ℃ in night. Through the dormant corms, the temperature sprouted at 4 ℃ 5 ℃, and the plants froze to death when cultivated at 0 ℃ in winter. Do not tolerate waterlogging and avoid stagnant water in the cultivated land. For the sandy loam with good drainage and fertile soil, the best pH value is 5.6. 6. 5.

In order to promote its early flowering or delay flowering, prolong the time on the market, and increase the economic benefits of cut Gladiolus flowers, five methods of florescence regulation were explored and summarized through the practice of horticultural technicians and some flower farmers in Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province.

Regulation and control by cultivation management measures

When cultivated in small arch shed in winter, proper increase of light is beneficial to flowering and improvement of flower quality; shading net in summer can reduce temperature and improve flower quality; 2-3 year rotation can prevent diseases and insect pests and make it grow normally; large flower varieties can blossom in advance in density and high temperature season, otherwise they can delay flowering. During the growing period, nitrogen fertilizer should be the main fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be used in the later stage when stem elongation and bud gestation can make the pedicel sturdy and improve the quality of flowers.

Making use of the differences among varieties to control florescence

There are great differences among varieties in growth cycle, such as 50-60 days for early-maturing species, 65-80 days for middle-maturing varieties and 80-120 days for late-maturing varieties. In order to accurately arrange the listing time of cut flowers, the reciprocal method is generally used, that is, the planting time is calculated from the listing time of cut flowers. At the same time, the sowing time of different varieties should be arranged according to the growth cycle of each variety. In addition, the flowering period can also be partially adjusted by the regulation of light and temperature. Long-day flowers need more than 14 hours of light per day. According to this characteristic, the daily time for gladiolus to receive light can be shortened to less than 10 hours-12 hours by shading, so as to achieve the purpose of delaying flowering. This measure can only affect the change of flowering within a week, if forced to advance or postpone the natural flowering is disadvantageous to the quality of cut flowers.

Break dormancy and blossom early

Gladiolus has dormancy, generally dormant in 30-90 days, dormant bulbs can not grow even if the environment is suitable. The method of breaking dormancy is more low temperature treatment, put it under the condition of 0 degrees Celsius-4 degrees Celsius, refrigerated for 30 days-50 days, can break germination and flowering. You can also soak the bulb in warm water of 30 degrees Celsius for two weeks to release dormancy, or hang the bulb in the greenhouse for 30 days, then soak in warm water of 27 degrees Celsius-32 degrees Celsius for about 12 hours before planting.

Using plant growth regulators to promote early flowering

The number of flowering of Gladiolus corm could be increased by watering Gladiolus corm with 800 mg / kg aqueous solution for 3 times. the first watering was carried out after planting bulbs, the second was carried out 4 weeks after planting, and the last irrigation was carried out 25 days before flowering. Flowering can be done 5-8 days ahead of schedule.

Prolong the dormancy of the bulb and postpone the florescence

If the bulb is kept in a low temperature and dry environment, the corm can keep dormant and will not germinate and grow, so as to delay the flowering period. When flowering is needed, the temperature is raised in advance to provide suitable conditions for germination so that the bulb ends dormancy and blossoms as scheduled.

Culture methods of Gladiolus

Field management

In order to cultivate Gladiolus, we should choose sandy loam with sunny, good drainage and high humus content; although it can grow and blossom in clay, the development of renewal ball is poor, and there are few small balls formed under big ball, so enough base fertilizer should be applied in soil before planting, and it is better to be rich in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The planting depth varies according to soil properties and corm size, generally 5 cm to 10 cm, plant spacing 15 cm to 25 cm, topdressing 3 times during the growth period. The first time after the two leaves unfold, to promote the bud stem and leaf growth; the second time, in the 4-leaf stem elongation to promote the bud, to promote the flower branch stout, the flower is large; the third time, after flowering, to promote the regeneration ball development. Sunshine during the growing period is beneficial to the differentiation and development of flower buds. In case of drought in summer, adequate irrigation should be provided, and attention should be paid to drainage and irrigation in the rainy season.

The Propagation Mode of Gladiolus

The reproduction of Gladiolus is mainly divided into bulbs, and the new bulbs bloom in the second year, and the bulbs can also be cut in order to accelerate reproduction, each piece must have sprouts and roots, the incisions must be coated with plant ash, slightly dried and planted, and when cultivating new varieties, multi-use sowing and propagation, seeds are collected in autumn and the germination rate is high; winter seedlings are transferred to greenhouse culture, and the Spring Equinox is planted in the open field to strengthen management, and some seedlings can bloom in autumn.

1. Sowing and reproduction

Sowing propagation is mainly used for cross breeding and breeding of new varieties, but it is rarely used in production. Gladiolus seeds have no dormancy period, and the seed life is short, so it should be sowed immediately after harvest, usually in the early and middle of September, using the sowing method. The suitable temperature for germination is 20 ℃, and the seedlings can emerge in 30 days with 25ml and blossom in 2-3 years.

two。 Meristematic reproduction

This method is often used in production. After the aboveground part of Gladiolus was withered, the bulbs were dug out, the small corms attached to the big corms were removed, graded, fully dried and stored in a ventilated and dry place of 5 Mel 10 ℃. It could be planted by strip sowing in the second year, and it could blossom after being cultivated for 1 mi for 2 years. In addition, the method of cutting the bulb can also be used to reproduce. The big bulb with strong growth should be selected, the outer skin membrane should be removed, and the bulb should be cut into several pieces with a sterilized knife, each with more than one stem bud and part of the stem disk. Smear the cut stem plate with plant ash, charcoal powder or sulfur powder to prevent decay. After drying, the stem buds are planted upward into the culture soil of 10 cm deep, which can generally blossom in the same year, but this method is rarely used now.

3. Tissue culture

Dormant buds, axillary buds and corm cubes can be used as explants for tissue culture.

The editor concluded: gladiolus, also known as sword orchid, is planted in many places and can be used as an ornamental plant. It has a good use in gardens and flower mirrors.