How to grow peppermint with high yield? Green and high-yield cultivation techniques of peppermint

How to grow mint? Peppermint is distributed in many provinces in China, and the best mint produced in Taicang, Jiangsu Province, is called Su mint, which is mainly produced in Anhui, Hubei, Shandong and Sichuan. According to his experience, the green high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of mint are introduced as follows:

1 Variety selection

Generally speaking, there are two most common varieties of peppermint, namely green stem and purple stem purple vein.

2 selection of cultivation sites

Peppermint is a long-day plant and likes sunlight. The most suitable temperature for growth is 25-30 ℃. It can be cultivated in general soil, and sandy loam and alluvial soil are better. The suitable pH value of soil is 6.0-7.5. Choose scattered land with sufficient irrigation and drainage conditions, such as ponds, houses and canals, with fertile soil and flat terrain; sandy soil, land with insufficient light and drought and easy to accumulate water is not suitable for planting. Land that has been planted with mint can not be replanted until it has been fallow for about 3 years.

(3) soil preparation and fertilization

Peppermint is a crop growing for many years, so the land must be leveled when planting a large area, so as to facilitate irrigation in dry season and drainage in rainy season. Deep ploughing in early spring, ploughing depth of not less than 25 cm, application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 50 kg / mu, 12% calcium superphosphate 100 kg / mu before ploughing, 4000-5000 kg of farm manure fully ripened and dried for more than 7 days, lignin fungus fertilizer 150-200 kg (where possible, farm manure and lignin fertilizer are evenly mixed and fermented for 30 days without direct light) All the above fertilizers are applied in the way of sprinkling. Spray 45-50 kg, or 38% rare earth nitrate spray 50 kg of water. In the early stage of melon expansion, 75 ml of rare earth animal and plant treasure can be used per mu, and 60 kg of water is sprayed.

4 kinds of seedling selection

Peppermint seedlings generally have three propagation methods: rhizome, split plant and cutting. they are planted in a large area and mostly adopt the method of cutting propagation. Cutting propagation in Shandong area is generally from May to June, and the seedling bed is located in sandy soil with convenient transportation and convenient drainage and irrigation. ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 30kg / mu and lignin fertilizer 100kg per mu are used as base fertilizer. After ploughing and raking, the border is 1.2 meters wide, the ridge width is not less than 8 cm, and the ridge height is 12 cm. The sturdy and pest-free aboveground stems and branches were cut into cuttings with a length of 10 cm, and the cutting seedlings were raised according to the row spacing of 7 cm × 3 cm to keep the soil moist. In late June, when the mint seedlings were 10-15 cm high, the wild and mixed peppermint plants were pulled out, and the seedlings were thinned and replenished according to the plant spacing of 10-15 cm.

5 planting

In southwestern Shandong, mint is usually planted from early October to early November. Before planting, rake the planting field flat and fine, make the border according to the width of 2 to 3 meters, the ridge height is 15 to 20 centimeters, adopt the strip trench planting method, dig the ditch with a row spacing of 30 centimeters to 40 centimeters, the ditch depth is 6 to 10 centimeters, the planting plant spacing is 15 to 20 centimeters, put the peppermint seedling roots evenly in the planting ditch, then cover the soil and suppress slightly. It takes about 200 kilograms to plant roots per mu.

6. Management after planting

6.1 ploughing and weeding

In order to ensure the quality and growth potential of mint products, the use of any herbicides is not recommended during the whole growth and development period. In March, shallow and middle tillage is adopted to control weeds, and then shallow and medium tillage is used again after the first harvest. Generally, there are 2 or 3 times of intertillage from planting to harvest.

6.2 watering and topdressing

Reasonable topdressing to ensure that the plant is strong but not prosperous, peppermint first stubble should not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer before harvest, otherwise the plant growth is too prosperous, the stem is thin and weak, and lodging is easy to occur in the middle and later stage of growth. When the seedling height is 10 to 15 centimeters, ditching and topdressing fertilizer is generally applied per mu, urea with a nitrogen content of 46% is 8-10 kg, and traditional Chinese medicine lignin bacterial fertilizer is 40 kg. After ridge sealing, 150 times biological fermentation bacteria solution was sprayed on the leaves, once every 10 days, and 2 times continuously.

Peppermint needs more water in the early and middle stages of growth and development. if the weather is dry after planting, water should be watered once every 15 days, and the plant should be watered gently after ridge sealing to prevent the excessive growth of plant stems and leaves, lodging and shedding of lower leaves, and the yield will be reduced. Stop watering 20-25 days before harvest.

6.3 Plant adjustment

When peppermint plants enter the vigorous growth period in May, the terminal buds should be removed in time to promote the growth of lateral branches, stems and leaves (which can increase the yield by more than 10%); the withered leaves in the lower parts should be removed in time, destroyed at a long distance or buried deep in the place.

7 integrated control of diseases and insect pests

7.1 Common diseases

① rust

The leaves and stems of peppermint are mainly harmed. In the early stage of the disease, round to spindle-shaped yellow disease spots are formed on the leaf surface, which gradually expand and produce rust-like rust spores. When the damage is serious, the disease is hypertrophic and deformed.

② spot blight

Also known as white star disease, is a fungal disease, which mainly harms peppermint leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, there are round to irregular dark green disease spots on the leaves, the size is 2mm to 3mm, then turn brown, the middle fades to gray, and there are faded edges around. There are small black spots on the disease spot, that is, the pathogen conidium. The leaf tissue around the seriously diseased spot turned yellow, resulting in early defoliation or local death of the leaf.

③ black shank disease

Mainly occurred in the seedling stage, causing mint stem base contraction depression, blackening, decay, plant lodging, wilting and so on, seriously affecting the growth of peppermint.

Comprehensive control measures of ④

Strengthen field management, timely pull out diseased plants during peppermint growth and take them away from the planting field; reasonable close planting to keep the field ventilated and transparent; timely drainage after heavy rain; timely removal of diseased remains after peppermint harvest, long-distance destruction or short-distance deep burial. Chemical control: rust was controlled by 25% triadimefon 1 000 × 1 500 times liquid leaf spray. 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is commonly used for the control of leaf blight, foliar spray, once every 7 days and 3 times in a row. 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times solution was sprayed every 7 days for 3 times in a row to prevent and control the harm of black shank to mint. When using chemical control, be sure to stop using the drug 20 days before harvest.

7.2 Common insect pests

① ground tiger

Also known as soil silkworm, root cutter. Mainly in the peppermint seedling stage damage, bite off young roots, resulting in plant death, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges in the field.

② bridge worm

The insect mainly harms mint leaves, flowers, buds, fruits and twigs, and seriously affects the growth of plants.

③ prevention and control measures

Combined with land preparation, use 3% phoxim particles 10 grams per square meter, or Beauveria bassiana in planting ditches, 20 kilograms per square meter to control the damage of ground tigers to peppermint roots. Physical control measures are mainly used to control bridge insects. The Beginning of Summer to Grain in Beard, use black light to trap and kill adults, generally the light source is 30cm higher than peppermint plants; make use of the characteristics of adult sweet and vinegar to trap and kill, set up a sweet and sour liquid box per mu, place height higher than peppermint plants, cover it during the day, open it in the evening During the peak incubation period, the eggs were treated with 100x emulsion of Bacillus thuringiensis or sprayed with 10 billion live spores / 500 × 1000x of Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder.

8 harvest

Mint is planted in southwestern Shandong and harvested twice a year, the first from late June to early July, no later than mid-July, and the second harvest in early October. Where there are conditions, mechanical harvesting should be adopted. The mint after harvest is spread out on the ground where there is no direct light to dry until 70 to 80%, then tie it into a small handful and place it in a cool and ventilated place to continue to dry.

The above is the peppermint planting experience in the southwest of Shandong Province. Interested farmers are welcome to learn more from Huinong Network.

High-yield cultivation techniques of peppermint

[frequently asked questions] High-yield cultivation techniques of peppermint

[expert answers]

Picture: peppermint cultivation

First, raising seedlings

L. Rhizome propagation. The root cultivation was carried out in late April or late August. The plants with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as mother plants in the field and planted according to the row spacing of 20 × 10cm. After the aboveground stems and leaves were harvested in early winter, the rhizomes were left in place as seed plants.

2. Ramet propagation. Peppermint seedlings are about 15cm high, so they should be interseedling and supplement seedlings. The seedlings were transplanted by means of interstitial seedlings.

3. Cuttage propagation. From May to June, the aboveground stems and branches were cut into 10cm long cuttings, and the seedlings were raised by cutting according to the row spacing of 7 × 3cm on the whole seedling bed, and then transplanted to the field after rooting and germination.

2. Transplanting

The main results are as follows: 1. peppermint was transplanted before germination in the early spring of the second year, early planting and early germination, long growth period and high yield. When planting, dig up the rhizome, select the sturdy, short Internode, disease-free rhizome as the seed root, cut into 7-10cm long segments, and then on the whole border surface according to the row spacing 25cm, open the deep ditch of l0cm. According to the distance between 10cm plants, the seed roots were placed obliquely in the ditch to cover the fine soil, step on the soil and water it.

2. Pick the heart and hit the top, when the plant grows vigorously in May, the terminal bud should be removed in time to promote the growth of lateral branches, stems and leaves, which is beneficial to increase yield.

Third, head knife period management (from seedling emergence to the first harvest)

1. Check seedlings and replant. After the basic whole seedling in the field, the seedlings should be checked in time, and the missing or sparse points and pieces of seedlings should be replanted.

2. Ploughing and weeding. After the whole seedling, inter-row ploughing weeding, artificial weeding among plants, in order to preserve soil moisture, increase soil temperature, eliminate weeds and promote seedling growth. Ploughing and weeding for 2-3 times before closing. Remove weeds from the field before harvest to prevent the smell of other weeds from affecting the quality of peppermint oil.

3. Topdressing at the right time. When the seedling height was 10-15cm, urea l0kg was applied per mu, and 5ml + 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 150g urea was sprayed twice per mu after closing.

4. Scientific watering. Peppermint needs more water in the early and middle stages, especially in the early growth stage, the root system has not yet been formed and needs more water, generally watering for about 15 days, and 4-5 times from seedling emergence to harvest. After sealing, it should be irrigated gently to avoid excessive growth of stems and leaves, lodging, resulting in the shedding of the lower leaves and reducing the yield. The water will be cut off 20-25 days before harvest. It is appropriate to "whiten" the ground during harvest.

5. Disease control. The main disease of mint is black shank, which occurs at the seedling stage. The symptoms are that the base of the stem shrinks and sinks, blackens and rotts, and the plant loses and wilts. For prevention and treatment, 70% chlorothalonil or 40% carbendazim 100-150g can be sprayed with water during the onset of the disease.

① peppermint rust, easy to occur from May to July, is sprayed with 1000-1500 times liquid leaves.

② spot blight occurs from May to October. 65% of Dysen zinc is sprayed at the initial stage of the disease, which can be controlled once a week.

6. Pest control. The main pest of mint is "bridge-building insect", and the damage period is about the middle of June and the end of August. The general population density is up to 10 heads / m2, and the enemy can kill 15-20ml per mu, spray 1-2 times, or spray 1000 times with 80% dichlorvos.

7. Harvest in time. In early July, when the buds of 10-30% of the main stem of mint are in full bloom, the harvest begins. The upper stems and leaves should be cut off during harvest, and the mint cut should be spread out to dry immediately. There should be no backlog so as not to ferment. Early harvest of peppermint will reduce the oil yield, too late harvest, peppermint furan content increases, affecting the quality of oil. Sun-wilted mint is bundled in time for distillation refining.

Fourth, second knife period management (after the first harvest to before the second harvest)

The main results are as follows: 1. The growing period of mint in the second knife period is relatively short, so it is necessary to clean the fallen leaves in time after the first knife is harvested for distillation and oil refining. It is necessary to hoe the stubble, weeds and stolons from the ground as soon as possible (usually 2-3cm), so as to promote the buds of TJ seedlings to emerge from the rhizome.

2. Watering immediately after hoeing stubble to promote the early development and rapid growth of the two-knife seedlings, prolong the growth time and increase the yield. Watering 3-4 times in the second knife stage, when the seedling height was 10-15cm, applying urea l0kg per mu, topdressing 1-2 times on the leaf surface, and pulling weeds 1-2 times before harvest, so that there were no weeds in the field before harvest.

5. Harvest

1. The harvest time is from mid-September to mid-October.

2. when the sun is 7-8 dry, tie it into a small handful, and then dry it to the whole. The dry body is full of leaves, dark green leaves, purple-brown stems or light green, strong aroma is preferred.

[editor's summary]

Peppermint is a common aromatic crop, which often grows near mountain wetlands. It can not only be dried and eaten as medicine, but also can be picked and eaten as fresh vegetables. The first Agricultural Economics editor introduced the high-yield cultivation techniques of mint to you in this article. I hope it will be helpful to you.

How to manage peppermint cultivation? Field management techniques of peppermint planting

Peppermint has both medical and edible functions, the tender stem tip can be used as vegetable food, and the whole grass can be used as medicine, so it has high planting value. In the process of planting mint, doing a good job of field management is the key to achieve stable and high yield, which should be paid attention to by farmers. So, how to manage peppermint cultivation? The field management techniques of peppermint planting are introduced as follows.

Picture: peppermint planting

First, check seedlings and replenish seedlings

After transplanting in early April, when the seedling height is 10 cm, it is necessary to check and replenish the seedlings in time, keeping the distance between plants about 15 cm, that is, leaving 20, 000-30, 000 seedlings per mu.

Second, ploughing and weeding

From March to April, there were 2-3 times of weeding and weeding. As the peppermint root system is concentrated in the soil layer of 15 cm, the underground rhizome is concentrated in the soil layer of 10 cm, so the ploughing should be shallow rather than deep. After the first harvest, divide it again.

3. Topdressing

Usually four times. When the seedlings emerged in February for the first time, 1000 kg-1500 kg per mu of dung water was applied to promote the growth of seedlings. The second time in the seedling height of 20 cm-25 cm, the application of ternary compound fertilizer 40 kg-50 kg per mu, deep application of trench between rows, covering soil after application. After the third harvest of mint for the first time, 70 kg-75 kg of ternary compound fertilizer was applied per mu, and 1500 kg-2000 kg of concentrated dung water was best applied to promote early growth after harvest so as to increase yield. The fourth time in early September, when the seedling height was 25 cm-30 cm, 20 kg-25 kg ternary compound fertilizer was applied per mu to meet the plant demand.

Picture: peppermint planting

IV. Drainage and irrigation

It should be watered in time after each fertilization. When there is high temperature, dryness and summer drought from July to August, it is necessary to irrigate and fight drought in time. In rainy season, stagnant water in the field should be eliminated in time.

Fifth, get rid of chores

After several years of planting, the improved varieties of mint will be degraded and mixed, mainly manifested as uneven plant height, abnormal leaf color and leaf shape, different maturity, weakening stress resistance, and decline in the output and quality of crude oil. When wild mint is found, it should be removed as soon as possible, and it should be removed before the aboveground stem grows to 8 pairs of leaves at the latest, because the underground stem has not yet sprouted and can be pulled clean and thoroughly. Removal of impurities should be carried out when the soil is soft after rain, which not only saves effort but also reduces the impact on the surrounding mint. When removing miscellaneous, if it is difficult to distinguish for a while, the leaves can be picked and shaped, and those who smell peculiar smell after rubbing with their hands are called wild mint. The removal of miscellaneous work should be carried out repeatedly, and two knives of mint should also be removed for 2-3 times. If the basic seedling is insufficient after the head knife is removed, the seedling should also be transferred to fill the gap.

[conclusion] to do a good job in the field management of mint is the key to realize the yield benefit of mint planting. The above introduces the field management technology of peppermint planting. I hope it can be helpful to you!