How to cultivate rose flowers? Cultivation, management and conservation skills of abundant flower rose

Fenghua rose is a kind of rose, which has rich flowers and colors, beautiful flower pattern and long flowering period. the common planting places are urban environmental greening, garden flower beds, and can also be planted in courtyards or potted plants. the planting method is simple, and the following are detailed cultivation, management and maintenance skills of Fenghua rose, which you can refer to.

Growing environment

Fenghuayue happy light, warm and humid climate, cold resistance, high temperature resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, disease resistance, strong adaptability to the environment; like fertile slightly acidic soil to grow best. The flower is cultivated in the north to winter and covered with soil and grass to protect the winter.

Cultivation and management

① Fenghua rose is better for cutting in spring and autumn, and it can also be cut in summer. As long as the branches with well-developed leaves are selected as cuttings, cut 10 cm long with 4 nodes, the lower end is cut into horseshoe shape or oblique shape, and soak the roots with proper rooting agent for 2-3 hours, the survival rate can be improved.

② soil can use nutritious soil, river sand, perlite as substrate, after cutting cuttings, pour appropriate amount of water, and then cover with plastic sheeting, watering to maintain humidity and temperature, but also in the morning and evening to open the plastic sheet for ventilation, cover at noon, conducive to the germination and rooting of branches. When the bud grows to 2 cm for about 10 days, it can be ventilated during the day, covered at night, and cultured normally after 60 days.

Pruning

Abundant rose has strong adaptability and resistance to pruning, which can prune weak branches and diseased twigs in spring to facilitate plant growth and blossom; timely cutting off residual flowers or overdense branches at flowering stage is good for ventilation and light penetration; pruning withered branches and old branches after autumn to avoid absorbing nutrients.

The biggest feature of Fenghua rose is that the color is not affected by climate temperature, the ornamental value is very high, the common colors are dark red, silver powder, light powder and so on, when flowering is a beautiful scenery. If you are interested, you can take a look at the cultivation and maintenance skills shared by the editor.

Cultivation techniques, maintenance and management methods of rose flowers

Rose cultivation, rose is a very sunny plant, if the light is not enough, it is difficult to achieve monthly flowering, so rose breeding flower friends should pay attention to this, the following we focus on the cultivation methods of Chinese rose.

Rose cultivation techniques 1. Rose cultivation: pruning once

That is, at the same time of flowering, cut off the overdense peripheral flower branches, twigs and tufted branches of potted rose in time, so as to promote the plant to produce some new vegetative branches to replace old flower branches. The specific method is: when the flowers on the flower branches wither, the 3 to 5 nodes under the flowers will be cut short, in principle, the long flower branches will be a little longer, and the short flower branches will be shorter. The main flower branch is long-cut, the lateral flower branch is cut off at the same place of the main branch, and the last flower branch on each main branch is sparse and strong, and heavy cutting is carried out to stimulate the germination of exuberant new branches on the low-node main branch.

2. Rose cultivation: pick buds once.

In the rose growing period, it is necessary to wipe the buds, pick buds, remove the disabled and other work. Wiping buds is for the buds that grow too much in spring, in addition to leaving 2 to 3 on the main branches, let nutrients be concentrated on the main branches, so that the plants grow fast, the branches are strong, and the flowers are large, plump and bright. The purpose of picking buds is to avoid too many and deformed flowers, which not only wastes nutrients, but also destroys the beauty of flowers. To remove the disabled is to cut off the flowers and the following two compound leaves in time when the flowers bloom and fail. It can remove part of the flower for a long time, which can not only concentrate the nutrition, but also prolong the florescence and open in batch.

3. Rose cultivation: fully fertilize twice.

Organic fertilizer plus compound fertilizer, 0.5kg compound fertilizer per load of water (15:15:15) plus 2kg retting organic fertilizer, irrigated once a month, and so on.

4. Rose cultivation: spraying three times

After May, it was rainy season, black spot and powdery mildew were easy to breed, and Bordeaux solution or thiophanate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim were sprayed in turn every 10 days.

5. Rose cultivation: sprinkling water for many times to cool down

Rose has a natural aversion to heat, and its growth is best when the temperature is from 20 ℃ to 25 ℃. The noon temperature on sunny days in summer is mostly above 30 ℃, so spray water to cool down from 10:00 to 15 to keep the top of the rose straight and fresh.

6. Rose cultivation: arranging the seedbed

Remove deciduous weeds and maintain the consistency of rose seedlings.

7. Rose cultivation: loosening soil and weeding

Combined with the removal of basin weeds, fine wire rakes can be used to gently break the surface of the soil around the flowerpot to enhance the loose ventilation performance of the basin soil and promote the normal growth of the root system.

8. Rose cultivation: prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Flowerpot placement site should often use 15% raw lime water or carbendazim, potassium permanganate aqueous solution spray sterilization. The high temperature in the rainy season from July to August is the high incidence period of leaf spot and powdery mildew. Baume 0.3: 0.5 degree stone-sulfur mixture can be sprayed once a week for a total of 2 times.

Maintenance methods of rose cultivation

Rose (scientific name: Rosa chinensis Jacq.), known as the queen of flowers, also known as "moon red", is an evergreen, semi-evergreen low shrub, flowering four seasons, usually red, or pink, occasionally white and yellow, can be used as an ornamental plant, can also be used as a medicinal plant, also known as rose. There are three natural varieties, modern rose flowers are diverse, single and double, and beautiful flower patterns such as high-heart crimping; its colors are bright and rich, not only red, pink, white and other monochrome, but also mixed color, silver edge and other varieties; most varieties have fragrance. There are many varieties of rose, there are nearly ten thousand in the world, and there are more than a thousand in China.

1. The varieties and habits of Chinese rose

1.1 varieties of rose

The classification of rose is very complex and has been controversial for many years. They can be roughly divided into the following types:

1.1.1 Hybrid flower arrangement rose

The varieties of this type have the highest ornamental value, spread all over the world, the leaves are dark green, most of them are glossy, and the buds are long. The flower wheel is big and plump.

1.1.2 Flower rose

The flowers are rich in color, but the diameter of the flowers is slightly smaller, and the flowers bloom in clusters. Every flowering season, blooming flowers, colorful, can fully reflect the beauty of the group. In addition, there are strong flower rose, miniature rose, rattan rose and other varieties.

1.2 Ecological habits of Chinese rose

Rose is a deciduous plant native to temperate zone, which has a certain tolerance to cold. When planting in most areas of northern China, it needs to bury the soil to protect overwintering. Other areas can survive the winter naturally in the open field, like the sun, and have no strict requirements for the length of sunshine, so they can continue to blossom, stop growing in the midsummer season, and bloom less. In winter, if you enter the high-temperature greenhouse, it will be evergreen and continue to bloom, but it is disadvantageous to the growth in the coming year. Loam and clay soil, which are not strict with soil requirements, like neutral and well-drained loam, can tolerate weak alkali. Poor growth in sandy soil and acid soil, strong fertilizer tolerance, the need to often supplement fertilizer can continue to blossom.

Propagation methods of Chinese rose flowers in February

The propagation of rose is mainly vegetative propagation, which can be cut, grafted, split, striped and so on, and cutting and grafting are the most widely used.

2.1 Cuttage propagation

Rose cutting propagation, first of all to do a good job in the preparation of cutting hotbed, to put brewing heat in the hotbed, such as horse dung or leaves, watering compaction, will produce a certain amount of heat. Cut the backward semi-lignified branches of flowers from the mother plant of the rose, the length is about 10 cm, and the branches generally have three bud eyes. all the leaves in the lower part of the cuttings should be cut off, leaving only the top two leaves for photosynthesis. leaves should not be left too much, consuming nutrients in the stem and evaporating a large amount of water, and the base of the cuttings is cut into a "horseshoe" oblique shape, which is placed in a clear water basin to prevent air drying and cut in time. The most suitable temperature for rose rooting is 20 ℃ 25 ℃. Generally, it can start rooting only when it is more than 8 Mel. If the ground temperature is lower than 8 ℃ in winter, it is difficult to take root after cutting. When the temperature picks up in spring, in addition to paying attention to bed spraying, do not ignore the moisture of the bed, otherwise due to lack of water, cuttings withered, and even rooted seedlings will be dried to death. The method of checking the matrix is to insert the soil into a depth of 8 mi 10 cm by hand and take out a little. If the hand is pinched into a ball, it indicates that the moisture is appropriate, and if it is not pinched into a ball, it indicates that the soil is short of water.

First, use a wooden stick to pierce the hole, and then press the cuttings in the sand hole by hand. The depth of the cuttings is 1 peg 3 of the cuttings, and the spacing should be that the leaves are not joined together. After inserting, you should use a fine spray pot to water and water thoroughly, sprinkle the bed sand and cover it with plastic film, shade for a week, the leaves should be sprayed twice a day, the wound will begin to heal after about a week, and it can take root and transplant in about a month. While digging and planting, adding 1% Murray 2% copper sulfate and about 0.50% urea into the mud can not only prevent root rot but also promote the growth and survival of seedlings. Before putting on the pot, put the broken tiles on the drainage mouth of the flowerpot, add the mixed soil, then plant the seedlings with soil into the pot, process and compact them layer by layer, pour water once after planting, put it under the shade shed for 10 days, move it to the sunny place of ventilation, and pour water once a day after putting on the pot.

2.2 grafting propagation

Grafting is the main means of breeding rose, when grafting, the selection of rootstocks is very important. The source of cuttings is sufficient, it is easy to take root, can adapt to the local climatic conditions, and has a good affinity with the scion. At present, the commonly used rootstock in China is Rosa. Branch grafting is often used in dormant period, before leaf buds sprout in spring. Bud grafting is often used in growing period.

3. Cultivation and management of rose.

The cultivation of rose can be divided into protected cultivation and open field cultivation.

3.1 protected cultivation (potted)

Rose is a light-loving plant, but too much light is disadvantageous to the development of flower buds, but it grows in places where there is not enough sunlight and the branches are slender. It takes about 45 days from budding to flowering, and the optimum temperature for growth is 15 ℃. Within this temperature range, the flowering is large and beautiful, but at 30 ℃, the flowers growing slowly, the flowers flowering above 30 ℃ become smaller and the flower color becomes lighter. 2-3 years of seedlings should be pruned, the old roots should be cut short to promote the new roots, but the roots should not be too heavy, the roots should be stretched when planting, the plants should be upright, and the potted soil should not be filled up. Pots are generally carried out in the dormant period, and the rose grows vigorously. Need a lot of fertilizer, change the basin once a year or once every other year, change the basin in the dormant period, after changing the basin need to be watered twice. Spring, summer and autumn should be placed in places with plenty of sunshine, good ventilation and no stagnant water.

After the Qingming Festival, it is a meticulous pruning of the rose out of the cellar, leaving the strong branches of the rose, and the other horizontal branches, weak branches, cross branches, and overdense branches should be cut off, and the selected branches should be selected from the base with 3 color and 5 bud holes, and all the above branches should be cut off, so that the plant can absorb a lot of nutrients from the soil and provide long-term growth needs of leaf buds and flower buds that leave branches after pruning. Remember to prune the buds after germination, and the late pruning affects the first flowering, which requires a high degree of consistency in growth. Each plant can leave 5 main branches with a maximum of 7 branches.

If the potted rose is not dry or watered, it will be thoroughly watered. The summer weather is hot, the evaporation capacity is big, the potted plant watering water should be more, especially in the evening one time should irrigate enough. Rose grows poorly and blossoms less when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃. Some people think that it is due to lack of fertility, so they apply more topdressing, on the contrary, it is bad. In the middle of summer, we generally do not topdressing, but only apply thin fertilizer frequently to the sturdy branches, once a week, twice a week. If we can take proper shade after 11:00, and bask in the sun again after 4 p.m., to avoid the hot temperature at noon, it can also withstand the weaker sunshine in the afternoon, which is conducive to photosynthesis and accumulate nutrients for the next crop of flowers. Fertilization can be applied after pruning, and 50% of human feces and urine are mixed with 2% superphosphate. In the middle of February, 3% of human feces and urine or 1% urea can be applied, or urea can be applied before and after rain. It is not suitable to apply fertilizer when the new shoots are red. At this time, fertilization leads to young root injury, wilting or stopping plant growth, so special attention is paid to it.

The rose also needs to be pruned in the middle, mainly cutting off the sprouting branches of the grafted rootstocks, cutting off the residual flowers and sparse buds with leaves after anthesis, cutting the weak flower branches from the base after the first crop of flowers, and the other stout flower branches, then cutting off the remaining sturdy flower branches from under 2 murine 3 leaves of the residual flowers, and the second crop flowers can still be pruned by thinning weak branches, leaving strong branches and strong buds.

Rose also needs to be pruned once before overwintering, but not prematurely. When pruning rose, not only strong branches should be selected, but also attention should be paid to the uniformity of principal and subordinate branches. Large flower varieties should have 6 strong branches, each branch should select a lateral strong bud at the height of 30ml / 40cm, and cut off the upper branches. For vine and rattan varieties, the old branches, weak branches, disease and insect branches were removed.

3.2 cultivation in open field

Rose planted in open field has developed root system, rapid growth, strong plant, small flowers and high ornamental value. in management, cultivation measures are selected according to different types, growth habits and geographical conditions, and the cultivation land is high, sunny and well ventilated. the soil is slightly acidic. The planting density of upright varieties is 75 cm x 75 cm, the plant row spacing of expansive varieties is 100 cm x 100 cm, the plant row spacing of vertical varieties is 40 cm x 50 cm, and that of rattan varieties is 200 cm x 200 cm.

4. Disease and insect pest control of Chinese rose.

4.1 Chemical control

4.1.1 powdery mildew

A fungal disease that harms flowers in an environment with poor ventilation at high temperature and high humidity. There is a phenomenon of powdery mildew on the tender leaves, which is called powdery mildew. 600 times the liquid of strychnine or 400 times of the solution can be used.

4.1.2 Black spot

Harmed by fungi, the mycelium or conidia disk overwintered in the soil on diseased residual branches or fallen leaves, and the next spring absorbed water to produce conidia, which were mainly transmitted by wind and rain. Rainy, foggy and dewy weather was conducive to spore germination, so it was easy to occur. When there are water droplets on the leaves, the spores can germinate and invade after 6 hours. Under the condition of high air humidity in rainy season, it is beneficial to the reproduction of bacteria and the prevalence of diseases. The foliar surface can be sprayed with 0.10 Mel 0.20 Baume Sulphur mixture and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 Mel 1000 times.

4.2 Integrated prevention and control

In order to eradicate germs in early spring, in early spring, pruning was carried out before the tree potential was not active after the rose came out of the cellar. Before sprouting, the rose was sprayed comprehensively and carefully (including the plant pot soil and the field around the basin). Baume 0.50ml stone sulfur mixture was sprayed.

Plant regular medication control, can be used 75% wettable chlorothalonil 500 times solution and 18% multi-fungus copper 150 times solution sprayed once every 10 days, such as rain after spraying, but also timely spraying, medication time is June-September regular medication to control the occurrence of black spot. (