Methods of potted culture of tulips and control of diseases and insect pests

How to cultivate potted tulips? Many flower lovers like to raise a pot of tulips at home, which can not only decorate the home, but also be pleasing to the eye. Tulips are suitable for open field planting, and the soil capacity in flowerpots is limited, which often can not meet the needs of tulip growth, so when potted tulips are planted, variety selection, substrate preparation, planting methods and post-planting management are very important. Let's learn the techniques of potted tulips and the cultivation and management of diseases and insect pests.

1 methods of potted culture of tulips

1.1 Variety selection

There are many varieties of tulips, and the varieties of tulips are rich, and the varieties with low plants should be selected when potted. The plant is too high and the lodging resistance is weak. Choose the tulip bulb with bright color, large and full flowers, high quality bulb, full and fat, no trauma in appearance, hard and heavy texture in the handle of the bulb, no disease and insect pests, and the bulb is 10 ~ 12 cm.

1.2 use basin

There are many kinds of tulips to choose from, including plastic, porcelain, wood, earthen pots, flower pots as large as 1 ~ 2 m, and flowerpots as small as 10 ~ 15 cm, but the best material is plain-fired mud pots and plastic pots, with drainage holes at the bottom. When some flowerpots are displayed according to special needs, plastic color pots with similar shapes can be set for beauty, depending on the demand. Choosing the depth of the flowerpot is also very important, the root growth of the tulip directly affects the flowering quality of the tulip, because the flowerpot is too shallow, which is not conducive to the root growth of the tulip bulb, and the root growth is restricted, which seriously affects the absorption of nutrients and water by the roots in the soil, the plant is weak and slender, and the flowers are small, so the best depth of the flowerpot is 15 ~ 20 cm.

1.3 Pool soil

The peat soil or humus soil with good drainage and rich organic matter was selected as the cultivation substrate. Pastoral soil, peat and river sand were prepared according to 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 1, and the suitable pH values were 6.6 ~ 7. The seed balls were soaked in carbendazim for 20 ~ 30 min, then rinsed with clean water, and the dried seed balls were planted in the flowerpot.

1.4 planting method and density

First lay a little stone at the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage, and then load the prepared soil into the flowerpot. Before planting, in order to speed up the rooting of tulips, the brown epidermis around the root plate at the bottom of the bulb was removed, and then the bulb was placed. The number of bulbs was determined according to the size of the flowerpot, and the distance between bulbs was 2 ~ 3 cm. The end of the bulb is placed in the flowerpot, the tip of the bud is upward, and the top of the bulb is covered with 5 cm of pot soil.

2 cultivation and management

It is best to finish planting tulips in early October, which basically coincides with the planting time in the open field. Then put the flowerpots planting tulips into the outdoor open field, dig ditches in the open field according to the number and size of the flowerpots, put the flowerpots side by side into the ditches, the height of the ditches is the same as the top of the flowerpots, and backfill the soil around and the space between the pots. After planting tulips should be evenly watered once on the same day, the principle is "timely watering, appropriate watering", water should not be too much, too often, otherwise the pot soil is too wet and lead to seed ball rot. This period is the rooting stage of tulips, the quality of watering directly affects the growth of tulip roots, the substrate can not be too dry, it can be kept moist for a long time, and the amount of water also depends on the specific conditions. it depends on the growth and development of different periods in different weather. In early November, the basin is covered with grass to protect against the cold. In the spring of the second year, with the rise of temperature, the surface began to thaw, remove the cold grass curtain, in order to remove the backfill soil, take out the flowerpot, the time is about the first ten days of April. Move the flowerpot to a ventilated and bright place, high temperature or noon should be shaded, according to the weather cloudy and sunny temperature appropriate amount of watering, do not drought or waterlogging, always keep the pot soil moist, and control the right amount of moisture after flowering. During the growing period of tulips, thin foliar fertilizer is applied about once a week.

3. Pest control of tulips.

3.1 Penicillium

After the injured bulb is stored for a period of time, the scales of the bulbs will fade, and the scales will be covered with green fungi. Prevention and treatment: prevent the bulb from being damaged, keep the air circulation and circulation when storing the bulb, and prohibit the planting of infected or injured bulbs.

3.2 Root rot

Some of the roots rotted, the infected roots turned waxy, and the local soil around the roots turned brown. When the root rot is serious, it will cause the flower to wilt and produce flower fragments, which will be attached to the shorter plants.

Prevention and control methods: before planting, chloropicrin was used to disinfect the soil. The bulbs are disinfected with Lobilone to ensure the air permeability of the soil and avoid stagnant water. In the first two weeks after planting, the soil temperature should be kept below 10 ℃ and not more than 12 ℃.

3.3 Brown spot of bud

Orange-brown patches and stripes appear outside the buds, on which there are water droplets, as if gnawed. The symptoms do not develop further, and the plant usually blossoms normally, but the parietal lobe is damaged. Prevention and treatment methods: disinfect the infected soil, spray mancozeb and carbendazim, and disinfect the soil at the depth of 15 cm. The bulbs are disinfected with robilone and carbendan, and can not be planted with tomatoes, chrysanthemums and cereal crops.

3.4 Gray mold

The seed bulb is completely or partially soft, and a large number of black conidia are produced in the affected area. the plants are fragile after aboveground infection, and the seriously infected plants are very short or not developed at all. Control methods: enhance the permeability of the matrix, strengthen the disinfection of the soil, treat the bulbs with fungicides before planting, and check and remove the bulbs with growth obstacles in time after planting.

3.5 Fusarium

During storage, grayish-brown spots will appear on the infected bulbs, sometimes with concentric circles and obvious yellow edges. In a humid environment, susceptible bulbs are covered with white to pink fungi, have a special smell and release ethylene. When the seed ball shrinks and the seed ball is pinched with your hand, there will be a rattling sound inside. Prevention and treatment methods: lightly infected bulbs should be properly stored to ensure normal storage temperature and humidity, and susceptible bulbs in the field should be removed as soon as possible, otherwise ethylene will be released, resulting in gelatinous bud cracking, bud necrosis and flower blast. Bulbs must be disinfected before planting. When planting, the soil temperature should be lower than 10 ℃ and never exceed 13 ℃.

3.6 soft rot

Bulb rot into mud, the formation of white mucus, first from the leaf tip to light red, and then the whole leaf changed color and withered. Prevention and cure method: the bulb root is disinfected with chloramphenicol, and the other methods are the same root rot.

These are all the key points of tulip pot technology. Friends who want to plant tulip flower farmers at home should study hard.

The principles of prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests in potted flowers are as follows: first, strengthen quarantine: when introducing flowers, pay attention not to bring back pests and pathogens, which is a major problem in flower production at present. It must be paid enough attention by business departments, flower growers and flower lovers. 2. Protect natural enemies, such as ladybugs, aphids, aphids, Dachiman, etc., as well as various spiders and toads, frogs and beneficial birds on the ground and plants. 3. Light and color trapping: 24 pairs of black lights can be used to trap and kill some phototaxis pests. 4. Heat treatment: if there are acaroid mites that harm the bulbs such as daffodils, tulips and gladiolus, the corms can be treated with hot water and soaked in 44 ℃ water for 4 hours or 45 ℃ hot water for 3 hours to kill all root mites. 5. Manual capture: this method can be used for family flowers. 6. Drug control: common underground pests are: grub (Bombyx mori); control methods: ① poured rhizosphere with 50% phoxim EC 100-1500 times, the mortality rate can reach 100%; 2000 times solution can also reach 98.3%. ② poured the rhizosphere with 1500-2000 times of 50% phosphoramine EC, and the mortality rate could reach 100% x 2500 times. 5%. Ant control method: 70% mirex powder is directly sprinkled on the rhizosphere soil surface of the ant colony, or around the ant nest or ant path, or spread as bait. In addition, the powders such as lindane, chlordane and heptachlor were sprayed on the active soil surface of the ant colony, which also had good results. Snail and slug control methods: ① sprinkled tea cake water (blisters: 1 ∶ 15) or soaked tea cake crumbs around the rhizosphere of damaged flowers; ② sprinkled 8% Mianhuiling granules on the soil around the rhizosphere, effective earthworm control methods: use chlordane, or heptachlor, carbaryl powder (1-1.5g per square meter) or sprinkle tea cake water (bubbles 1 ∶ 15). Malu (mountain beetle) control method: apply the soil surface inside and outside the basin with 25% carbaryl or 25% diazinon, adding 500 times water. Main species and control of leaf-eating pests: control methods of diamondback moth: ① uses parasitoid protector to protect natural enemies. During the emergence period of the diamondback moth (from late May to mid-June), the adults were trapped and killed by black light; before the larvae or larvae were dispersed, 50% pyrethroids were sprayed with 1000-2000 times of pyrethroids, or 1000-2000 times of pyrethroids were sprayed with 50% phoxim or 50% phoxim before the larvae were dispersed. ③ also had a limited good effect when sprayed with Br emulsion containing 10 billion / t spores. The ingredient polyacetaldehyde has good effect. The control method of coir moth (also known as pocket moth): ① protected and used the dominant natural enemy, Drosophila melanogaster, ② used black light to trap and kill male adults, and Br emulsion or Br emulsion or Br-NPV microbial mixture was used to make BBt spores contain 5-10.7NPV particles of 1 × 10.6 per ml. ③ can be efficiently sprayed with 50% phoxim 1000 times solution. The control method of poisonous moth: ① traps and kills the mature larvae with black light during the adult Eclosion period, traps the mature larvae in the main stem of woody flowers before overwintering, and then kills them; ② is sprayed with 50% fenitrothion or 50% phoxim 1000 times, or synthetic fungus esters 1000-2000 times. The main species and control of piercing and sucking mouthparts pests: the control method of peach aphid cotton aphid: ① coated heavy oil area with yellow plastic board in the field. ② protects natural enemies, including parasitic aphids, predatory aphids, ladybugs, pathogenic aphids, molds and other microorganisms. ③ drug control: a, botanical agents: 3% natural pyrethrum, 25% rotenin, 40% nicotinic acid, all of which can be released as 800-fold liquid, which is effective and safe; b, synthetic pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin, permethrin, etc., most of their effective content is 20%, can add water 2000-3000 times, has a rapid knockdown effect, but easy to produce resistance. C, 40% acephate EC (methamidophos) 1000 times solution, 40% omethoate, good internal conductivity, 2000 times liquid spray, 50-100 times solution coating stem. The control method of red wax scale: ① sprays 40% omethoate or 50% fenitrothion, 50% monocrotophos 1000 times, or 20% fenvalerate 1500-2000 times, spraying every 10 days or so in sunny days from the first ten days of June, the ideal effect can be obtained. ② protects natural enemies, Coccinella Redollis and Coccinella mongolica (the medicine of pink scale, the prevention and control method also refers to the implementation). Main species of drill string pests and their control: control methods of longicorn beetles: ① adults often climb from the crown to the trunk at noon on a sunny day to mate and lay eggs, which is easy to catch. ② is usually in the cortex and twigs because its decay path is not deep. When it is found that there are decay chips, it can be picked to death with a knife. ③ releases swollen Eye Peak, the dominant natural enemy. The base of ④ trunk was painted white (ratio: lime, sulfur, iodine, 10 ∶ 1 salt, water). The control method of bark moth: ① traps and kills adults with black light. ② cut off and collected branches that were broken by the wind and burned in time. ③ was infused with fenitrothion and omethoate. The main types of venereal diseases in plants are: 1. Stunting disease: also known as blight, which mainly harms the seedlings of all kinds of plants. Control methods: ① seed disinfection with 0.3% thiram seed. At the initial stage of the disease, ② tried to spray 50% carbendan 500x solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 800x solution, spray 1-2 times, or 60% carbendazim 500x solution twice a week, each time every 3-4 days, in order to restrain its spread. 2. White silk disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): control method: ① was mixed with 70% pentachloronitrobenzene. ② change soil. ③ rotation for more than 4 years. 50 kg of ④ culture soil was mixed with 0.7 kg Hatz for pot cultivation. ⑤ should be properly ventilated to avoid over-dense cultivation. 3. The control method of powdery mildew: the resistant varieties were used by applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in ①. At the initial stage of the onset of ②, 25% trimethoprim wettable powder was sprayed with 2000 times, or 20% trimethoprim emulsion 4000 times, or 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times, and dimethoprim 1000 times. 4. Downy mildew: at the beginning of the disease, spraying 50% Dysen zinc 600 times solution, 20% metalaxyl 400 times solution and 50% bengjing 4000 times solution are effective. 5. Rust control methods: the selection of ① female parent plants; ② spraying 40% trimethoprim 4000 times, or 20% trimethoprim EC 2000 times, or 20% trimethoprim EC 2000 times, or 20% triazine EC 1000 times. 6. Methods for prevention and control of Botrytis cinerea: from March to April, use 80% Dysen Zinc 500x solution, 1% Bordeaux solution, 50% Chloronitramine 1000 times solution, or 75% Chlorothalonil 500% solution, spray once every 10 days, spray 2-3 times. 7, anthrax prevention and control methods: ① to strengthen environmental hygiene and maintenance management; ② can cut off diseased branches and burn diseases and insects, and then spray 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100 Bordeaux solution to protect and prevent spread, or spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, or 50% hand Bujin wettable powder 3-4 times, once every 10-14 days. 8, leaf class disease control methods: ① select disease-resistant varieties; ② can use 75% chlorothalonil, 50% Tosen zinc, 50% dicartan, choose a concentration of 500x solution, spray once in 10 days or so. 9, Fusarium wilt control methods: ① rotation; ② sunny day excavation to select loose sandy soil; before ③ planting, the corms were soaked in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for half an hour, and then planted with 50% thiram powder. Pot Culture method of Tulip

Tulips originated in the western regions of ancient China and the area of Xizang. As early as 1300 years ago, the "Lanling wine tulips, jade bowls containing amber light" left by Li Bai, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, is a clear proof. Later, it spread to Central Asia via the Silk Road, and then flowed into Europe and other parts of the world through Central Asia. At present, it is planted all over the world, and it is the national flower of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan and other countries. It is known as the flower of the world, and it has become a symbol of fashion and internationalization. Today, I would like to briefly introduce the method of potted culture of tulips.

Soil requirements:

The basin soil should be mixed with 6 parts of rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of sandy soil and 1 part of rotten barnyard manure. Flowerpots with a diameter of 20 cm can plant 3 plants in each pot. After sprouting and unearthed, thin liquid fertilizer can be applied every 10 days or so, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied once from budding to flowering. Always keep the basin soil in a moist state and keep it in the sun.

Temperature conditions:

Tulip prefers the warm climate in winter and cool climate in summer, and the suitable temperature for growth is 9 Mel 13 ℃. Strong cold resistance, can withstand the low temperature of-35 ℃ in winter. But avoid high temperature, under cool and cold conditions, tulips are not only colorful, but also have a long flowering period, if the temperature is too high, the flowers are easy to decay, which will seriously affect the ornamental. Lighting conditions:

Tulips like strong light, and light is an important limiting factor for its flowering. In the process of cultivation, the plant should be guaranteed to receive no less than 8 hours of direct sunlight every day. This helps tulips accumulate more photosynthates, which can not only ensure the good growth of plants, but also ensure the normal opening of flowers.

Fertilization method:

In the flowering period control of tulips, it is usually possible to apply dilute liquid fertilizer rich in phosphorus and potassium once when the tulips grow 3 leaves and after the scape is produced, which can basically ensure the normal flowering of the tulips. If the growth is weak, some nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to promote the growth of tulips.

Watering method:

Water should be watered thoroughly after planting, so that the soil and seed bulbs can be fully and closely combined to facilitate rooting, and water should be properly controlled after budding, when the leaves are gradually elongated, water can be sprayed on the leaves to increase air humidity, and sufficient water should be ensured at bolting and budding stages. in order to promote the full development of flowers, proper water control is needed after flowering.

Pest control:

The main diseases of tulips are stem rot, soft rot, broken color disease, quenching disease, blind bud and so on. The diseased plants were dug up and destroyed in time, and 1 Mel fungicide was poured twice. At the same time, maintain good ventilation to avoid high temperature and humidity. When aphids occur, they can be sprayed 800 times with 3% natural pyrethroid.

The above is the editor to introduce to you the method of potted tulip culture. I hope it will be helpful to you.