Efficient cultivation techniques and Daily maintenance Management of Ginkgo biloba

How to cultivate Ginkgo biloba? Ginkgo biloba is a big deciduous tree with slow growth and long life. Ginkgo biloba is a good tree species with ornamental, medicinal, economic and other values. The following is mainly to learn the cultivation techniques and post-planting management of Ginkgo biloba.

1 cultivation techniques of Ginkgo biloba

1.1 Garden site selection

The gentle slope land with 170 m above sea level, good light conditions, deep and fertile soil layer and good irrigation conditions should be selected for planting. When the soil pH value is 6.5-7.5 and the slope is less than 15 °, the flat land with convenient transportation and close to the water source is the best.

1.2 selection of superior varieties

The selection of excellent varieties is the basis of cultivating strong seedlings, and the plants with strong resistance, no disease and insect harm and strong plants should be selected. Seed collection is carried out when the seeds are fully mature from the end of September to the beginning of October, then the seed coat is removed, washed and dried, and the full seeds are screened out and stored in sand for the first time. The best moisture content of sand is that it is loosened and loosened by hand. In addition, attention should be paid to drainage and rodent prevention during storage.

1.3 timely sowing

After seed collection, the outer skin is removed and dried and stored, and sown in winter of that year or in spring of the following year (if sowing in spring, budding treatment should be carried out). The nursery should select the plots with convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient water and high terrain, and apply sufficient base fertilizer, and the amount of seed used is about 25 kg/667 m ~ 2. Before opening the ditch and sowing, first pour enough bottom water, and then put the ginkgo seeds on the side in the ditch. If the seeds have germinated, the bud tip is down, covered with about 3 cm of fine soil and compacted. The growth rate of Ginkgo biloba is very slow, and it takes two or three years to get out of the nursery. When it comes out, the height of ginkgo seedlings is 60-70 cm.

1.4 colonization mode

It was planted about 15-20 days before germination in spring and in mid-October in autumn. The best planting depth is to keep the original soil marks of the seedlings, which can be shallow, but never too deep.

2 Management of ginkgo biloba after planting

2.1 Water and fertilizer management

The seedlings of ginkgo biloba were watered 5-7 days after cultivation, the watering frequency of ginkgo seedlings could be reduced after survival, and the first watering of ginkgo seedlings was carried out before germination after soil thawing. The second watering is carried out in May when the weather is dry, which is very beneficial to the growth and development of ginkgo buds. Because ginkgo biloba has the characteristics of fear of waterlogging and drought tolerance, it is necessary to reduce the amount of water according to the weather conditions in the rainy season, and pay attention to the drainage work, so as not to cause the root system of ginkgo biloba to lack oxygen and cause ginkgo root rot because of too much water. The best fertilization time is in spring and autumn. Ring fertilization can be carried out outside the crown projection, or hole-drilling method can be used to apply organic fertilizer and water around the ginkgo tree.

2.2 shaping and pruning

Ginkgo biloba belongs to the natural short branch fruit tree, the short branch is easy to cultivate and renew, and the biennial short branch on the long branch can blossom and bear fruit. Therefore, the natural happy shape is the main high-yield tree type of Ginkgo biloba. There is no trunk in the center, three or four main branches are cultured from the grafted part, 2 or 4 lateral branches are cultured on each main branch, and the growing branches are extracted from the lateral branches. the growing branches produce short branches and the crown is hemispherical or naturally happy. For the shaping and pruning of young trees, the length of the first branch was 40 cm, the length of the second branch was 30 cm, and finally the third branch was formed. The later pruning is to cut off the top shoots of the new branches growing toward the crown, remove the sprouting and sprouting, cut off the thin and weak branches, erect branches, long branches, disease and insect branches and over-dense branches, etc., and use the rope to pull away the over-dense strong branches to ensure moderate density, ventilation and light transmission, and gradually cultivate into the trunk sparse layer shape or evacuation happy shape. The shaping and pruning of hanging fruit trees is consistent with that of young trees after the formation of the third branch.

2.3 artificial pollination

Results artificial pollination was carried out in the orchard. When the flowering rate of female flowers exceeded 40% in late April, the pollen of male flowers was collected and sprayed with a mixture of pollen, boric acid and water at the ratio of 1 ∶ 0.25 ∶ (250 to 500).

2.4 artificial fruit thinning

Reasonable fruit thinning should be carried out in order to effectively overcome the phenomenon of fruit in large and small years and to ensure that the tree is strong. According to the growth of the tree, the short branches with more than 6 leaves have 3 fruits, those with four or five leaves have 2 fruits, and those with three or four leaves have one fruit. When thinning the fruit, leave the big fruit and get rid of the small fruit.

(3) Disease and pest control

3.1 Ginkgo biloba leaf blight

Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer to make ginkgo trees grow more healthily and improve their disease resistance. For example, pouring zinc fertilizer or the mixture of trace elements such as zinc, manganese and boron (1 ∶ 500) near the root of Ginkgo biloba can effectively prevent the disease. In the early stage of the disease, young trees or seedlings were sprayed with 70% mancozeb 800 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times or 25% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times 800 times. According to the severity of the disease, it was sprayed once every 15 to 20 days for two or three times.

3.2 early chlorosis of Ginkgo biloba

Zinc deficiency, stagnant water, underground pests or lack of soil moisture can easily lead to ginkgo leaf blight and defoliation in the early stage. The disease usually occurs in the middle of June and yellowing increases in the first ten days of July. To find the cause of prevention and treatment, and pay attention to stagnant water drainage, drought irrigation; if zinc deficiency, should be applied zinc fertilizer, multi-effect zinc or zinc sulfate and so on.

3.3 Ginkgo biloba super-small leaf roll moth

The damage was mainly caused to ginkgo trees from the middle of April to the middle of June, and the larva damage was the most serious. The newly Eclosion larvae drill into the tender shoots after a day or two, or lead to the death of the injured branches and the shedding of young fruits. Spraying can be carried out just before the larvae hatch or when the larvae crawl out of the twigs, such as dichlorvos (80%), trichlorfon (90%) and water in the ratio of 1 ∶ 1 ∶ (800 to 1000). It can also be sprayed with 1 500 × 2000 dichlorvos solution.

4 timely harvest

In order to improve the seed quality of Ginkgo biloba, it was harvested when the fruit was fully ripe in the first ten days of October. After the fruits were collected, the seeds were collected after stacking, rubbing, drying and so on.

The above are all the key points of ginkgo tree cultivation techniques. Friends of seedling farmers can refer to and learn more, or recommend them to more needy farmers around you!

Cultivation and maintenance techniques of bonsai of Ginkgo biloba

Preparation of basin soil

Because of the limited container, the root growth of potted ginkgo biloba is inhibited, and there must be sufficient fertility in the limited pot soil in order to maintain the growth and fruiting of ginkgo biloba. Select loose and fertile pastoral soil, sift, add 1/3 fully mature organic manure (such as compost, stable manure, green manure, etc.), add 1/5 crushed plant straw, soak the above raw materials with 5% human feces and urine or 1% urea aqueous solution, hold the humidity into a ball, let go, pile it in a sunny place, cover it with plastic film, and ferment at high temperature for 15 to 25 days.

Container selection

Choose different containers according to where they are placed. For viewing on the desk or windowsill, choose ceramic or pottery flowerpots with a diameter of about 30 cm and a height of 30 cm, with a drain at the bottom, and watch them on the courtyard or balcony. Containers such as buckets, small boxes, vats, flowerpots and so on can be used. Change the basin every 1 to 2 years, and fill in some new humus soil at the same time.

Fine planting

After the soil is thawed in spring, before the seedlings germinate, choose 2-year-old strong seedlings with well-developed lateral roots, free from diseases and insect pests and basal stems of 1 cm to 2 cm, trim the roots and flatten the wound to facilitate wound healing. Soak the seedlings and new pots with water for one day and night before planting, first buckle the drainage hole of the flowerpot with a small piece of tile. So that it can drain without leaking soil. And then load 1/2 pots of dirt? The middle part is high and low around, stretch the seedling root system, erect the root stem, fill the soil, gently lift the seedling by hand and shake the basin to make the soil firm, and then fill the soil firmly. The basin soil should be 3 cm to 5 cm lower than the rim of the basin in order to fill with water. Attention should be paid to prevent half-cut water, wet and dry, affecting survival and growth, pouring water and placing it in a cool place to slow seedlings.

Grafting seedlings: select the excellent varieties with early fruit and high yield for grafting, which can bear fruit after three years of survival. The better varieties are Tancheng No. 3, Big Buddha finger, Dongting Huang and so on. Split grafting or wood bud grafting was used before sprouting in spring or with woody buds from July to August, which germinated in the same year in spring and in the second year after survival in autumn.

Trim shap

According to personal appreciation level and aesthetic point of view, cultivate into a suitable tree. Such as bow, two-layer flat, cross, spindle, etc., the bow can be formed into a bow by wire with a diameter of 2 cm to 4 cm, which is fixed on the basin in the spring of the following year, and the new branches are tied up along the tree, and the plastic surgery is completed for 3 to 4 years. The latter three kinds of trees can fix the branches in the expected position and carry out shaping and pruning year by year. In the third year, a strong branch is selected from the upper part of the crown to the sunny side, and the male branch is grafted for pollination.

Fertilizer and water management

Bonsai cultivation is affected by container size and soil fertility. the water in the basin evaporates quickly, so it should be observed and watered in time. Watering depends on the basin soil and leaves to determine the watering times, generally every 1 to 2 days. In the hot dry season, root irrigation is carried out before 8 am and after 5 pm every day, and the leaf surface is also sprayed to wash away the foliar dust, which is conducive to photosynthesis, increase local humidity and meet the physiological needs of Ginkgo biloba. After falling leaves in autumn, take out the surface soil in the basin, change it into loose and fertile nutrient soil, and irrigate it. When sprouting in early spring, nitrogen fertilizer was applied to accelerate sprouting, 0.1% borax solution was sprayed in the peak flowering period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied in the fruit expansion period after anthesis. Potted ginkgo biloba should be fertilized less frequently, which can not only prevent root burning but also be fully absorbed.

Pest control

The main pests of Ginkgo biloba are diamondback moth and ultra-small leaf roll moth, and the main diseases are root rot and leaf blight. Root disease is generally caused by stagnant water in the root, leaf blight is mainly caused by lack of fertilizer and weak tree potential, and it is also related to high temperature. According to different diseases and insect pests, correct control measures should be taken. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and enhance the tree potential? Improving the resistance of trees is also an effective way to control diseases and insect pests.

Potted soil preparation of Ginkgo biloba bonsai cultivation techniques: the root growth of potted ginkgo biloba is inhibited because of the limited container, so there must be sufficient fertility in the limited potted soil in order to maintain the growth and fruiting needs of ginkgo biloba. Select loose and fertile pastoral soil, sift, add 1/3 fully mature organic manure (such as compost, stable manure, green manure, etc.), add 1/5 crushed plant straw, soak the above raw materials with 5% human feces and urine or 1% urea aqueous solution, hold the humidity into a ball, let go, pile it in a sunny place, cover it with plastic film, and ferment at high temperature for 15 to 25 days.

Container selection: choose different containers according to the location where they are placed. For viewing on the desk or windowsill, choose ceramic or pottery flowerpots with a diameter of about 30 cm and a height of 30 cm, with a drain at the bottom, and watch them on the courtyard or balcony. Containers such as buckets, small boxes, vats, flowerpots and so on can be used. Change the basin every 1 to 2 years, and fill in some new humus soil at the same time.

Fine planting: after the soil is thawed in spring, before the seedlings germinate, choose 2-year-old strong seedlings with well-developed lateral roots, no diseases and insect pests and 1 cm to 2 cm basal stems, trim the roots and flatten the wound to facilitate wound healing. Soak the seedlings and new pots with water for one day and night before planting, first buckle the drainage hole of the flowerpot with a small piece of tile. So that it can drain without leaking soil. And then load 1/2 pots of dirt? The middle part is high and low around, stretch the seedling root system, erect the root stem, fill the soil, gently lift the seedling by hand and shake the basin to make the soil firm, and then fill the soil firmly. The basin soil should be 3 cm to 5 cm lower than the rim of the basin in order to fill with water. Attention should be paid to prevent half-cut water, wet and dry, affecting survival and growth, pouring water and placing it in a cool place to slow seedlings.

Grafting seedlings: select the excellent varieties with early fruit and high yield for grafting, which can bear fruit after three years of survival. The better varieties are Tancheng No. 3, Big Buddha finger, Dongting Huang and so on. Split grafting or wood bud grafting was used before sprouting in spring or with woody buds from July to August, which germinated in the same year in spring and in the second year after survival in autumn.

Trimming modeling: according to personal appreciation level and aesthetic point of view, cultivate into a suitable tree shape. Such as bow, two-layer flat, cross, spindle, etc., the bow can be formed into a bow by wire with a diameter of 2 cm to 4 cm, which is fixed on the basin in the spring of the following year, and the new branches are tied up along the tree, and the plastic surgery is completed for 3 to 4 years. The latter three kinds of trees can fix the branches in the expected position and carry out shaping and pruning year by year. In the third year, a strong branch is selected from the upper part of the crown to the sunny side, and the male branch is grafted for pollination.

Fertilizer and water management: bonsai cultivation is affected by container size and soil fertility. the water in the basin evaporates quickly, so it should be observed and watered in time. Watering depends on the basin soil and leaves to determine the watering times, usually every 1 to 2 days. In the hot dry season, root irrigation is carried out before 8 am and after 5 pm every day, and the leaf surface is also sprayed to wash away the foliar dust, which is conducive to photosynthesis, increase local humidity and meet the physiological needs of Ginkgo biloba. After falling leaves in autumn, take out the surface soil in the basin, change it into loose and fertile nutrient soil, and irrigate it. When sprouting in early spring, nitrogen fertilizer was applied to accelerate sprouting, 0.1% borax solution was sprayed in the peak flowering period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied in the fruit expansion period after anthesis. Potted ginkgo biloba should be fertilized less frequently, which can not only prevent root burning but also be fully absorbed.

Pest control: the main pests of Ginkgo biloba are diamondback moth and ultra-small leaf roll moth, and the diseases are mainly root rot and leaf blight. Root disease is generally caused by stagnant water in the root, leaf blight is mainly caused by lack of fertilizer and weak tree potential, and it is also related to high temperature. According to different diseases and insect pests, correct control measures should be taken. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and enhance the tree potential? Improving the resistance of trees is also an effective way to control diseases and insect pests.

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