Grafting Propagation techniques and key points of domestication and cultivation of Golden marbles in Guanguo Bonsai

Golden marbles, also known as thorn persimmon, black persimmon, bottle orchid, belong to persimmon family persimmon evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub plants, 10m high, breast height diameter up to 30~80cm, flowering in April-May, fruit in August-October, today the editor will talk specifically about the grafting and breeding techniques of bonsai golden marbles and the key points of domestication.

1 biological characteristics

1.1 growth characteristics of branches and leaves

The sprouting period of golden billiard bud in March, the leaf spreading period in the middle of April, the leaf growth period in the middle and late April, the leaf discoloration period in the middle of April, and the new shoot growth period in the middle of April.

1.2 requirements for environmental conditions

Golden marbles like temperature and sunny environment, have a certain degree of cold tolerance but not drought tolerance, wide adaptability to soil, acidic, alkaline, neutral soil can grow.

2 grafting seedling raising technique

2.1 grafting period

Due to different varieties and regions, the grafting time is different, and it is generally appropriate to sprout in early spring.

2.2 grafting method

Grafting methods: relying on grafting, branch grafting, bud grafting, generally dominated by branch grafting.

2.3 grafting techniques and steps

2.3.1 selection of rootstocks: 1-and 2-year-old branches with erect, full and thick 0.5~2.5cm were selected as rootstocks.

2.3.2 selection of scion: select the branches with strong growth, no diseases and insect pests, full bud, upright and thick in the middle and upper part of 0.3~1.2cm.

2.3.3 cutting anvil: cut flat from the base 3~10cm and cut off the smooth surface vertically with a sharp knife to separate the cortex from the xylem. The cutting surface is 1.5~3.0cm, slightly longer than the scion surface, and 1 / 3 of the cortex is removed.

2.3.4 cutting scion: cut 45 °~ 50 °to the xylem at 45 °~ 50 °below the full bud in the middle or upper part of the upright branch, and then cut it from the 0.5~0.8cm above the bud.

2.3.5 cuttings: the cut scion will be inserted into the incision of the rootstock to align the cambium. If the cutting plane of the rootstock is wide, as long as it is aligned with one side of the cambium, there should be no gap between the rootstock and the scion, and the remaining cortex should be wrapped on the outside of the lower end of the scion.

2.3.6 bandaging: when bandaging, we must pay attention to the direction of film wrapping. If the scion is aligned on the left side of the incision, the film should be wound clockwise; if the scion is aligned on the right side of the incision, it should be wound in a counterclockwise direction. After bandaging, a transparent pouch is beneficial to moisturizing and preventing Rain Water.

2.4 Post-management

Wipe off the sprouting on the rootstock in time; remove the bag when the bud sprouts out; remove the core when the new shoot grows to 10~20cm; 10~20cm continues to pick the heart or cut it short after branching, generally need to pick the heart 3-4 times, which is beneficial to the golden marble plant blossom and bear fruit in the second year; release the film when the new shoot grows in 4-5 months.

3. Ancient tree stump cultivation of wild golden marbles.

3.1 prepare to plant soil

Planting soil configuration: mountain peat soil or garden soil, rotten sawdust and fine river sand were mixed in the proportion of 3 ∶ (0.8-1.2) ∶ (1.8-2.2), and appropriate fungicides could be added to the planting soil.

3.2 cultivation time

Cultivation time: from November to April of the following year, it should be noted that the mining time can not be too long, to maintain the freshness of the stump.

3.3 cultivation methods

3.3.1 pruning: the old tree stump should retain the stem according to the target shape, and the section should be reduced as much as possible during pruning. At the same time, the cut should be smeared with preservative or bandaged. Root trimming should remove the split, the wound surface is too large, too long root, it is best to retain the fibrous root, trim the cut to be smooth, after cutting apply rooting agent.

3.3.2 Tree treatment: the whole plant was sprayed with 0.128%-0.167% carbendazim twice, and after the water evaporated, the trunk and branches were wound and moisturized with a thin film. The roots were mixed with yellow clay ∶ water ∶ rooting powder according to the mass ratio of 5 ∶ (0.8 ~ 2.2) ∶ (0.03 ~ 0.1) to make the yellow mud adhere closely, and the inner chamber of the root was filled with yellow mud to prevent the internal emptiness of the root and the non-close connection of the root soil, thus affecting the survival rate.

3.3.3 planting: when planting, select the area with good drainage for stacking, the stump filling should be tight, the soil can be tightly inserted with a stick when filling, 2 / 3 of the soil can be filled with water and then watered, and finally covered with a layer of 0.6~0.7cm dry soil to moisturize.

3.4 Post-cultivation management

After planting, the soil moisture should be observed at any time to keep the soil moist. In case of continuous high temperature, it is necessary to spray water on the tree stem in the morning and evening to cool down and increase the air humidity. When the length of the new branch is about 3-4 times, the 18~22cm will be shaded when the temperature rises in late May.

Grafting technique of golden marbles

Grafting technique of golden marbles

Golden marble, scientific name Diospyros armata, alias bottle orchid, thorn persimmon, bottle orchid, persimmon family persimmon semi-evergreen or evergreen shrub. The golden marble stem is strong and straight, natural Qiu qu, color such as iron, suitable for making stump bonsai. The golden marble blossoms in April, the flower is shaped like a bottle, fragrant and orchid, so it is also called "bottle orchid"; after flowering in May, the green fruit becomes orange or orange, shaped like a bullet, so it is called "golden marble". The fruit lasts for a long time until the next spring; the leaves are dark green and leathery: they are ornamental flowers with beautiful fruits, flowers and leaves. The stump bonsai of golden marbles is of high economic value.

1. Differences in origin and varieties of golden marbles are distributed and cultivated in East, South and Central China. Now the golden marbles in Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei are mainly listed and exhibited, but the golden marbles in the two lakes are different. The golden marbles in Sichuan have many small fruits. As long as they reach the cultivation age, very small pile heads (small, miniature bonsai) can also hang fruit in the basin. The golden marbles of the two lakes are divided into three kinds: big leaf, middle leaf and leaflet, and the big leaf fruit is small, the middle leaf fruit is big, and the leaflet fruit is small. Some small pile heads have been cultivated for many years and rarely blossom and bear fruit. The most important feature of the golden marbles in the two lakes is that the leaves do not fall in winter. During the annual period from New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, hanging fruit marbles change from green to red in the green leaves, with red and green, dried iron and Qiu branches, full of vitality.

Second, how to identify the dioecious plants of golden marbles because of dioecious plants, there are two kinds of potted golden marbles: hanging fruit and not hanging fruit. After years of observation and research, the author can not accurately determine the male and female of the tree stump from the analysis of tree shape, trunk skin color, leaf shape, leaf color and leaf vein. Only by observing the flowers of golden marbles can we accurately distinguish between male and female. The male plant blossoms with more than two flowers under each leaf bud, the flower is like a small lantern, the pedicel is claw-free, and the flower opens with male stamens and pollen. The female plant has only one or two flowers under each leaf bud, which is larger than the male flower. The four-leaf flower claw wraps the flower heart as a triangle. After blooming, the flower claw opens like a persimmon flower, and young fruit can be seen inside the flower.

3. Reproduction, cultivation and management of golden marbles 1. Sowing and reproduction: after the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the ripe fruits are picked, and the seeds are washed and dried. In early April, after soaking in hot water for 48 hours or so, they are picked up and covered with double gauze in a container that can leak water. Like bean sprouts, the seeds are watered once a day until the seeds open and germinate, and then sow them on the prepared seedbed. After routine management, seeding seedlings can be used to make small bonsai after three years.

2. Cutting with female branches, no matter the new branches or the old ones, can be cut alive. The key to insertion is to pay attention to the season, that is, the middle of April every year. Secondly, it is necessary to ensure the moist environment of the inserting bed and the freshness of the cuttings. If there are conditions, you can put the inserting bed in an all-sunshine place, spray it during the day and stop at night. If there are no conditions, the cutter can be placed in a bright, ventilated, half-yin and half-yang place, and spraying with a sprayer four times a day can ensure the survival rate of golden marble cuttings. Use cuttings to make small bonsai and hang fruit after three years.

3. Dig up old piles in the mountains: from November to April of the following year. Under the premise of protecting the natural ecological environment, professionals can dig up the mountain in a planned way. The old pile down the mountain is soaked in clean water for two hours, and then the pile head is deeply buried with sand to pour through the fixed root water. after that, as long as the environment is moist, the branches can grow to one meter, and the next March can be dug up, trimmed, and shaped, and it will become a pot of tree stump bonsai in three to four years.

4. Routine maintenance and management. The shape of the golden marbles can be shaped with wire to shape the trunk and main branches. The future management will be dominated by pruning and hanging as a supplement. The upper basin can be prepared with the ratio of river sand, rotten leaf soil and loess at 4:4:2, pour water once after planting, and keep it in a cool place for half a month, then it can be managed normally. After the new buds are issued, the rotten fertilizer liquid is poured once a month, and the ratio of fertilizer liquid to water is 1MUMAL 10, so as to fertilize more in spring and autumn, less in summer, and no in winter. Watering should make the basin soil wet and water thoroughly every night in summer. In spring, autumn and winter, if the basin soil is not dry or irrigated, it must be watered thoroughly.

5. Hanging fruit culture: because golden marbles are dioecious, it is necessary to try to make male plants blossom next to female plants during flowering, so as to naturally pollinate and improve the rate of hanging fruit. If no male plant blossoms next to the female plant, artificial pollination can be carried out. When the female plant has fallen, the fruit has been hung on the pedicel, and the fruit can be sprayed twice every half a month to increase the fruit setting rate. In the ninth month of the lunar calendar, urea water can be sprayed twice to make the fruit big and shiny. The golden marbles cultivated and managed in this way, from October of the first year to February of the following year, have luxuriant branches and branches of red fruit, which can give people a sense of harvest, joy, peace and beauty.

6. Grafting technology of golden marbles: because the sap of golden marbles oxidizes and blackens quickly, so the season should be selected. April is better (it may be different in different places, and it is best to see that the buds are sprouting but no leaves are growing). Choose a cloudy day that has just finished raining (the sap is sufficient, and the buds will not dry up too quickly), and the sticky wood at least has a thick little finger (if it is thick, the joint is good, and the teeth grow fast), and the buds should be as big as chopsticks and straight. If you are 1 to 2 years old, the distance between the buds is about 4 cm. Don't let the old and tender ones live. Take a bud and leave 0.5 to 1 cm above and 3 minutes below. Use a knife (sharp) down the sticky wood layer to separate the skin, the distance is the same as the bud, leaving 1 cm of skin. Cut off the skin on the opposite side of the bud. The following is cut into a small and 45-degree angle with the broken surface. Insert the bud into the sticky wood, do not have a seam on the bonding surface, wrap the remaining leather at the bottom of the bud, wrap it tightly with a plastic strip (be careful not to hurt the bud), and seal the bud above to prevent moisture from evaporating. After that, put on a transparent pouch to prevent Rain Water. Attention is as follows: 1, use the knife once in place, if you want to repair the knife must be flat, there can be no slag. 2. The knife should be sharp and sterilized, do not touch the incision with your hands, and your hands should be sweaty. 3, after picking up, the sun should be covered not to die in the sun, you can't see the water, you will die when you see the water, so you have to cover the bag.

How to hang many fruits with bonsai golden marbles

He bought a marble bonsai in the flower market in the spring of 1990 and temporarily put it in a friend's house in early 1993. Since 1992, this bonsai has blossomed every year without hanging fruit. He bought another golden marble in the autumn of 1993 and blossomed more but less fruited in 1995 and 1996. At the end of 1996, he moved to live on the first floor with a backyard. Two pots of golden marbles were placed in the yard at the same time. In 1997, there were significantly more flowers and fruits than in previous years. In 1998, two pots of golden marbles were deliberately placed away from 20cm. When blooming, it was noted that there were more than 140flowers hanging fruit bonsai and about 100flowers without fruit bonsai. There are more than 100 green fruits in summer and more than 80 in autumn. Through the actual comparison and observation of the two pots of golden marbles bonsai, it is concluded that: 1, when the golden marbles are put together, the pollination is good, and there are many fruits; 2, the leaf shape of the female and male plants of the golden marbles are different, and their flower shapes are quite different.