Cultivation methods of potted starry flowers and key points of disease and insect pest control

Recently, there are some flower friends in Huinong net backstage consultation: how to raise star flowers? Today we will briefly introduce how to cultivate and manage the beautiful potted starry flowers. Friends who are interested can also come and have a look.

1 feature characteristic

1.1 morphological characteristics

Artemisia angustifolia is an erect subshrub with 25~30cm plant height, thick green leaves and narrow leaf base with short stalks. Cymes, growing at the top of branches, each consisting of about 20 florets.

1.2 growth habits

Star flowers like warm, moist and well-lit environment, heat-resistant and drought-resistant. Avoid the scorching sun, slightly withstand the semi-overcast.

2 reproduction

Star flowers are mainly sown and propagated, and cutting propagation can also be used.

2.1 sowing

2.1.1 substrate sowing

The matrix can be made of peat soil or sowing special substrate; 50% carbendazim wettable powder is mixed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to 0.10% of the substrate weight to be sterilized. In the process of mixing carbendazim, water should be mixed while watering, so that the water content of the matrix should be pinched and not dripping; it can be used after drying for 24 hours.

2.1.2 Seedling container

The seedlings were raised by acupoint plate and 105 acupoint plate was used. The seeding box is used to raise seedlings, the best specification is 80cm × 50cm × 10cm, the box is too large, it is not convenient to carry, and if it is too small, the utilization rate is low.

2.1.3 sowing time

According to the time spent and pot specifications to determine the sowing time, 10cm potted plants need to be cultured for 18 weeks and 20 weeks before they can be put on the market for 15cm potted plants, and need to be cultivated for 20 weeks and 22 weeks.

2.1.4 sowing method

The seedlings were raised by ①. Fill the sterilized matrix into the seedling pot, then scrape it flat, press a shallow pit in the center of each hole, sow 2 seeds per hole because of the low emergence rate (about 60%), pay attention to the good light of the seeds and not cover the soil, and finally pour water through the sprayer to ensure that the seeds are in full contact with the substrate.

Seedlings were raised in ② seeding box. The sowing density is 2 000 to 4 000 seeds / m2, and the seeds can be evenly divided into several parts according to the area of the sowing box, 1 part per box. When sowing, the bottom of the sowing box is filled with perlite with 4cm thickness and poured with water to retain water and air. Then fill and sterilize the substrate close to the top of the sowing box, scrape the substrate and suppress it moderately, and then evenly mix the seeds with 3-10 portions of fine sand and spread them evenly on the surface of the substrate. do not cover the soil, pay attention to the four sides of the sowing box do not sow, because the substrate in the box will shrink in the process of raising seedlings, cracks appear around, which is not conducive to seed germination and seedling growth; finally, the seeds are watered thoroughly with a sprayer to ensure that the seeds are in full contact with the substrate. Because the seed is small and sprouting, it is not covered after sowing. Therefore, high seedling bed and air humidity should be maintained to ensure smooth germination. The optimum temperature for germination is 23-25 ℃. It germinated about 2-3 weeks after sowing, and the light substrate could be slightly covered with fine sieve after germination. The sowing medium requires that the pH is 6.50, 6.80, and EC is 0.75.The sowing medium requires that the sowing medium is 6.50, 6.80, and EC is 0.75.

③ post-broadcast management. Place the seeded hole tray or sowing box in an environment of about 28 ℃ during the day and 20 ℃ at night, spray water every day to keep the substrate fully moist, and the air relative humidity is more than 80%. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied once a week with a concentration of 50 × 10-6 (equivalent to 0.10% urea aqueous solution), 45% compound fertilizer was applied twice, and the concentration was 0.05%-0.08%. The matrix EC should be controlled at 1: 1.50 at seedling stage. Suitable for light, 1 000lux in germination stage, 10 000 ~ 30 000lux after germination, 50 000lux after germination.

④ seedling management. Star flowers begin to emerge about 15 days after sowing. When 80% of the seeds are germinated and unearthed, the ambient temperature should be lowered or transferred to a lower temperature greenhouse for cultivation, keeping the highest temperature in the day at 26 ℃ and the lowest temperature at night at 15 ℃, gradually strengthening the light and ventilation, and keeping the substrate moist, but to prevent excessive wetness and prevent the seedlings from overgrowing; the sun shading net should be covered when the temperature is above 26 ℃ and the sun is bright on a sunny day. After 2 pairs of true leaves are grown, 0.10% Huaduoduo 20 / 10 / 10 / 20 can be sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and protective fungicides should be applied once after the first fertilization to prevent sudden collapse. When the true leaves grow, the seedlings begin to grow rapidly, keep the substrate humidity at 50%-70%, and let the substrate dry slightly before watering. Try to water it in the morning and dry in the evening. After the above-mentioned fine management, strong seedlings with luxuriant roots, sturdy roots and no diseases and insect pests can be cultivated.

2.2 Cuttage can be cut by burrowing dish or sowing box.

2.2.1 Matrix

As long as the matrix can be kept breathable, peat and perlite can be mixed well at 3:1, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added according to 0.10% of the weight of the matrix for sterilization. In the process of mixing carbendazim, mix and water at the same time, so that the water content of the matrix is appropriate to pinch without dripping, and it can be used after 24 hours; then put into the hole plate, gently compaction and flatten, scrape off the excess matrix; or add the substrate close to the top of the sowing box, scrape the matrix flat and suppress moderately.

2.2.2 preparation of inserts

The cuttings with the highest content of endogenous auxin and the strongest ability of cell division were obtained by selecting the strong mother plant and cutting the tender branches of the same year on the mother plant. Cut the twigs into small segments around 7cm, remove the lower leaves and cut off the upper leaves, then soak them in clean water to keep them moist and ready for use.

2.2.3 insert matrix

Insert the cuttings into the hole tray or sowing box, 1 branch for each hole, and the branches inserted into the sowing box should not cover each other with leaves and do not affect photosynthesis. The cutting depth should be 2cm, not too deep, so as not to affect rooting, and gently compact the surface of the substrate with hands after insertion.

2.2.4 Post-cutting management

After cutting, put the hole plate or sowing box under the shade net with a shading rate of 70% and the temperature is about 25 ℃. According to the weather conditions, spray water to the surface of the matrix every 2 hours in sunny days, and spray less or not on cloudy or rainy days to keep the air humidity at about 80%. At the same time, there can be no stagnant water in the matrix. About 30 days after cutting, new roots grow, and the times of spraying are gradually reduced. After the root system reaches 3cm, it can be transplanted or put on the pot to enter the normal management. Rooting is slower when the temperature is low.

(3) Post-basin management

3.1 put on the basin

When the third pair of true leaves of the seeding seedling grows or the root system of the cutting seedling reaches 3cm, it can be transplanted into the pot. The pot substrate can be well mixed with peat and perlite at the ratio of 4:1, and the disinfection method can be used with the sowing medium.

3.2 Lighting Management

The starry flowers enjoy sufficient sunshine and sufficient light, and the closer the plant is, the stronger the plant is. Therefore, in the winter of weak light and short-day sunshine, attention should be paid to supplementary illumination. Proper supplement of light can shorten the cultivation time by 2-3 weeks, and the flower stem will grow too long if the light is not enough. Greenhouse cultivation, can not block the light in winter; 30% shade in spring, summer and autumn. It is also ideal to grow in semi-overcast environment.

3.3 temperature management

Warm and sunny enough contribute to the growth of starry flowers. During the growth period, the night temperature should be kept above 17: 18 ℃ and the daily temperature should be above 22: 24 ℃. The temperature below 10 ℃ will make the plant blossom irregularly and delay or hinder the blooming of flowers.

3.4 Water and fertilizer management

Star flowers are more resistant to drought, but not to water and moisture. During the growth period, excessive watering should be avoided, and stagnant water in the cultivation substrate should be avoided so as not to induce root rot. When watering, the water temperature should not be too low. Overwatering often yellowes the plants and slows the growth of flowers. The water-soluble fertilizer of Huaduo 20 / 10 / 20 can be used for fertilization. The concentration of fertilizer is 0.20% in the first month after potting, 0.30% after the second month, and applied every 7 to 10 days.

3.5 Plant shape management

In order to get the ideal plant shape, it is generally necessary to pick the heart in 3 to 4 pairs of true leaves, and leave 2 pairs of true leaves after picking the heart. Cut off the residual flowers immediately after flowering, strengthen the fertilizer and water, which can promote the germination of new branches and continue to blossom. When the leaves of the lower branches of the old plant are sparse, the ornamental ability of the plant decreases, and a heavy pruning should be made to promote the lower part of the plant to branch and form a better plant shape.

(4) Disease and pest control

The common diseases and insect pests are quenching disease, gray mold, whitefly and so on.

4.1 cataplexy

Quenching disease is easy to occur in seedling stage, and the diseased seedlings suddenly lodge and die, which affects the survival rate of seedlings, and even destroys them all. The disease mainly occurred after the seedlings were unearthed and the base of the young stem was infected by bacteria. At first, the disease showed a small macular spot, and then turned pale brown to brown and constricted. The disease developed rapidly around the stem for 1 week, so that when the young leaves were still emerald green, they fell down and died from the base, so it was called sudden fall disease. In the end, the diseased seedlings rot or dry up. After sowing, it can also be infected from seed germination to unearthed, resulting in bud rot and seed rot, and the phenomenon of missing seedlings and broken ridges appears on the seedling bed. When the substrate humidity is high, a layer of white flocculent mycelium can be seen on the diseased seedlings and the nearby soil surface. The quenching disease is mainly caused by Pythium. The pathogen overwinters in the soil or on the remains of diseased plants, which is highly saprophytic and can survive in the soil for a long time, which is called soil habitual bacteria. Germs can be spread by irrigation water and Rain Water, as well as by bacteria-carrying compost, seeds and so on. High soil moisture in seedbed and sowing box, improper watering, over-dense sowing, uncomfortable temperature and thin seedling growth are all conducive to the occurrence of quenching disease. Continuous cropping seedbed or flower nursery has serious disease due to high accumulation of soil bacteria. Quenching disease is a typical soil-borne disease.

Prevention and control methods: ① improved seedling measures. Select high-lying, dry and well-drained areas as seedbeds; apply fully mature fertilizers or select high-quality culture soil; control the amount of irrigation at seedling stage, and the soil should not be too wet; sow in time so that the seedlings will not be affected by unsuitable temperature; sowing should not be too dense, and time seedlings, transfer seedlings, so that the nursery to maintain good ventilation; serious disease flower beds to avoid continuous cropping, or soil disinfection before sowing Carry out excellent seedling raising measures and cultivate strong seedlings to enhance disease resistance and reduce the harm of stunting disease. ② soil treatment. As the quenching pathogen can survive in the soil for a long time, it is of great significance to control the disease by directly eliminating the pathogen in the soil. 50% of carbendazim wettable powder can be mixed with 0.10% of the weight of the matrix for matrix sterilization. ③ chemical control. Spraying fungicides in the early stage of the disease can effectively control the epidemic of the disease. The commonly used fungicides are 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution, 25% metalaxyl (Ruidui) wettable powder 800 times solution, 40% aluminum ethyl phosphate (Phytophthora) wettable powder 200 times 400 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, etc., pay attention to spraying young stems and central diseased plants of seedlings and the diseased soil near them. The medicine was used once every 7 to 10 days, alternately, and sprayed continuously for 2 or 3 times, depending on the condition of the disease. In general, the prevention was carried out by spraying insecticides once at the seedling stage and at the initial stage of pot management.

4.2 Gray mold

Botrytis cinerea can harm leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. The symptoms were complicated, including leaf spot, canker, seedling quenching, organ decay, gray mold layer in wet environment, and the whole plant withered in severe cases. When the humidity is high, the disease is gray mildew, the disease is very easy to repeat, so the prevention and treatment of gray mold must persevere. In maintenance and management, ventilation should be enhanced, watering should be controlled on cloudy days, less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, and diseased flowers and leaves should be removed in time; 50% Sukeling wettable powder 2000 times or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 1 000 times should be used every 7 to 10 days, alternately, spraying 2 times 3 times continuously, or depending on the disease.

4.3 White whitefly is small and white, and its flying ability is not strong. Adults and larvae absorb plant sap to make the damaged leaves withered and yellow, and the honeydew secreted by adults can lead to coal fouling disease. Control method: using yellow armyworm board to trap and kill, yellow armyworm board can be placed in the greenhouse, and flowers can be shaken artificially to kill the frightened white whitefly; it can be sprayed with 40% omethoate 1000 times, or 2.50% deltamethrin emulsion 2000 times, or 10% deltamethrin 2000 times once every 10 days, even 3 times 4 times, can get obvious effect.

The above are all the cultivation points of potted starry flowers. Welcome florist friends to download Huinong APP to learn at any time every day, and interested florists are also welcome to come to this site for reference!

How to raise potted plants and manage the flowering period of potted plants

Artemisia mandshurica is a perennial herb, which can be cultivated for viewing, so how much do you know about the cultivation methods of potted plants? The following is for us to sort out the contents about how to raise potted plants. I hope you like it!

The cultivation method of potted plants full of stars

1. Water and fertilizer management

All-star bonsai should be often watered in the growing season to keep the basin soil moist. Spray 1Mel foliar water twice a day in summer, pay attention to inspection in rainy season, avoid stagnant water in the basin. In winter, the watering times should be reduced appropriately, and generally 3murmur6 days (when the basin soil surface dries slightly and turns white), it should be watered once. The phosphate and potash fertilizer solution with a concentration of 0.3% Murray 0.5% is applied three times a year before flowering (that is, 4muri-May). It is not suitable to apply fertilizer in other seasons after topdressing 1-Mel-Mel for two times during the season of La Dong. Avoid applying thick fertilizer.

2. Light and temperature requirements

Mantianxing is a subtropical tree species, avoid strong sun exposure, summer should be shaded 50% Murray 70%. In winter, you can spend the winter outdoors in the south; in the north, you should move indoors and keep room temperature at 5 ℃ 12 min.

3. Turning basin and pruning

Usually turn the basin and change the soil once every 1-2 years, in spring, 2-March or late autumn, replace all the old soil, trim the roots properly, and lift the roots combined with changing pots to form suspended roots and improve the ornamental value. After the semi-deciduous leaves in winter to the sprouting of the following spring, one pruning is carried out to cut the long and overgrown branches, to remove the overdense thin and weak branches, to cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests and other messy branches that affect the ornamental, and to pick the core, wipe the buds and remove the branches at the right time during the growing period, so as to keep it in a beautiful shape. The cut healthy branches can be used for cutting propagation.

4. Pest control

Mantian bonsai has fewer diseases and insect pests, and there are occasional aphids and snails. Once it happens, it should be prevented and treated in time. For plants with serious disease, they should be taken out of the basin, replaced with new culture soil, washed clean and cut off the diseased roots, and soaked in the roots for 30 minutes, and then replanted in the pot, the plants can generally be saved.

The ornamental use of potted plants full of stars

Use of flower arrangement

Because the stars all over the sky are plain and unconspicuous, they have always been in a state of blooming and falling without anyone asking. Only the Tunisian girls who are rich in oil olives have a soft spot for it. By the early 19th century, many upper-class people in Europe had an upsurge of flower arrangement, which made more and more flower fans fall in love with this "boudoir lady". By now, the star has become one of the top ten cut flowers in the world, on an equal footing with roses, tulips, carnations and so on.

The stars are often used to decorate bouquets. Beautiful and elegant, cut flowers are the best materials for flower arrangement, which become natural stickers and dried flowers after drying.

All over the sky star, annual herb, the stem is branched, the leaves are lanceolate and star-shaped, the flowers bloom at the tip of each twig, as many as stars, the flower shape is very soft. In Western flower arrangement, the stars in the sky are often regarded as "versatile", because they can be matched with different types of flowers at will, without depriving people of their elegant demeanor, while showing their own elegance and loveliness at the right time without losing their own style. this trait is not the right of other flowers!

Floral art creation

The star is generally used as the lining of the main flower, often referred to as the "bridesmaid flower". With its foil, the main flower becomes more colorful. Just like the supporting role in the film, only against the background of the supporting role, the protagonist will be more vivid and fuller, and the protagonist and the supporting role will be interdependent and complement each other, so that the theme can be expressed incisively and vividly. Using the full sky star as a foil, we can deal with the relationship between weight, density, shade, hidden dew, pitch, height and distance in the flower arrangement works, making the works have more depth and theme, and fully show the sense of three-dimensional, hazy and fluffy. For example, simply inserting a few roses can also express its beauty, but if you add a bunch of stars, it can play a stronger role as a foil.

The snow-white fluffy star flowers are so small and light that they are often regarded as a supporting role in flower art, matching them with roses and Platycodon grandiflorum as a typical bouquet of love. In fact, simply appreciate the star is also very distinctive, its bundles of tight as the main flower to insert the bottle, you can immediately feel a relaxed and lively atmosphere. It can also be made into dried flowers after natural air drying. The whole plant can be dyed and embossed for more use.

Main points: choose the plants with snow-white flowers, no dry or yellowish brown phenomenon in the bud, and green and stiff pedicels.

Floral words full of stars

The full sky star is a flower loved by elegant people, which always contains the meaning of "pure, distant and romantic".

The sky is full of stars and flowers: care, yearning, purity, true love, pure heart, joy, care, purity, watch love, willing to play a supporting role.

Miss, pure, dream, really like, supporting role, but indispensable

[symbolic blood type] A

[lucky constellation] Virgo

[represents constellation] Capricorn

It is better to choose flowers that are pure white and full, with few blind branches and bright green and elastic stems.

[cut flower life] 812 days

[gift object]

As a lining for rose to give lovers, you can create a beautiful love story.

With Gladiolus as a gift to graduate students, it means "great development".

Management of flowering period of potted plants

September to December

After September, it is necessary to use artificial electric light to meet the long sunshine conditions of flower production in winter, so as to induce flower bud differentiation and turn vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Often use overnight lighting or late night (22:00 to 2 am) lighting method, and ensure that the light intensity in 50 million 100 lux. Winter flower production also needs to maintain the temperature requirement of more than 15 degrees, and the low temperature below 10 degrees is easy to produce rosette leaves.

Temperature

The daily temperature of 25 ℃ is the best. If the daily temperature is more than 30 ℃, the time or days is too long, it is easy to increase the probability of abnormal flowers. The best night temperature is 10: 15 ℃, if the temperature is less than 10 ℃, the best temperature is less than 10 ℃, and the short days in autumn and winter are easy to cause dormancy or clustering.

Sunshine

For most commercial varieties, the critical photoperiod of flowering is between 12 and 18 hours. Long-day treatment itself is only effective in inducing flower spike differentiation, while more long-day treatment can get more flower number. And the longer light cycle can not only promote early flowering, but also have larger flowers. On the other hand, the demand for long light of Bristol Fairy is not as sensitive as other varieties such as Perfecta diamuna, which can blossom in 12 hours, which is one of the reasons why this variety has become the main variety produced professionally in Taiwan.

Luminosity

Light has a far-reaching effect on whether the stars bloom or not, especially in winter. If all the plants are exposed to 80~24Klux in summer, all the plants can blossom. The difference is that the less the illuminance received, the less the number of flowers will be. All the plants could blossom when irradiated with 58Klux in winter, while those with 24Klux could not blossom even if they were given full light period for 24 hours continuously.

Land preparation

The roots are perishable. Generally speaking, the soil is better than slightly alkaline calcareous soil or gravelly loam with good drainage. Acid or neutral soil should be properly applied with lime to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the soil.

Before planting, the soil should be turned 40cm to 50cm deep, enough organic fertilizer should be applied, and some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added appropriately. As a high border, the surface of the border is 30cm to 40cm high.

Colonization

2 000 trees per mu (1 mu = 667 square meters) were planted with double strips, with row spacing of 50 cm and plant spacing of 35 cm. It should be fully watered before planting, then planted in cloudy days, and watered thoroughly after planting. Planting time: as a cut flower cultivation, such as production in the greenhouse, can be planted in summer or autumn or even early spring. In this way, flowers are picked from early autumn to early summer. The plants after picking flowers should be dug up from June to July, then refrigerated to August to September, and then planted.

Moisture content

There is more demand for water in the seedling stage, and sufficient water and fertilizer are still needed after coring, so that the plant can gradually change from the vegetative growth stage to the reproductive growth stage, that is to say, enter the protruding stage (flowering stage). Until the spikelet is drawn out, the moisture content of the petals should be slightly reduced when the petals grow out, so as to prevent the quality and pumping capacity of the cut flowers from decreasing, and to promote the flowers to bloom neatly. Especially in the hot and humid season in summer, whether the water control is appropriate or not is often the main factor that determines the success of the cultivation.

Water management should be strictly controlled, excessive wet growth becomes weak, stagnant water will cause root rot death. Watering should be controlled when the plant grows to 30 cm, especially at the budding stage and drier at the flowering stage. Shelter should be built for cultivation in rainy areas.

Fertilizer

Like other grass flowers, Mantianxing has more requirements for fertilizer and water, but it is most afraid of random fertilization, concentrated fertilizer and partial application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer, and it is required to follow the two fertilization principles of "frequent application of light fertilizer, less and more times, complete nutrition" and "dry and wet, dry, dry and irrigated". And after fertilization, leaves and flowers should be kept dry at night, and nitrogen fertilizer should be used in the early stage after planting. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was the main fertilizer in the later stage.

Spring:

After the temperature rises, the growth recovers rapidly, and gradually enters the flower bud differentiation stage and flowering stage, which requires a lot of fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water management according to "Huabao" → clear water → "Huabao"-clear water cycle, the interval period is about 2-4 days. After entering the fruiting stage, stop the supply of fertilizer. The red and yellow stars are placed together.

Autumn:

After the sowing seedlings have been restored for a period of time, it is necessary to quickly keep up with the management of fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water management cycle according to the order of "Huabao" → "Huabao" → clear water → "→"Huabao" → clear water, the interval period is about 1-3 days, the interval period is shorter during sunny or high temperature periods, and the interval period is longer or unwatered during rainy days or low temperature periods.

Winter:

Although it continues to grow, but the low temperature will slow its growth rate, do not require much fertilizer and water, and even control fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water management according to "Huabao" → clear water → clear water → "Huabao" → clear water cycle, the interval period is about 4-7 days. Watering time is arranged as far as possible when the temperature is high at noon on a sunny day.

The culture method of five-star flower

The culture method of five-star flower

The basic information of five-star flower

Scientific name: Pentas lanceolata

Alias: Egyptian star flower, star flower, umbrella flower, herbal elixir.

Families and genera: Rubiaceae, five-star flower genus. Evergreen vegetation or subshrub, 30-60 cm tall. Stem erect or prostrate proximally, basal Lignification. Leaves opposite, lanceolate or ovate, ca. 9 cm, hairy. Flowering mainly from autumn to winter, other times can also bloom; Cymes terminal, flowers small, tubular, Corolla 5-lobed star, often dozens of clusters, with lavender, blue-purple, white, pink, red and other colors. Capsule. Seeds numerous, extremely small.

The five-star flower is small but has many flowers and a long flowering period. when the conditions are right, the flowers are often undefeated in the four seasons, and the flowers are like stars all over the sky, like small umbrellas open on top, delicate, delicate and gorgeous, strong in nature and easy to reproduce. It is a kind of flower which is very suitable for balcony and window sill.

[propagation of five-star flower] cutting and sowing. Mainly by cutting propagation.

The main results are as follows: (1) Cuttage is carried out in the growing period, and April cutting is the best. Select the unflowered branches and cut the cuttings with 2-8 cm, 2-3 nodes and slightly biennial parts.

Keep the substrate and environment moist after cutting, and cover 50% to 70% of the sun. It can take root in about 20 days, and it is very easy to survive. If the cuttings were soaked in 0.1%-0.2% indole acetic acid for 2-3 seconds, the rooting time could be shortened. It can also be cut in autumn.

(2) sowing: in April. Because the seed is small, it needs to be mixed with fine sand before sowing. The suitable temperature for germination was 21 °C, kept the bed soil moist and high air relative humidity after sowing, and germinated after 14 ~ 21 days. It takes 16 to 22 weeks from sowing to flowering.

[key points of five-star flower cultivation]

The main results are as follows: (1) temperature: like warmth, it can continue to grow and bloom above 15 °C, and the optimum temperature for growth is 20 °C to 30 °C. It is not cold-tolerant, the plant goes into dormancy when it is lower than 10 °C, it should be kept above 10 °C for overwintering, and the fallen leaves will die when it is below 5 °C. Resistant to high temperature, can grow and blossom normally under slightly shaded conditions at high temperature.

(2) Light: like the sun, sensitive to light, the flowering period needs 80% to 100% sunlight, which is conducive to plant growth and flowering. There should be more than 4 hours of direct sunlight every day. Too much concealment will lead to overgrowth of branches, thinness of plants, yellowing of leaves, difficulty in flowering or poor flowering. However, when the summer sun is strong, it needs proper shade, and too much light will make the plant not easy to blossom. Plenty of sunshine should be given at other times. But try to accept the sun sooner or later, should cover about 30% of the sun.

(3) watering: afraid of drought, like wet soil environment. During the peak period of growth, flowering and summer, water should be fully supplied to keep the basin soil moist. But avoid basin soil wet waterlogging, watering during the growing period to master "dry and wet phase". The plum rainy season should be checked in time and the stagnant water in the basin should be emptied. Watering should be controlled in winter, especially after flowering in autumn and winter, there will be a dormant period of 1 month on the left and right, which requires controlled watering, as long as the basin soil is slightly wet.

(4) Environmental humidity: if the weather is fine and dry during the high temperature in summer, water should often be sprayed to the branches and leaves and around them, so as to increase the relative humidity of the air and be beneficial to the growth and flowering of the plant.

(5) fertilization: during the period of growth and flowering, fertilizer with the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied once a month to facilitate continuous growth and flowering. Because of its strong adaptability and rapid growth, it is not suitable to apply too much nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise the plants will grow too long and blossom sparsely, which will affect the ornamental plants. Fertilization should be combined with pruning, that is, after each flowering, the residual flowers should be cut off and fertilizers should be supplied in time to promote the germination of new branches and continue to bloom. If the overwintering temperature can be maintained above 15 °C and the plant continues to grow and blossom, fertilizer should be applied once every semimonthly; if the temperature is low and the plant goes into dormancy, fertilizer should be stopped.

(6) pruning: coring should be carried out at the seedling stage when it grows to about 10 cm, in order to promote branching and more flowering. Picking the heart should be carried out on a sunny day, and it is easy to cause wound festering when it is continuously overcast and rainy. The branches that are too long should be cut at any time during the growth period. if there are no seeds, the branches and leaves can be trimmed moderately after flowering, and the residual flowers can be cut off so as not to consume nutrients, keep the plant round, promote new buds and continue to bloom.

(7) upper basin and turning basin: when the seedlings are as high as 15-20 cm, they are planted in the basin with a diameter of 15-20 cm. The basin should be turned once every two years, which should be carried out in spring and autumn. For the slightly acidic soil which is fertile, loose and well drained, the best pH is 6.0-6.5, and the matrix can be prepared with peat soil, rotten leaf soil, garden soil and plain sand. After 2-3 years of pot planting, the growth potential of the plant decreased obviously, which should be eliminated and renewed.

(8) pest control: there are diseases and insect pests such as leaf spot disease and whitefly.

[common problems in five-star flower cultivation]

The common causes of common problems are thin plants, yellow leaves, no flowering or small and small flowering ① lack of light; lack of fertilizer ②; ⑤ plants grow for many years and become weak branches and leaves hypertrophy, but less flowering is due to excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer or simple application of nitrogen fertilizer