How to plant ginkgo trees? Cultivation points and Management methods of Ginkgo biloba

How to cultivate ginkgo trees? Ginkgo biloba is one of the graceful varieties of street trees, which not only has strong resistance to disease, but also has high tolerance to pollution. As one of the courtyard landscape trees, ginkgo biloba is highly ornamental. Let's learn the cultivation points and management methods of ginkgo trees.

1 key points of cultivation techniques of ginkgo biloba

1.1 selection of seedlings

If you want to plant a healthy ginkgo tree, you must first choose good seedlings. It is usually necessary to choose ginkgo seedlings with more developed roots. Generally speaking, the seedlings of ginkgo biloba with white xylem and red root bark are healthier. If the root system is black or the root system turns black, it indicates that the seedling is dead. If ginkgo trees are used as street trees, seedlings and males should be selected, and ginkgo seedlings with straight trunks and branches of about 3 m should be selected.

1.2 planting

Before planting, to choose a more fertile soil, usually 1% to 3% organic matter content and good permeability of the soil is the best. For ginkgo trees, it is easier to survive before sprouting in early spring, because the temperature in early spring is neither high nor very low, which provides natural conditions for the growth of ginkgo trees. Ginkgo biloba is usually cultivated with soil balls, but it is not easy to root in deep soil, so it is more suitable for shallow soil cultivation, and the planting depth is generally 1 / 2 cm higher than the original seedling's rhizosphere and horizon.

1.3 watering

In the early stage of ginkgo tree cultivation, water is watered once every 5 to 7 days, but it is not necessary to water ginkgo trees regularly after they survive. The first watering is usually carried out after soil thawing and before germination, and the second watering is carried out when the weather is relatively dry. Although ginkgo trees are not afraid of drought, they are afraid of moisture. If there is too much water, it will invade the root of the ginkgo tree, causing stagnant water in the root, which may seriously lead to root death. But in all the ginkgo trees, there will inevitably be fake death. In other words, after some ginkgo trees drown, even if the roots die, the leaves will expand and sprout in the early spring of the second year, but the leaves will become very small. When the nutrients in the ginkgo tree are exhausted, it will no longer sprout, which is the phenomenon of false death of the ginkgo tree. It should be noted that some ginkgo trees will not germinate in the first year of cultivation, so they should not be regarded as dead, but are very similar to the phenomenon of fake death and will not germinate until the second or third year, which is a sign of slow growth of ginkgo trees. it's a normal phenomenon.

1.4 pruning, ploughing and pest control

First of all, the ginkgo tree can be pruned before transplanting, and some overdense branches and leaves and branches of diseases and insects can be cut off at the same time, so that there is no need to prune again in the growth process of ginkgo tree. Secondly, in the process of maintenance, it is necessary to plough in time to avoid the growth of weeds, which is conducive to the growth of trees. At the same time, improve the aeration conditions of the soil, promote root growth, and sprout new branches quickly. Finally, compared with other trees, ginkgo trees have few diseases and insect pests, and only when the summer temperature is relatively high, the stems are more likely to be invaded by diseases and insect pests, and rot is easy to occur after rain. therefore, a shade can be built for ginkgo trees in summer to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

2 ginkgo tree management technology

2.1 shaping and pruning

Pruning ginkgo trees can promote the rapid growth and development of ginkgo trees. Therefore, the root sprouts and some diseased plants should be cut off regularly every year, and nutrients should be concentrated on the main branches, so that the ginkgo trees can maintain a good tree shape and ensure that the trees are tall and straight, so as to make the ginkgo trees show a more beautiful landscape effect as a street tree.

2.2 artificial pollination

Ginkgo biloba is a wind-pollinated plant, so it needs artificial pollination. The simplest method of artificial pollination is to cut off the branches of male flowers that are about to bloom on other trees and hang them in the limelight. Another method is artificial liquid pollination. After picking fresh male flowers, add water, filter out the residue, and then add 1% sucrose and 0.2% borax to the pollen for artificial liquid pollination. The best time for artificial pollination is usually when a small bead appears on the mouth of the pistil plant, and artificial pollination is generally used to remedy the bad weather such as rain and fog during the flowering period.

2.3 fertilization management

Ginkgo biloba tree grows slowly. Strengthening fertilization management can accelerate its growth. In general, in addition to applying base fertilizer according to the growth of ginkgo trees, topdressing should be applied once or twice before sprouting to promote shoot growth, and the general plant should apply compound fertilizer 0.8~1.0kg.

(3) Disease and pest control

In the process of ginkgo tree growth, the most common diseases are leaf blight and dry rot, both of which are fungal diseases. For the prevention and control of leaf blight, 25% carbendazim 500-fold solution and 70% methyl topiramate 600-fold solution were evenly sprayed two or three times in the early stage of seedling growth, and the fallen leaves were removed in time. For dry rot, the whole tree can be sprayed with 800 times of Liangguoan liquid. For ginkgo trees which suffer from dry rot every year, it is necessary to spray the whole plant and irrigate the whole plant after diluting the virus Ⅱ No. 300 to 400 times.

The most common pests of ginkgo trees are the leaf roll moth and thrips. For the leaf roll moth, the insect buds and rolled leaves can be removed manually to control the harm, and the adults can be trapped and killed by spraying 1000 times of phoxim EC. For thrips, 2.5% dimethoate EC 2000 times or 40% dimethoate or omethoate EC 1000 times or 1500 times can be sprayed in the early growth stage of ginkgo trees.

These are the key points of the cultivation techniques of ginkgo trees. Miao farmers who are interested in this variety of ginkgo can have a good look. It is recommended that you do not download a mobile phone Huinong APP, and you can learn anytime and anywhere every day!

Introduction to planting techniques and cultivation Management of Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a kind of excellent tree species for both fruit and timber, which is tall and beautiful, and it is also a beautiful ornamental tree species. Ginkgo biloba has strong adaptability to soil, acid, alkali and drought tolerance, and its life span is as long as hundreds of years, even more than a thousand years. The fruit is rich in ginkgolic acid and ginkgo alcohol, which is rich in nutrition and can be used as food or medicine. The leaves can produce "coronary heart ketone" and other medicines, and can also be used as paddy field fertilizers and pesticides. Its wood is light and flexible, fine-grained and not easy to crack, so it is a good material for construction, craftsmanship and furniture.

Planting value

Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo tree, Gongsun tree or duck palm tree, only existed in China in the late Quaternary glacial period and is one of the most important specialty fruit trees in China. The comprehensive utilization value of ginkgo biloba is very great. Its use part is seed kernel, rich in nutrition, fragrant and delicious, is a good ingredient for high-grade tonic and high-grade dishes, and has certain medical value, such as resolving phlegm, relieving cough, tonifying lung, dysmenorrhea, relieving turbidity, diuresis and sterilization.

Ginkgo trees are tall, straight and majestic, with clean and beautiful leaves, have a certain resistance to smoke pollution, and can purify the air, with few diseases and insect pests, so they are also important scenic trees and excellent tree species for greening around. It is also used to make bonsai stumps.

Ginkgo biloba wood material is soft and flexible, not easy to deform, for fine handicrafts and valuable household materials, but the finished wood lasts too long and the production is less. The leaves can extract new drugs of coronary heart ketone to treat diseases of the vascular system; even if the leaves are fallen, they can also be used for sewing medicine pillows. The extra-nuclear fleshy seed coat can be used to extract tannin extract, smash and add water to make soil pesticides, which has insecticidal effect.

Main species

There is only one genus and one species of Ginkgo biloba. In addition, there are varieties such as leaf seeds, ginkgo biloba, some of which are born on leaves and the stalks are merged into one. In plant classification, ginkgo biloba belongs to gymnosperms. The ovule is produced on the receptacle and there is no ovary wrapped outside, so the seed does not have a pericarp when it is mature. The usually stone-shaped "fruit" is actually the seed of ginkgo biloba.

The cultivated varieties are usually divided into three types: bergamot, plum stone and horse bell according to the characters of seed and seed.

Most of the seed nuclei of bergamot varieties are long Obovate-shaped oval with edges on both sides but no obvious wing edges. The kernel is plump and delicious.

The seed nucleus of plum nuclear varieties is small, often nearly round, slightly flat, the dorsal ventral surface is often uneven, the edges on both sides are oval or hammer-shaped not far from the base, and the wings are not obvious on the side.

The seed nucleus of potato varieties is oval or hammer-shaped, the side is angled but the wing is not obvious. The shape is between bergamot and plum nucleus.

Growth habit

Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous fruit tree with slow growth, late inoculation and long life, which is dioecious and often forms a tall crown with strong dryness and obvious layers. The canopy of real trees is mostly tower-shaped, conical or oval. When the production of grafted trees is blocked without central trunk or central trunk, the crown can begin to be semicircular or happy in the later stage of growth. The branches in the crown can be divided into two types: growing branches and short shrinking branches. The long branch is formed by the upward and outward extension of several buds at the end of the branch, which is the basis of the crown.

The short branch is formed by the buds in the middle and lower part of the branch, and then extends weakly every year. The internodes are extreme, also known as "scale branch" or "milk branch". Under certain conditions, short branches can also produce long branches. Young trees under 10 years old have a higher proportion of long branches, accounting for about 70% of the total branch volume. A tree that is more than 50 years old. The number of long branches decreased sharply, and the proportion of short branches increased significantly, accounting for more than 80% of the total branches, so the crowns of adult trees are often sparse. Sometimes, the hidden buds of old trees or big branches can also sprout directly to form short branches.

After fruiting age, the female flowers and male inflorescences of ginkgo trees are clustered on the short branches of female and male plants, respectively. There are 5 to 14 leaves on short branches, and flower buds can be formed on sturdy short branches with more than 6 leaves. Flower buds are mixed buds, terminal, very short in spring and then blossom in leaf axils. Each shortening branch on the female plant can be inoculated with 2-14 (usually 5-6). The formation of flower buds on short branches is related to the nutritional status of the tree and the age and growth status of the basal branches. Generally speaking, the fruiting ability of shortened branches is the most on the basal branches of 3-12 years old, and then the fruiting ability decreases gradually.

The sprouting rate of the long branches of Ginkgo biloba is very high, except for the first top buds, the axillary buds on the other nodes can produce short branches, and form flower buds to blossom and bear fruit, which is very easy to form big and small years. However, the shortening branches on the same basal branch sometimes bear fruit alternately. Male inflorescences grow between axils of shortened branches and leaves, and 4-6 inflorescences can be borne on each shortened branch.

Reproduction method

There are many propagation methods of ginkgo biloba, such as seedling, ramet, grafting and so on, and the methods of plant division and grafting are widely used in production. The seed-bearing method is late, and the seed seed is small, so it is mostly used to cultivate wood and fruit trees, or to cultivate rootstock seedlings. The seeds can be sown in winter or in spring after sand storage. About 600 kg-750 kg seeds are needed per 1000 square meters of seedbed. The cotyledons of ginkgo biloba seedlings are not unearthed, and the soil cover can be thicker. The growth of seedlings is very slow, and it is suitable for sunshade at high temperature in summer. The lateral root of one-year-old seedling is underdeveloped, and the height of the seedling is no more than 20ml / 30cm. It is not suitable to come out of the nursery or for grafting. Generally, it is necessary to change the bed to cultivate for 2mi-3 years, and wait for the seedlings to reach a height of 60ml / 100cm before coming out of the nursery.

Ramet is the use of ginkgo biloba plant base sprouting, before sprouting in spring 2muri-March. Carry some old roots and fibrous roots, which is conducive to survival. The fruiting age of ramet seedlings is earlier than that of fruiting seedlings, but it takes about 10 years. Ramet seedlings are cultivated, but they are fixed and planted in the field, and they can also be used as sticky wood for grafting. The ramet should be selected from the root of the female plant.

The cuttage survival rate of Ginkgo biloba is lower than that of tree species which are easy to root, but cutting propagation can save seeds and expand seedling sources. The cutting method is divided into hardwood cuttage and green wood cuttage. Hardwood cuttings selected annual branches as cuttings, cut into about 20 cm, the lower end cut into horseshoe shape, with 30/1000000 to 50/1000000 acetic acid solution (the effective ingredient of rooting agent) treatment of 12murmuri for 24 hours, or soaked in 50 ppm ABT-1 rooting powder for 1 hour, and then cut into the soil with a depth of about 10 cm.

The ginkgo trees propagated by grafting are the earliest to bear fruit, and the tree body is shorter, so it is easy to manage. In the past, high stem grafting with large rootstock was often used in producing areas, which was not conducive to a large number of rapid seedling breeding and garden establishment. At present, seedling grafting is popularized in production, that is, 2-3-year-old rootstock seedlings are grafted at a lower position 30 cm-50 cm above the ground, and one-year-old branches are used as spikes. There are two main grafting methods: crackling and subcutaneous grafting. The grafting period is from mid-late March to early April.

Planting and management

The open land with deep soil layer and good drainage should be selected in the garden where ginkgo biloba is planted. It is not suitable to build a garden where low-lying moisture, heavy salinity and heavy soil are not suitable. The planting distance can generally be 4-5 meters, such as the implementation of planned close planting can further reduce the plant row spacing. The Ginkgo biloba leaf-picking orchard is built with highly close planting, with a row spacing of only 0.7 Muthi 1 meter. Ginkgo trees planted sporadically on the four sides can form large crowns, and the row spacing can be expanded to 6 Mel 8 meters. The root system of Ginkgo biloba recovered slowly after injury, and the larger the seedling was, the longer it took to resume growth. Planting and transplanting seedlings should damage the root system as little as possible, so as not to lengthen the slow seedling stage and affect the growth and fruiting.

Ginkgo tree growth is slow, strengthen soil fertilizer management, can accelerate growth, according to the initial discretion to increase the amount of base fertilizer, topdressing 1-2 times before sprouting, in order to promote the growth of new shoots, applying 0.8 kg-1 kg compound fertilizer or pouring manure from mature people. Ginkgo avoid wet waterlogging, rainy season should pay attention to ground drainage.

Diseases and pests and their control

There are not many diseases and insect pests harmful to Ginkgo biloba, mainly leaf blight and dry rot, all of which are fungal diseases. Leaf blight can be sprayed 2-3 times with 25% multi-bacteria 500-fold solution or 70% methyl topiramate 600-fold solution during the growing period, and the fallen leaves can be swept away and burned in time. Dry rot can be used alternately for 2-3 times during the growing period with 25% multi-bacteria 500-fold solution or 70% methyl topiramate 600-fold solution and 240-fold Bordeaux solution.

The main pests are longicorn beetles, big bag moth, thrips and ultra-small ginkgo leaf moth. Thrips can harm the young leaves of Ginkgo biloba by spraying 2.5% dimethoate EC 2000 times or 20% dimethoate EC 3000 times, or using 40% dimethoate or omethoate EC 1000-1500 times. Ultra-small leaf moth larvae in early summer leaf erosion short branches, can manually remove insect bracts, leaf curls, hang sugar and vinegar cans during the occurrence of adults, or spray 1000 times of phoxim EC to control.

Production methods, cultivation and maintenance of bonsai of Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a famous longevity tree species with strong vitality, peculiar leaf shape, easy grafting, reproduction, shaping and pruning. It is a high-quality material for making bonsai, especially the bonsai made of ginkgo tree milk, which has high ornamental value and economic value. Ginkgo biloba is a commonly used tree species in Chinese bonsai. Ginkgo bonsai is one of the most unique bonsai in China because of its thick trunk, curved branches, dewy roots, unique shape, vigorous and unrestrained and interesting.

Potted soil preparation:

Because of the limited container, the root growth of potted ginkgo biloba is inhibited, and there must be sufficient fertility in the limited pot soil in order to maintain the growth and fruiting of ginkgo biloba. Select loose and fertile pastoral soil, sift, add 1/3 fully mature organic manure (such as compost, stable manure, green manure, etc.), add 1/5 crushed plant straw, soak the above raw materials with 5% human feces and urine or 1% urea aqueous solution, hold the humidity into a ball, let go, pile it in a sunny place, cover it with plastic film, and ferment at high temperature for 15 to 25 days.

Container selection:

Choose different containers according to where they are placed. For viewing on the desk or windowsill, choose ceramic or pottery flowerpots with a diameter of about 30 cm and a height of 30 cm, with a drain at the bottom, and watch them on the courtyard or balcony. Containers such as buckets, small boxes, vats, flowerpots and so on can be used. Change the basin every 1 to 2 years, and fill in some new humus soil at the same time.

Fine planting:

After the soil is thawed in spring, before the seedlings germinate, choose 2-year-old strong seedlings with well-developed lateral roots, free from diseases and insect pests and basal stems of 1 cm to 2 cm, trim the roots and flatten the wound to facilitate wound healing. Soak the seedlings and new pots with water for one day and night before planting, first buckle the drainage hole of the flowerpot with a small piece of tile. So that it can drain without leaking soil. And then load 1/2 pots of dirt? The middle part is high and low around, stretch the seedling root system, erect the root stem, fill the soil, gently lift the seedling by hand and shake the basin to make the soil firm, and then fill the soil firmly. The basin soil should be 3 cm to 5 cm lower than the rim of the basin in order to fill with water. Attention should be paid to prevent half-cut water, wet and dry, affecting survival and growth, pouring water and placing it in a cool place to slow seedlings.

Grafted seedlings:

The excellent varieties with early fruit and high yield were selected for grafting, and they could bear fruit after surviving for three years. The better varieties are Tancheng No. 3, Big Buddha finger, Dongting Huang and so on. Split grafting or wood bud grafting was used before sprouting in spring or with woody buds from July to August, which germinated in the same year in spring and in the second year after survival in autumn.

Trim the shape:

According to personal appreciation level and aesthetic point of view, cultivate into a suitable tree. Such as bow, two-layer flat, cross, spindle, etc., the bow can be formed into a bow by wire with a diameter of 2 cm to 4 cm, which is fixed on the basin in the spring of the following year, and the new branches are tied up along the tree, and the plastic surgery is completed for 3 to 4 years. The latter three kinds of trees can fix the branches in the expected position and carry out shaping and pruning year by year. In the third year, a strong branch is selected from the upper part of the crown to the sunny side, and the male branch is grafted for pollination.

Fertilizer and water management:

Bonsai cultivation is affected by container size and soil fertility. the water in the basin evaporates quickly, so it should be observed and watered in time. Watering depends on the basin soil and leaves to determine the watering times, generally every 1 to 2 days. In the hot dry season, root irrigation is carried out before 8 am and after 5 pm every day, and the leaf surface is also sprayed to wash away the foliar dust, which is conducive to photosynthesis, increase local humidity and meet the physiological needs of Ginkgo biloba. After falling leaves in autumn, take out the surface soil in the basin, change it into loose and fertile nutrient soil, and irrigate it. When sprouting in early spring, nitrogen fertilizer was applied to accelerate sprouting, 0.1% borax solution was sprayed in the peak flowering period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied in the fruit expansion period after anthesis. Potted ginkgo biloba should be fertilized less frequently, which can not only prevent root burning but also be fully absorbed.

Pest control:

The main pests of Ginkgo biloba are diamondback moth and ultra-small leaf roll moth, and the main diseases are root rot and leaf blight. Root disease is generally caused by stagnant water in the root, leaf blight is mainly caused by lack of fertilizer and weak tree potential, and it is also related to high temperature. According to different diseases and insect pests, correct control measures should be taken. Strengthening fertilizer and water management, strengthening tree potential and improving tree resistance are also effective ways to control diseases and insect pests.