Variety Resources of Begonia and cultivation techniques for Disease and Pest Control

Begonia is the general name and common name of many plants of the genus Malus and several plants of the genus papaya. The main plants of the genus Apple are gorgeous begonia, diamond begonia, Kells crabapple, pink roof begonia, plateau fire begonia, Adam begonia, ruby begonia, winter red fruit begonia, papaya mainly papaya begonia, wrinkled papaya begonia, hairy leaf papaya begonia, Japanese papaya begonia. Today we are going to focus on a variety of plants of the genus Malus, as follows.

1 identification of begonia varieties

1.1 Family and genus identification

Gorgeous Begonia, Diamond Begonia, Kells Begonia, Powder Roof Begonia, Plateau Fire Begonia, Adam Begonia, Ruby Begonia, Winter Red Fruit Begonia all belong to various plants of the genus Malus. The specific identification methods are as follows:

1.2 recognition of leaves, flowers, branches and fruits

1.2.1 Winter red fruit Begonia: deciduous shrubs or small trees, plants short, green, with rounded and obtuse edges; corymbals, flowers light pink, blooming in spring; fruit oval, fruit green at first, bright red after maturity, does not fall through winter, can continue to fall off in February and March of the next year.

1.2.2 Diamond Begonia: small trees with deciduous flowers, compact tree type, red new leaves and green old leaves; flowering in late April, pink flowers and bright red fruits, as red as fire in June until the middle of winter; fruit maturity 6-12 months, fast growth, simple cultivation and management, relatively barren, and strong cold resistance, salt and alkali resistance, is an excellent green tree species.

1.2.3 Plateau Fire Begonia: small deciduous trees, erect trees with dark red branches in winter; spring buds germinate at the beginning of March, the new leaves are bright wine red, and mature leaves gradually turn into olive green with purple rhyme; florescence is in the first ten days of April, the buds are dark red, the flowers are dark pink, and the colors are bright.

1.2.4 Adam Begonia: small deciduous tree with erect tree shape, round and compact crown; blooming in early April with deep red buds, then gradually turning to deep magenta after expansion, light magenta blooming flowers and fading color in the center of the flower; June fruit light wine red, olive-shaped, is an important winter fruit variety.

1.2.5 Ruby Begonia: small deciduous trees, green and colored tree species with leaves, flowers, fruits, branches and tree shapes, all show ruby color and have the characteristics of "leaf red, flower red, fruit red, branch also red".

1.2.6 Kells Begonia: small deciduous tree with open round shape; blooming in early April with deep pink buds, deep red flowers after opening, double petal and dense flowers; dark purplish red fruit with a layer of blue-purple wax frost on the surface, maturing from the end of August to early September, turning yellow and then falling off.

1.2.7 gorgeous begonia: small deciduous trees with close shape, bark split longitudinally, spiny short branches; young leaves purplish red, new leaves red, pink flowers, dense and gorgeous flowers; flowering in late April, deep pink flowers, bright, large flowers.

1.2.8 pink roof crabapple: the crown is cup-shaped, narrow, tall and erect; the trunk is dark pink, which becomes redder and redder after winter, and the new leaves turn purplish red after red; the leaves are oval to ovoid, serrated light, apex acuminate.

2 maintenance and management of begonia tree species

2.1 Fertilizer and Water Management

Begonia likes light, cold and drought, but avoids water dampness, so it should be watered thoroughly; fertilizing 1-2 times a year, mainly organic fertilizer, generally before spring bud germination or after defoliation in autumn.

2.2 pruning

Begonia species have long and short branches, short branches when flower branches, long branches are vegetative branches. After blooming, Begonia should remove dense branches, dry and withered branches, disease and insect branches in time, and cut long branches properly; remove tillers at the branches during the growing period, cut inner branches, and maintain ventilation and light; in winter, there is no need for pruning, but it is necessary to carry out appropriate branch thinning according to the tree shape to keep the crown complete and the flowers colorful.

2.3 Disease and pest control

2.3.1 aphids: aphids will harm tender green branches and leaves and cause new shoots to stop growing and leaves to twist and retract, as well as coal fouling and virus transmission; spraying 2000 times of 20% imidacloprid EC or 1 ∶ of 2000 times liquid room for prevention and control at the end of autumn; generally spraying every 7-10 days for 2-3 times continuously.

2.3.2 Beetles: strengthen underground pest control, spray phoxim to kill grubs; spray 1000 times of omethoate or 1000 times of trichlorfon crystals during the adult period.

2.3.3 net bugs: control with 2000 times of 50% malathion emulsion and 50% insecticidal boron emulsion.

2.3.4 Red Spider: mainly harms the old leaves, the back of the leaves, larvae, nymphs and adults will suck the juice from the back of the leaves, resulting in a large number of leaves falling off; with 20% triclofenac wettable powder 800x solution, or with 50% monosulfide EC 2000 times solution control.

2.3.5 Brown spot: after defoliation in winter to germination in the following spring, spray crystal stone flow mixture or equivalent Bordeaux liquid; after the onset of the growing period, you can spray 70% thiophanate wettable powder 600 times 800 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 400 times 600 times, generally every 10-15 days, 2-3 times continuously.

2.3.6 Begonia rust: spray 0.1 ~ 0.3 °be stone sulfur mixture or triadimefon EC to prevent and cure.

Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Begonia

Begonia is a green tree species with high ornamental value. The graceful tree can watch both flowers and leaves, and can be planted in courtyards, parks and roadsides. The following is about the breeding and pest control techniques of begonia, which can be used for reference by interested parents.

1 cultivation techniques

1.1 Land preparation

Select the land with deep soil layer, fertile humus and good drainage, turn the soil deep into 35cm in autumn, apply sufficient bottom fertilizer before turning the soil, and apply rotten farm manure 1500kg per mu, then rake flat and make ridges.

1.2 colonization

One-year-old seedlings were selected and planted according to the row spacing of 0.8m × 1.5m. Holes were dug before planting and water trays were formed with soil after planting, which was beneficial to water conservation and watering.

1.3 grafting

1.3.1 rootstock. In order to save the cost in production, grafting is more selected to propagate seedlings. The "T'" shape budding was used. Bauhinia was selected as the rootstock in Heilongjiang Province. 2-year-old pest-free and healthy rootstocks were selected. In the middle of June, the rootstocks were truncated and the branches below 10cm from the root of the rootstocks were cut off at 7: 10 before budding.

1.3.2 scion. Select more than 3-year-old healthy branches with flowering leaves and full buds, cut off the leaves after selection, and deal with them immediately.

1.3.3 scion treatment. After cutting the scion, the scion was treated with 50mg/ L naphthylacetic acid. The root 5~10cm of the scion was put into the treatment solution, and the 20~30min was removed for use.

1.3.4 grafting. Cross-cut the 0.3~0.8cm above the selected leaf bud with a bud knife to length 0.5~0.9cm, and completely cut off the cortex of more than 1 / 3 of the scion. Cut into a "T'" shape on the selected rootstock, cut open the cut on the rootstock, insert the scion with the scion petiole facing up, and after insertion, align the upper end of the scion with the "T"-shaped transverse notch, and be careful not to entangle the leaf bud and petiole. check whether the grafting survived after 5 days, and the binding will be lifted after about 12 days, so as not to hinder the growth of the combined part.

1.4 transplanting

Choose the land with flat terrain, deep soil layer and fertile humus to prepare the land and make ridges. One-year-old seedlings without diseases and insect pests were selected and transplanted according to the row spacing of 80cm × 90cm plants. When transplanting, dig holes, pour water after planting, and step on it. When transplanting in dry weather, water should be used for transplanting. After transplanting seedlings slowly, new buds from the roots should be removed at any time, and then routine field management should be carried out.

1.5 Field management

1.5.1 moisture regulation. After transplanting seedlings, water was watered for 2 times before slow seedling. After the branches germinated new leaves, water was watered according to soil moisture, water was replenished in time in case of drought, and drained in time in rainy season. After the second year of planting, the seedlings have a certain drought resistance, which can reduce the watering times, watering frozen water once before winter and thawing water once in spring.

1.5.2 weeding and loosening the soil. During the peak period of plant growth, weeds are overgrown, so it is necessary to weed in time, and weeding combined with loosening soil should be carried out together. Be careful not to hurt seedlings, especially roots, when weeding and loosening soil.

1.5.3 fertilization. The plant grows vigorously and has many leaves and flowers, whether it is vegetative growth or flowering stage, it needs to apply a certain amount of fertilizer regularly. Before planting, basal fertilizer was applied, diammonium phosphate was applied for 30 kg per mu, and mature farm manure was applied with 1500kg per mu. The N, P, K compound fertilizer was applied once in the new shoot growth period, flowering stage and before defoliation, and 30kg was applied per mu. 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution could be sprayed before the plant growth boom, foliar fertilization was carried out to promote branch and leaf growth.

1.6 pruning

The royal family Begonia is an ornamental begonia, especially the foliage. Pruning the plant before germination in spring, on the basis of shaping, keep as many branches as possible, cut short properly, can not be re-cut, cut off disease and insect branches, dry and withered branches, drooping branches, bore branches, parallel branches and so on. Special greening seedlings, such as flower hedges or color blocks, should be used to control plant height and promote new branches and leaves.

1.7 Disease and pest control

1.7.1 disease. It is mainly black spot, the symptom of which is the dark brown oval spot on the leaf, which bears the conidia of deep black mildew, which seriously affects the normal photosynthesis and respiration of the leaf. In serious cases, the color of the leaf becomes lighter, causing the leaf to dry up and die, seriously affecting the plant growth. Prevention and control methods:

1) strengthen field management, prune and prune in time, remove diseased branches and leaves, and burn them centrally. 2) spraying 60% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 / 1000 times or 55% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times 700 times in time during the rainy season, the two agents were sprayed alternately, twice in a row, once in 10 days.

1.7.2 insect pests. It is mainly the yellow diamondback moth, which harms the leaves of the plant, leading to the weakening of the plant growth, the withering of the leaves, the withering of branches, and the serious death of the plant. Prevention and control methods:

1) make use of its phototaxis at night, trap and kill with arc lamp. 2) during the dormant period, the cocoons were removed manually and burned centrally. 3) in the event of insect pests, spray 55% prednisone emulsion 600 times, or 35% wettable carbaryl powder 400 times 600 times, or 70% crystal trichlorfon 1 200-1500 times. 4) to use its natural enemies for biological control, it is necessary to protect and utilize their natural enemies, such as Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera litura and so on.

The above is about the breeding and pest control and cultivation techniques of begonia. If you want to plant begonia well, you need to strengthen field management and pest control.

Control of Diseases and insect pests in Flower seedlings of Begonia bulbosa

The main diseases of Begonia bulb are powdery mildew, leaf spot, gray mold and crown rot. The damage of powdery mildew and leaf spot was more serious.

1. Powdery mildew

(1) symptom characteristics: powdery mildew occurred not only in leaves, but also in petioles, stems and flowers. The disease spot on the leaf is nearly round, but the edge is uncertain white powder mildew spot, the mildew layer is thin. In the later stage, white powder spots often fuse with each other, covering the leaves and showing light brown. The disease spots on stems, petioles and flowers are similar. When the disease is serious, the leaves will dry up and fall off early. When the natural conditions are suitable, powdery mildew does not need to survive the winter. The mild climate and the alternation of dry and wet are beneficial to the occurrence of powdery mildew.

(2) Control methods: varieties with high ornamental value and disease resistance should be selected. Strengthen cultivation management, reasonable close planting to ensure good ventilation and light transmission. At the initial stage of the disease, 2% triadimefon EC was sprayed with 2500 times or 40% Fuxing EC 60008000 times, more than 50%. Sulfur suspending agent 600 times liquid. Once every 10 to 15 days, prevention and treatment for 1 to 2 times.

two。 Leaf spot disease

The main results were as follows: (1) symptom characteristics: at the beginning of the disease, the disease spot was blister-shaped, dark green, gradually turned into transparent yellow, expanded and merged into black-brown withered spot, white mucus (bacterial pus), light gray bacterial membrane after drying, perforation and rupture in the later stage, causing the whole plant to wither and die.

(2) Prevention and control methods: the flower seedlings were propagated by disease-free plants, and the flower soil should be disinfected. Planting density should be reasonable, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, and avoid splashing on the leaves when watering. Find diseased leaves, remove them in time, and burn them centrally. When the disease is serious, spray 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times solution in time.

3. Pear scale

(1) damage characteristics: damage to many kinds of flowers. Female adults and nymphs are mostly clustered in twigs and leaves to suck sap, resulting in weak growth of branches and leaves, withering of branches and stems in severe cases, and early defoliation.

(2) Control methods: pear round scale belongs to the object of international quarantine, quarantine should be strengthened in introduction, and introduction to epidemic areas is strictly prohibited. Flower fields should be planted in places with good drainage, fertile soil and high dryness. Pruning and pruning in time to ensure ventilation and light. In case of serious occurrence, 50% fenitrothion 1000-1500 times liquid should be sprayed during the nymph incubation period, spraying evenly, twigs, and the shady side of the leaves should be used as the key part of spraying. Once every 10 to 15 days, spraying 2 times in a row. Pay attention to the protection of parasitic wasps and other natural enemies in order to reduce the damage.