Breeding and cultivation techniques of red-leaf peach and key points of pest control

Red leaf peach is a variant variety of blue peach, which is produced in Zhejiang, Anhui, Changmei flowers in Jiangsu, Shandong, Huangchuan, Henan and other places. Red-leaf blue peach likes warm and sunny environment, and the suitable temperature is 15-30 degrees. It can be propagated by sowing and grafting, and hairy peach is mostly used as rootstock. Today, the editor will talk about the breeding and cultivation techniques of red-leaf green peach and the key points of pest control.

1. Rootstock cultivation

① seed collection and processing

In October, the fully ripe fruit of Mao peach was selected, the pulp was removed, and the pure seed was obtained and dried in the Lee. It can be sowed directly in autumn or in spring after sand storage, which is generally dominated by spring sowing after sand accumulation. Stratification treatment of sand reservoir: in November, we choose to dig the pit in the place with high topography and good drainage, after the pit is dug, first lay coarse sand at the bottom of the pit, then spread 5 ~ 10cm of wet river sand, then put seeds and wet sand into the pit alternately according to the ratio of 1: 3, finally cover the wet sand of 10cm, and dig drainage ditches on both sides of the pit at the same time to prevent Rain Water from infiltrating into the pit.

② nursery site arrangement

Select the field with convenient water source and transportation, slightly higher topography and deep soil as the nursery, turn the nursery once again in autumn and winter, apply fully mature barnyard manure 2000kg or mature cake fertilizer 200kg per mu of nursery land in February of the following year, mix with calcium superphosphate 75kg/ mu, rake the field continuously with machinery for 3 ~ 4 times, fully rake the nursery and evenly mix fertilizer in the soil. The seedling bed is made by artificial cutting line and trenching according to the width of 1.5m, in which the width of seedling bed is 1.2m, the width of box groove is 0.3m, and the depth of box groove is 0.25m. In order to prevent the seedlings from being burned by sunlight, the seedling bed is mostly in the north-south direction, the length is less than 15m, and the middle trench should be opened if it is too long, so that the "three ditches" of perimeter ditch, middle ditch and chamber ditch are connected to facilitate drainage and personnel operation. In order to prevent diseases and insect pests in the nursery, ferrous sulfate (15 ~ 20kg / mu) particles can be mixed with fine soil before sowing, and 3% carbofuran (carbofuran) particles can be used at the same time, 5kg per mu.

③ sowing

From March to April, when about 30% of hairy peach seeds begin to "grin", the seeds can be screened out with a sieve to remove mildew and impurities, and full-grained seeds can be selected for strip sowing. The row spacing of strip sowing ditch is 30cm, and the depth of strip sowing ditch is 6cm. The seeds are evenly sown in the ditch and then covered with fine soil 5cm, and covered with straw, pine needle, straw and sawdust to preserve moisture and water. Around the middle of April, when about 10% ~ 20% of the peaches begin to emerge, remove the mulch and do a good job of clearing ditches and silting to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots. Spray sterilization with 50% carbendazim diluted 1000 times every 10 days, and spray with 2.5% deltamethrin diluted 2500 times to control underground insect pests.

1. Grafting propagation

The grafting of Hongyebi peach is mainly carried out by branch grafting, single bud cutting and abdominal grafting, which is usually carried out from March to April. The bud grafting has "T" shape bud grafting, which is usually carried out in June to July. When the big tree is grafted, the main branches can be grafted, also known as "long replacement" or "high branch replacement".

2. Ventral grafting with single bud

At the beginning of March, a full bud was selected on the branch of Hongyebi peach, and the two sides of the scion were cut with a knife. After the scion was cut, the scion was cut transversely at a distance of 0.5 ~ 1cm from a single bud. The 1 ~ 2-year-old hairy peach was selected as the rootstock, cut 5 ~ 8cm above the ground, and cut an oblique cut about 3cm. Insert the scion into the rootstock, align the rootstock with the scion cambium, bind and seal it with plastic film from the bottom to the top, return to the downward winding and tie the knot at the starting position.

3. Splice

Cutting is the main branch grafting method of Hongyebi peach, which is mostly carried out in March to April. The branches with strong growth and full lateral buds of Hongyebi peach were selected as scions, and the lower part of the scion was cut to grow 2~3cm, leaving 5 ~ 6cm of the scion and leaving 2 ~ 3 buds. 1 ~ 2-year-old peach seedlings were selected as rootstocks, cut at the base of the rootstock at the 5cm from the ground, and the side of the rootstock with thick, smooth and straight wood texture was selected. The cutter was used to cut between the xylem and the cortex on one side of the rootstock, and then the long cutting surface of the long scion was inserted into the incision of the rootstock, so that the cambium on both sides or one side of the scion were closely aligned. After the scion is inserted and aligned, immediately wrap the incision cortex of the rootstock in the scion with plastic film, and pay attention to wrapping the whole interface and the cross section of the rootstock with plastic tape.

4. "T" shape budding method

The T-shaped bud grafting method was carried out from June to July. The branches of Hongyebi peach were used as scions, cut at 0.7 ~ 1cm in the lower part of petiole, cut upward at 0.5 ~ 0.7cm above the bud, and then cut 1 knife across the bud at 0.5cm. The bud was about 1.5cm long, wide 0.5cm, without xylem and cut into shield-shaped buds to prevent air drying. Select 1-2-year-old peach seedlings as rootstocks, select the smooth part of the bark and carve it into a "T" shape with a knife, gently pick open the rootstock with the bone handle of the budding knife, insert it into the incision of the rootstock, make the top of the bud piece close to the top of the T-shaped incision, and then bind the wound with a plastic bag.

5. Management after grafting

The survival of Hongyebi peach was examined 15-25 days after grafting. If the scion is fresh, or the bud on the scion has germinated or not germinated, but the interface produces callus, it means that the bud has survived, while the bud has dried up, or the scion has dried up or blackened or even rotted, it means that the scion is dead and needs to be replaced immediately. After the grafting survived, the rootstock will sprout a lot of tillers, which is disadvantageous to the growth of the scion, which should be cut off in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients.

II. Seedling stage management

1. Loosen the soil and weed

The grafted seedlings of Hongyebi peach are weeded manually, and the weeds in the seedbed and "three ditches" are eliminated manually with a hoe or shovel, usually twice a month from May to July, and only once a month from August to October.

2. Water and fertilizer management

The grafted seedlings of red leaf and green peach should keep the soil dry and wet in spring, clear ditches and desilt in the nursery in rainy season, fully water in summer drought, less watering in autumn, and no watering in winter. At the same time, when watering in summer, it can be combined with topdressing at the same time, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer from June to July, and wash seedlings with clean water to fully dilute and melt and promote seedling absorption.

3. Topdressing interval

Generally, topdressing once every 15 days, continuous topdressing 1-2 times, can promote flower bud differentiation. After August, a small amount of potash fertilizer was applied to promote the Lignification of autumn shoots of red leaf green peach seedlings, which was beneficial to the safe overwintering of red leaf green peach.

4. Pest control

The main diseases of red leaf peach are gummy disease, leaf shrinking disease and perforation disease, and the main pests are aphids, red spiders, shell insects and so on; the diseases can be sprayed with Bordeaux solution or stone sulfur mixture with 3 ~ 5 Baume degrees, or with 1000 times of methyl topiramine, and the pests can be sprayed with 1000 times diluted with omethoate.

Third, trim styling

The main shape of Hongyebi peach tree is natural happy shape, which is dried at 50 ~ 60cm to promote the germination of new branches. 3 ~ 4 main branches are selected, and 2 ~ 3 auxiliary branches are left on each main branch. Red leaf green peach is mainly pruned in dormant period, supplemented by pruning in growing period. The main purpose of dormant pruning is to determine the skeleton, to remove cross branches, overlapping branches, thin and weak branches, long branches and so on. During the growing period, pruning is mainly to re-prune after anthesis and to promote heart-to-heart branching in summer, to cut short and long flower branches, to save nutrients, and to make flower buds full and flowers colorful.

Autumn flower cultivation management and protection measures all flowers that pass the high temperature season enter a growth peak in autumn, when the sun is sufficient and the temperature is suitable, the supply of fertilizer and water nutrition should be increased. so that flower plants have a strong nutrient body before the coming of winter. After the beginning of autumn, the temperature gradually drops and the sunshine weakens. For many citizens who like to grow flowers, they need to maintain flowers according to the climatic characteristics of this season to make them spend the autumn and winter smoothly. Autumn flower cultivation management and protection measures 1, general management and protection measures 1, strengthen fertilizer and water management to dormant flowers in winter to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Flowers that are not dormant in winter can still apply nitrogen fertilizer, especially foliage plants should still apply nitrogen fertilizer. However, attention should be paid to the combination of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Reasonable application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve the cold resistance of flowers. Plants that bloom in winter, such as Chrysanthemum morifolium, Prunus bungeanum, cyclamen, poinsettia and Lamei, are vegetative growth periods in early autumn, and fertilizers based on nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in early autumn. When fertilizing such flowers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be given priority to and nitrogen fertilizer should be used as a supplement. Too much nitrogen fertilizer is not conducive to flowering in winter. For flowers and seedlings planted in the open field, the soil is generally neither dry nor watered, but watered thoroughly. Potted flowers should pay attention to frequent watering, watering thoroughly, should not be watered half of the water, the formation of wet and dry, affecting root growth; should also prevent excessive watering, causing rotting roots. After entering autumn, the supply of water should be controlled to promote the maturity of new shoots, so as to prevent flower seedlings from drawing new shoots in late autumn and winter, which is not conducive to overwintering. However, in early autumn or Mid-Autumn Festival, due to the high temperature, flower seedlings produce new shoots, during this period, there should be sufficient water supply to ensure that the new shoots can grow and mature in time. The watering time should be in the morning and afternoon in autumn. Its purpose is to make the water temperature close to the soil temperature, which is conducive to absorption and avoid damage to the root system. Pay attention to the regulation of florescence many flowers are arranged to bloom during New Year's Day and Spring Festival, so they should be cultivated or restrained. If the full sky is a long sunny flower, if it is required to blossom in winter, it must begin to supplement light in early September, generally increasing illumination for 4 hours from 10:00 to 2:00 in the evening for one month in a row. Chrysanthemum is a short-day flower, which must be brightened in order to delay its flowering. The supplementary light also starts from the first and middle of September to the expected 50 days before flowering. For some warm-loving flowers, such as Anthurium andraeanum, Phalaenopsis, etc., it should be heated when the daily average temperature is lower than 15 ℃. Lily cultivation in autumn and winter should not only be heated at low temperature, but also need light to prevent hidden buds. 3. Strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in autumn are as follows: carnation, all over the sky against cabbage green insects, African chrysanthemum against leaf mites, chrysanthemum against cabbage green insects, aphids, lilies against aphids and so on. The main diseases: chrysanthemum spot, rose black spot, powdery mildew, carnation leaf spot, African chrysanthemum spot, etc., the disease should be mainly prevented, pay attention to ventilation, reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and improve plant disease resistance. spray protection and control. 4. Mid-tillage and weeding can loosen topsoil, reduce water evaporation, increase soil moisture, promote air circulation and nutrient decomposition in soil, and create good conditions for root growth and nutrient absorption of flowers. Weeding can prevent weeds and flowers from competing for soil nutrients, moisture and sunlight. Intertillage can weed at the same time, but weeding is not a substitute for intertillage. The depth of intertillage is generally 3 to 5 cm. At the same time, mid-tillage weeding can also help to prevent diseases and insect pests and reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests in the coming year. 5. Reshaping and pruning in autumn should be mainly "light", so as to avoid the weakness of trees and even the death of seedlings caused by "heavy". The main pruning methods are heart-picking, pruning and so on. Based on the natural shape of the plant, plastic surgery is carried out according to the needs. Among them, trees are mainly pruning, highlighting the trunk to ensure that the trunk reaches a certain height before it branches; shrubs mainly through coring to maintain its original shape or promote it to form an ideal shape to expand its crown width. The quality of flowers can be improved by shaping and pruning. Management and protection measures of flower cultivation in autumn 2, management of flowers planted in the courtyard 1, transplanting for the layout of the new courtyard or the transformation of the old courtyard, the flowers planted on the ground can also be transplanted on the premise of taking good soil balls. Transplanting should carry out intensity pruning and strengthen watering and shading management in order to ensure that transplanting is foolproof. 2. Pruning and coring continue to prune the garden hedges and ball ornamental plants with exuberant growth and strong sprouting power, which is also the last pruning of courtyard hedges and balls in the growing season in the northern region in autumn. The main garden hedges and color plants suitable for pruning are: boxwood, French holly, spinulosa Photinia, privet, lobular privet, red leaf Berberis, gold leaf privet, Phnom Penh Platycladus orientalis and so on. Suitable for pruning ball ornamental plants are: Dragon cypress, Shu juniper, red bayberry, wolfberry, holly, heather, Haitong, firethorn, Admiralty and so on. Can be planted on the ground to pick the heart are: a string of red, thousand red, sulfur chrysanthemum, ground skin, marigold, peacock grass and so on. It is appropriate to pick the heart every 10 days to promote it to form a plump plant shape, and give birth to more inflorescences on the lateral shoots, and stop picking the heart after late September. 3. The woody ornamental plants that can be collected are mainly flowers and trees of Magnoliaceae. The seeds of Magnoliaceae, yew, seven-leaf tree, begonia, etc., must be stored in wet sand until early spring next year, and then sow in the field after the seed crack. The seeds of grass flowers that can be harvested are: marigold, zinnia, impatiens, purple jasmine, cockscomb, Catharanthus roseus, wheat straw chrysanthemum, emerald chrysanthemum and so on. Management and protection measures of flower cultivation in autumn 3, garden potted flower management 1, pruning potted chrysanthemums, continue to peel buds and remove buds; pruning rose, pomegranate, Milan, jasmine, pearl orchid, triangular plum, five-colored plum, golden bract, coral flower, etc., after each flower; those tree stump bonsai species that are resistant to pruning, easy germination and exuberant growth should continue to be pruned or picked. 2. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests the number of diseases and insect pests of flowers in autumn is less than that in summer, so the management of diseases and insect pests should give priority to prevention. The red-necked longicorn beetles on potted plum blossom, begonia, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, green peach and other plants can be injected with poison and can also be controlled by burying carbofuran granules. The Japanese tortoise wax scale, cotton blowing scale, shield scale, velvet scale and so on appeared on potted flowers and trees were controlled with 1500 times liquid of 40% speed culling. Management and protection measures of flower cultivation in autumn 4. key points and measures of flower conservation and management after the Beginning of Autumn as an old saying goes, "on the 18th of the Beginning of Autumn, every inch of grass will bear seeds." that is to say, after the Beginning of Autumn, all plants in nature will bear seeds and end their lives. This solar term is also very important for flower growers. Many flowers need to strengthen fertilizer and water management, cut and maintain in autumn, so as to enhance the stress resistance of plants. For example, the soon-to-bloom sweet-scented osmanthus will add some fertilizer and water containing phosphorus and potash, and it will blossom in September; the plum blossom that blossoms in winter will go through deducting water to promote the transformation of leaf buds into flower buds, and the flower buds will be strengthened by increasing the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers. and to protect the leaves from falling off; and orchids should maintain the humidity of the air, prevent autumn dryness, and increase the application of fertilizers containing more phosphorus and potash to promote the growth of Chunlan and Chunhui flower buds. (for example, Chunlan just saw the bud to promote its growth.) Chinese wolfberry should be pruned properly to make the autumn flowers bloom and bear fruit. The early chrysanthemum in the chrysanthemum has big buds, and the big chrysanthemum should also be thinned and crossed, and so on. Therefore, there are still a lot of things about flower management after the Beginning of Autumn. Autumn flower cultivation management and protection measures 1. Irrigation: irrigation should be carried out early and late, avoid irrigation at high temperature at noon, and avoid cold water with large temperature difference. It can be irrigated on the ground, or it can be cooled by foliar spraying. 2. Shading: continue to shade the shade-loving flowers and seedlings to prevent sunburn, such as tortoise back bamboo, rhododendron, asparagus, ferns, orchids and so on. 3, reproduction: (1) sowing: the woody flowers that can be sown are peony, Luohansong, etc., and the seeds can be sown with picking; the plants and flowers that can be sown are petunia, goldfish grass, dry golden lotus, calendula and so on. (2) cutting: herbaceous flowers that can be propagated by cutting are vanilla, Scutellaria barbata, geranium, etc., while woody flowers suitable for cutting propagation are Pueraria lobata, Milan, rhododendron, camellia, Luohansong and so on. (3) grafting: using Magnolia and Magnolia as rootstocks, grafting two Arbor Magnolia; using peach as rootstock, grafting blue peach, purple leaf peach and red leaf plum; using green maple as rootstock, grafting red maple and feather maple; using wild rose as rootstock, grafting modern rose. (4) striping: the flowers and trees that can be reproduced by pressing are: wax plum, Lingxiao, sweet-scented osmanthus, purple magnolia, red maple and so on. (5) ramet: the flowers that can be propagated are: auspicious grass, hairpin, water umbrella grass, Iris, calamus, kidney fern and so on. 4. Fertilizer and water management: flowers with exuberant growth should be fertilized every half month, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to flowers that are blooming. 5. Pruning and picking buds: timely pruning hedges such as Hongji wood, golden leaf privet, French holly, etc.; for flowers and plants such as rose, crape myrtle, Milan, jasmine, etc., should cut off the abortive stem of the remnant flowers and cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, weak branches, etc., to promote its germinating new branches to blossom again. 6. Seed collection: the woody flower seeds that can be harvested are peony, Luohansong, Chimonanthus and so on. Herbaceous flower seeds that can be harvested are: peony, Scutellaria barbata, impatiens, morning glory and so on. Management and protection measures of potted flower cultivation in autumn all flowers that pass through the high temperature season enter a growth peak in autumn, when the sun is sufficient and the temperature is suitable, so that the supply of fertilizer and water nutrition should be increased. so that flower plants have a strong nutrient body before winter comes. After the beginning of autumn, the temperature gradually drops and the sunshine weakens. For many citizens who like to grow flowers, they need to maintain flowers according to the climatic characteristics of this season to make them spend the autumn and winter smoothly. 1. General management and protection measures 1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to dormant flowers in winter. Flowers that are not dormant in winter can still apply nitrogen fertilizer, especially foliage plants should still apply nitrogen fertilizer. However, attention should be paid to the combination of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Reasonable application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve the cold resistance of flowers. Plants that bloom in winter, such as Chrysanthemum morifolium, Prunus bungeanum, cyclamen, poinsettia and Lamei, are vegetative growth periods in early autumn, and fertilizers based on nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in early autumn. When fertilizing such flowers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be given priority to and nitrogen fertilizer should be used as a supplement. Too much nitrogen fertilizer is not conducive to flowering in winter. For flowers and seedlings planted in the open field, the soil is generally neither dry nor watered, but watered thoroughly. Potted flowers should pay attention to frequent watering, watering thoroughly, should not be watered half of the water, the formation of wet and dry, affecting root growth; should also prevent excessive watering, causing rotting roots. After entering autumn, the supply of water should be controlled to promote the maturity of new shoots, so as to prevent flower seedlings from drawing new shoots in late autumn and winter, which is not conducive to overwintering. However, in early autumn or Mid-Autumn Festival, due to the high temperature, flower seedlings produce new shoots, during this period, there should be sufficient water supply to ensure that the new shoots can grow and mature in time. The watering time should be in the morning and afternoon in autumn. Its purpose is to make the water temperature close to the soil temperature, which is conducive to absorption and avoid damage to the root system. Pay attention to the regulation of florescence many flowers are arranged to bloom during New Year's Day and Spring Festival, so they should be cultivated or restrained. If the full sky is a long sunny flower, if it is required to blossom in winter, it must begin to supplement light in early September, generally increasing illumination for 4 hours from 10:00 to 2:00 in the evening for one month in a row. Chrysanthemum is a short-day flower, which must be brightened in order to delay its flowering. The supplementary light also starts from the first and middle of September to the expected 50 days before flowering. For some warm-loving flowers, such as Anthurium andraeanum, Phalaenopsis, etc., it should be heated when the daily average temperature is lower than 15 ℃. Lily cultivation in autumn and winter should not only be heated at low temperature, but also need light to prevent hidden buds. 3. Strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in autumn are as follows: carnation, all over the sky against cabbage green insects, African chrysanthemum against leaf mites, chrysanthemum against cabbage green insects, aphids, lilies against aphids and so on. The main diseases: chrysanthemum spot, rose black spot, powdery mildew, carnation leaf spot, African chrysanthemum spot, etc., the disease should be mainly prevented, pay attention to ventilation, reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and improve plant disease resistance. spray protection and control. 4. Mid-tillage and weeding can loosen topsoil, reduce water evaporation, increase soil moisture, promote air circulation and nutrient decomposition in soil, and create good conditions for root growth and nutrient absorption of flowers. Weeding can prevent weeds and flowers from competing for soil nutrients, moisture and sunlight. Intertillage can weed at the same time, but weeding is not a substitute for intertillage. The depth of intertillage is generally 3 to 5 cm. At the same time, mid-tillage weeding can also help to prevent diseases and insect pests and reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests in the coming year. 5. Reshaping and pruning in autumn should be mainly "light", so as to avoid the weakness of trees and even the death of seedlings caused by "heavy". The main pruning methods are heart-picking, pruning and so on. Based on the natural shape of the plant, plastic surgery is carried out according to the needs. Among them, trees are mainly pruning, highlighting the trunk to ensure that the trunk reaches a certain height before it branches; shrubs mainly through coring to maintain its original shape or promote it to form an ideal shape to expand its crown width. The quality of flowers can be improved by shaping and pruning. 2. Management of flowers planted in the courtyard 1. Transplanting for the layout of the new courtyard or the transformation of the old courtyard, the flowers planted on the ground can also be transplanted on the premise of taking good soil balls. Transplanting should carry out intensity pruning and strengthen watering and shading management in order to ensure that transplanting is foolproof. 2. Pruning and coring continue to prune the garden hedges and ball ornamental plants with exuberant growth and strong sprouting power, which is also the last pruning of courtyard hedges and balls in the growing season in the northern region in autumn. The main garden hedges and color plants suitable for pruning are: boxwood, French holly, spinulosa Photinia, privet, lobular privet, red leaf Berberis, gold leaf privet, Phnom Penh Platycladus orientalis and so on. Suitable for pruning ball ornamental plants are: Dragon cypress, Shu juniper, red bayberry, wolfberry, holly, heather, Haitong, firethorn, Admiralty and so on. Can be planted on the ground to pick the heart are: a string of red, thousand red, sulfur chrysanthemum, ground skin, marigold, peacock grass and so on. It is appropriate to pick the heart every 10 days to promote it to form a plump plant shape, and give birth to more inflorescences on the lateral shoots, and stop picking the heart after late September. 3. The woody ornamental plants that can be collected are mainly flowers and trees of Magnoliaceae. The seeds of Magnoliaceae, yew, seven-leaf tree, begonia, etc., must be stored in wet sand until early spring next year, and then sow in the field after the seed crack. The seeds of grass flowers that can be harvested are: marigold, zinnia, impatiens, purple jasmine, cockscomb, Catharanthus roseus, wheat straw chrysanthemum, emerald chrysanthemum and so on. Management of potted flowers in the courtyard 1. Pruning potted chrysanthemums should continue to peel buds and remove buds; for rose, pomegranate, Milan, jasmine, pearl orchid, triangular plum, five-colored plum, golden bract, coral flower, etc., pruning should be carried out after each flowering; for those tree stump bonsai species that are resistant to pruning, easy germination and exuberant growth, we should continue to prune or pick buds. 2. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests the number of diseases and insect pests of flowers in autumn is less than that in summer, so the management of diseases and insect pests should give priority to prevention. The red-necked longicorn beetles on potted plum blossom, begonia, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, green peach and other plants can be injected with poison and can also be controlled by burying carbofuran granules. The Japanese tortoise wax scale, cotton blowing scale, shield scale, velvet scale and so on appeared on potted flowers and trees were controlled with 1500 times liquid of 40% speed culling. IV. Key points and measures of flower conservation and management after the Beginning of Autumn as an old saying goes, "on the 18th of the Beginning of Autumn, every inch of grass will bear seeds." that is to say, after the Beginning of Autumn, all plants in nature will bear seeds and end their lives. This solar term is also very important for flower growers. Many flowers need to strengthen fertilizer and water management, cut and maintain in autumn, so as to enhance the stress resistance of plants. For example, the soon-to-bloom sweet-scented osmanthus will add some fertilizer and water containing phosphorus and potash, and it will blossom in September; the plum blossom that blossoms in winter will go through deducting water to promote the transformation of leaf buds into flower buds, and the flower buds will be strengthened by increasing the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers. and to protect the leaves from falling off; and orchids should maintain the humidity of the air, prevent autumn dryness, and increase the application of fertilizers containing more phosphorus and potash to promote the growth of Chunlan and Chunhui flower buds. (for example, Chunlan just saw the bud to promote its growth.) Chinese wolfberry should be pruned properly to make the autumn flowers bloom and bear fruit. The early chrysanthemum in the chrysanthemum has big buds, and the big chrysanthemum should also be thinned and crossed, and so on. Therefore, there are still a lot of things about flower management after the Beginning of Autumn. 1. Irrigation: irrigation should be carried out early and late, avoid irrigation at high temperature at noon, and avoid cold water with large temperature difference. It can be irrigated on the ground, or it can be cooled by foliar spraying. 2. Shading: continue to shade the shade-loving flowers and seedlings to prevent sunburn, such as tortoise back bamboo, rhododendron, asparagus, ferns, orchids and so on. 3, reproduction: (1) sowing: the woody flowers that can be sown are peony, Luohansong, etc., and the seeds can be sown with picking; the plants and flowers that can be sown are petunia, goldfish grass, dry golden lotus, calendula and so on. (2) cutting: herbaceous flowers that can be propagated by cutting are vanilla, Scutellaria barbata, geranium, etc., while woody flowers suitable for cutting propagation are Pueraria lobata, Milan, rhododendron, camellia, Luohansong and so on. (3) grafting: using Magnolia and Magnolia as rootstocks, grafting two Arbor Magnolia; using peach as rootstock, grafting blue peach, purple leaf peach and red leaf plum; using green maple as rootstock, grafting red maple and feather maple; using wild rose as rootstock, grafting modern rose. (4) striping: the flowers and trees that can be reproduced by pressing are: wax plum, Lingxiao, sweet-scented osmanthus, purple magnolia, red maple and so on. (5) ramet: the flowers that can be propagated are: auspicious grass, hairpin, water umbrella grass, Iris, calamus, kidney fern and so on. 4. Fertilizer and water management: flowers with exuberant growth should be fertilized every half month, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to flowers that are blooming. 5. Pruning and picking buds: timely pruning hedges such as Hongji wood, golden leaf privet, French holly, etc.; for flowers and plants such as rose, crape myrtle, Milan, jasmine, etc., should cut off the abortive stem of the remnant flowers and cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, weak branches, etc., to promote its germinating new branches to blossom again. 6. Seed collection: the woody flower seeds that can be harvested are peony, Luohansong, Chimonanthus and so on. Herbaceous flower seeds that can be harvested are: peony, Scutellaria barbata, impatiens, morning glory and so on.