Planting value and Seedling-raising and forestation techniques of Carthamus tinctorius

Although safflower lotus originated in the south, because safflower lotus has very high ornamental value (including medicinal value), it is loved by the majority of flower friends, and now it has become a high-quality ornamental tree selected in courtyard scenic spots. As a unique ornamental plant in Shimen Park, it attracts a large number of scholars, photography lovers and tourists every year, driving the development of local tourism. Next, let's take a look at the planting value and planting techniques of Carthamus tinctorius with the editor.

1 planting value of Carthamus tinctorius

1.1 ornamental value

The trunk of safflower lotus can grow to about 12m, and the overall image of the tree is beautiful; safflower lotus is an evergreen tree with a dark green surface and a layer of blue wax powder on the back, which is very beautiful; safflower lotus, as a kind of tree with large flowering quantity, has a very long flowering period, which can last from late December to April of the next year, and the blooming period is from March to April every year, which is of great ornamental value.

1.2 Wood processing

The trunk of Carthamus tinctorius is stout, hard, corrosion-resistant and easy to process. Therefore, it is also a kind of high-quality wood material, which is generally used as furniture, building decoration, vehicle parts and so on, which can not only promote the growth of local forestry economy, but also promote the deep processing of forestry, which is conducive to the economic development of the primary and secondary industries.

1.3 Medical value

Carthamus tinctorius is not only an ornamental plant, but also has medical value. Safflower lotus leaves can be used as medicine, the main effect is the treatment of trauma, especially the treatment of knife wounds is the best. At the same time, safflower lotus leaves can treat hemorrhagic disease. Carthamus tinctorius honey also has medicinal value. Nectar has the effects of dispelling rheumatism, promoting blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis, reducing swelling and pain, etc., and is very effective in the treatment of rheumatism, lumbar muscle strain, swelling and pain, and postpartum wind paralysis.

2 seedling raising technique of Carthamus tinctorius

2.1 Seedling raising

2.1.1 seed collection

Seed breeding should choose high-quality safflower seeds, generally choose strong and pest-free trees with a growth period of more than 15 years, preferably trees with exuberant growth and sufficient light as the mother plant. The time of seed collection is from October to November every year, and the fruit should be observed first when collecting seeds. It is better for the fruit to change from cyan to yellowish green, and it is best to collect before the seeds are cracked. The seeds are collected and air-dried in the shade until the full seeds are selected after the shell is cracked, sealed and stored, and then taken out in the suitable planting season.

2.1.2 sowing

The best time for sowing safflower lotus seeds is in January of each year. Before sowing, the land is leveled. When sowing, the seeds can be fully mixed with fine sand and sown into the land. After sowing, cover the soil with a layer of burning soil (0.3~0.5cm thickness), then cover it with straw and water it. After cleaning up the weeds in the field, dig the 5~10cm deep ring ditch between the plants, spread fertilizer into the ditch and then cover it with topsoil to avoid fertility loss.

2.1.3 Transplant

When the seeds are sown for about 20 days, the seeds have already germinated and unearthed. During this period, the seedlings should be watered frequently to keep the soil moist until the seedlings grow to 3 or 4 leaves, and then they can be transplanted. The main purpose of this transplant is to transplant the seedlings from the soil to the nutrition bag, and to strengthen the water and fertilizer management of the seedlings, until the seedlings grow to 30cm, they can be moved out of the nursery for the next step of afforestation project.

2.2 Cuttage seedling

2.2.1 Seedling bed preparation

The conditions closest to the growth of Carthamus tinctorius should be selected in the seedbed to promote the healthy growth of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings. 80% yellow soil and 20% river sand were fully mixed as the substrate for raising seedlings. Before cutting, the seedling bed was watered and the substrate was wet, and then the soil was disinfected with 0.25% potassium permanganate solution to avoid the presence of viruses and bacteria in the soil and substrate, affecting the growth of seedlings.

2.2.2 cuttings treatment

When cutting mother plants and cuttings, try to choose Carthamus tinctorius which is free of diseases and insect pests and grows well. After selecting the mother plant, the annual branches that have been lignified in the sunny side are selected as cuttings, and the length of cuttings is usually 6~8cm. When collecting cuttings, the incision should be flat and downhill to reduce the trauma to the mother plant, and when necessary, the incision should be smeared with chemicals to avoid infection and affect the growth of trees. For the cuttings that had been collected, the basal 2~4cm was soaked in naphthalene acetic acid solution of 2000mg/L for 30 minutes, which could achieve the purpose of disinfection and improve the survival rate of cuttings.

2.2.3 Cuttage

Carthamus tinctorius seedlings are raised by cutting, and cuttings are generally cut obliquely. The depth of cuttings should not be too deep or too shallow, and it is better to keep it at about 1 / 2 of the cuttings. The cuttings should be watered thoroughly after they are inserted into the soil. It is best to build a small arch shed with iron bar or bamboo pole and cover it with plastic film, which can not only keep warm and cold, but also maintain indoor humidity and improve the survival rate of cutting seedlings.

2.3 tissue culture

2.3.1 Surface sterilization

First of all, the prepared stem segments of safflower with axillary buds should be sterilized as follows: 10s+0.1%HgCl2 was sterilized with 75% alcohol for 8 minutes, while for stem segments with terminal buds, 10s+0.1%HgCl2 was sterilized with 75% alcohol for 5 minutes. After disinfection and sterilization, all the bacteria on the surface of leaf buds will be killed, which can greatly reduce the death rate of tissue, help to reduce the culture cost and reduce the economic loss.

2.3.2 Primary culture

In order to cultivate the primary tissue, we can use the combination of the most suitable medium formula, such as MS+6-1.5mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L.

2.3.3 subculture

The best combination for subculture is WPM+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L, and the multiplication ratio can reach 4.2 by using this formula.

2.3.4 rooting culture

The most suitable formula for rooting is 1/2WPM+NAA 0.2mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L, which can make the plants of Carthamus tinctorius grow healthily, the rooting time is significantly shortened (16 days), and the rooting rate of plants can reach 84.34%. After rooting, Carthamus tinctorius can be transplanted, and the best substrate is the mixture of peat and vermiculite, the ratio of which is 1 ∶ 1.

(3) afforestation technique of safflower lotus

3.1 Land consolidation

To do a good job of land leveling before afforestation, it is required that the surface of the land should be smooth and that there are no oversized clods. Carthamus tinctorius is usually used in the hole. After the land is leveled, the hole is dug. The size of the hole is about 50cm × 50cm × 40cm, and the row spacing between plants is 2.5m × 3m. After digging, it is necessary to apply base fertilizer in the hole, usually choose compound fertilizer, fertilize 0.15kg in each hole, and then apply calcium superphosphate of 0.2~0.25kg.

3.2 Seedling planting

The transplanting time of seedlings is the most suitable in spring, and the planting time is generally completed before April, and the best planting time is after rain. Because the soil is relatively moist at this time, after the safflower lotus nutrition bag is opened, the soil balls along with the roots are put into the dug tree hole, so that the seedlings are righted, the soil around the right side is compacted with their feet, and the saplings should be checked regularly after transplanting. If dead plants are found, they should be cleared and replanted in time.

3.3 Field management

Tending should be carried out for the seedlings that have been transplanted, usually for three consecutive years, twice a year. The first time is from May to June, and the second time is from October to November. The main work of tending work is to clean up weeds, loose soil at roots and fertilization. in addition, it is also necessary to do a good job in pest control of Carthamus tinctorius, spraying trichlorfon with a concentration of 90% regularly during the growing period, or 80% marathon emulsion with 500 times 600 times liquid to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

Introduction of Rhodoleia championii safflower lotus: safflower lotus how to raise / safflower lotus how to propagate safflower lotus business card safflower lotus Rhodoleia championii introduction of safflower lotus is a kind of evergreen tall tree of safflower lotus genus, living in middle altitude, often as a wood species. It is distributed in Guangdong Province. Safflower lotus, native to southern China, was first discovered by Captain Zhan Pan (Captain Champion) on the hillside of Aberdeen in 1849. Carthamus tinctorius is suitable for planting near water, sunny and sheltered places, and is widely planted for ornamental purposes. Morphological characteristics of Carthamus tinctorius the whole plant height: up to 9 meters foliage: evergreen tree branches: trunk high and straight, branches expanded, more branches. Bark: the bark is brown with irregular cracks. There are white nodes evenly distributed on the bark. Leaves: leaves alternate, simple, lanceolate, leaves up to 15 cm long. The leaf end is obtuse, the base suddenly narrows, the edge is entire, the leaf quality is hard. The leaf surface is dark green, the back of the leaf is light, covered with a bluish wax powder; the petiole is reddish, clustered at the end of the branch. Flowers: flowers are bisexual, arranged irregularly and bloom from mid-winter to early spring. The flowers are crimson, bell-shaped, and about every five gather at the ends of branches or leaf axils, forming heads surrounded by four or five rounds of ferruginous imbracts. Fruit: a woody capsule, about 1 cm in diameter, containing 20 to 30 irregularly shaped grayish brown seeds. When ripe, split at the top and release seeds. Evergreen trees 12 meters high, twigs quite stout, glabrous, wrinkled after drying, dark brown. Leaves thickly leathery, ovate, 7-13 cm long and 4.5-6.5 cm wide, apex obtuse or slightly acute, base broadly cuneate, with Ternate veins, dark green above, shiny, gray-white below, glabrous, with numerous tubercles after drying; lateral veins 7-9 pairs, conspicuous on both sides, reticulate veins inconspicuous; petiole 3-5.5 cm long. Head 3-4 cm long, often curved; inflorescence stalk 2-3 cm long, scaly bracteoles 5-6, involucral bracts ovoid, unequal in size, uppermost larger, brown pubescent; calyx tube short, apex truncate; petals spatulate, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 6-8 mm wide, red; stamens as long as petals, filaments glabrous; ovary glabrous, style slightly shorter than stamens. Capitate inflorescences 2.5-3.5 cm wide, with 5 capsules; capsule ovoid, 1.2 cm long, without persistent style, pericarp thin woody, upper half 4-lobed after drying; seeds flattened, yellowish brown. The florescence is from March to April. The ecological habits of Carthamus tinctorius are neutral and sunny. The young trees of Carthamus tinctorius are shade tolerant and prefer light in adulthood. The annual average temperature is 19 ℃ to 22 ℃, and the absolute low temperature is-4.5 ℃. It is suitable for red-yellow soil and red soil (acidic to slightly acidic soil) produced by granite and sand shale. In deep and fertile slopes, it can grow into large-diameter wood, and it can also grow on dry and barren ridges. The 10-year-old tree is 7 to 8 meters tall and 15 to 18 centimeters in DBH. The interspecific differences of Carthamus tinctorius are distributed in the middle and west of Guangdong. Wild species of central Guangdong and Hong Kong, whose flowers are 3 cm long, but the cultivated species have the largest flowers in this genus. For those specimens distributed in the mountains of western Guangdong, the flowers become shorter and the petals are slightly narrower, but the leaves remain ovate, which can be distinguished from R. parvipetala. The flower that distinguishes the characteristic safflower lotus is like a hanging bell, and it is quite large, so it is also called "hanging bell king", but do not confuse the flower of safflower lotus with the hanging bell flower, the two belong to different families. The leaves of Carthamus tinctorius are hard, smooth and hairless, the leaves are dark green and slightly glossy, and the back of the leaves is light green, covered with a bluish wax powder; the petiole is reddish. Know a little more about Carthamus tinctorius, which is protected by the Forestry rules of Chapter 96A of the laws of Hong Kong and is a protected plant. The garden use of safflower lotus has the advantages of light material, fine structure and beautiful color, which can be used as furniture, cars and boats, plywood and veneer materials. The seed of Carthamus tinctorius was collected and matured from October to early November, and the fruit changed from gray-green to yellowish green when the fruit was ripe. The capsule will crack after ripening and the seeds will be scattered, so it should be harvested in time. After harvest, dry until the fruit shell is cracked, sift the seeds and store them dry. The weight of 1000 seeds is 2.5 to 4 grams, and the germination rate is only 7% to 8%. The method of raising seedlings can be raised in containers, sowing with picking or sowing in the following spring-month. As the seeds are small, the soil preparation should be meticulous before sowing. When sowing, the seeds should be mixed with fine soil and sowed evenly. After sowing, cover with fine soil to see no seeds, and sprinkle pine needles to cover, drench enough water. About 20 days after sowing, the seeds germinated and unearthed. After the seedlings grow 3 to 4 leaves, move to the nutrition bag to cultivate, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, the seedling height of 30 cm can be afforestation. Planting techniques of safflower lotus to build mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest: select sparse and sparse Chinese fir woodland with an altitude of 400m to 600m above sea level, mix safflower lotus in the middle and lower part of the hillside, open holes according to the row spacing of 2x2 meters, and plant after rain from January to early March in spring. Within 3 years after afforestation, weed and loosen the soil once or twice a year to promote the growth of young trees. Build evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest: it can be mixed with camphor, Photinia, pinnacle, Liquidambar formosana and other tree species, the mixed proportion is 1:4, that is, safflower accounts for 20% to 25%, and the mixed method is uniform and irregular planting to form an artificial community similar to natural forest. Garden planting: choose two or three-year-old large seedlings with soil, open holes in 50x50x40 cm, apply rotten organic fertilizer, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and promote growth and development. Dietotherapy or Medicinal value of Carthamus tinctorius the medical information and health dietotherapy information of Carthamus tinctorius are for reference only and can not be used as the basis of diagnosis and medical treatment. Any health problems should consult professional health care personnel, the treatment of any disease, please follow the doctor's advice. The ultimate task of protecting flowers: to love yourself, proceed from reality and follow the doctor's advice. For disease, do not be careless, do not postpone, do not give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and protect the inner flower field with your heart. The medical content of Huanhua net is for reference only and cannot be regarded as professional advice. If you have any health problems, you should consult professional medical staff. Medicinal information [drug name]: Carthamus tinctorius [source]: it is the leaf of Hamamelidaceae. [effect]: promoting blood circulation to stop bleeding. [main treatment]: it is used for the treatment of hemorrhagic disease caused by cold coagulation. [classics of nature and taste]: Xin, Wen. Enter the liver meridian. [usage]: for internal use: 9-15 grams, fried in water. External use: apply the affected area at the end of the study. [alias]: Rhododendron ("botanical term") [distribution of animal and plant resources]: distributed in central and western Guangdong and coastal islands. [Latin name]: Khodoleia championii Hook f [textual Research]: first published in the Atlas of higher plants of China. [chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine]: this product contains alkaloids. Safflower lotus cultural background "safflower lotus": "natural beauty hidden deep mountains, like to practice wood to know flower immortals." The green leaves and clouds are green, and the red flowers are dyed by the sun. Rolling green waves to meet the wind, bursts of fragrance floating in the clouds. The golden bell hangs high and the lotus is beautiful, and the heart is connected with Amu Yong. " It is said that during the Ming Dynasty, there was a beautiful village called Taoyuan Village (now Qincaitang Village, Magui Town, Gaozhou City) in the mountainous area north of Gaozhou City. In a scholarly family in the village, there is a daughter named Li Honghe, who looks like her name, just like a graceful effluent lotus, ice and jade clean and otherworldly. In the neighboring village, there is a young man named Lianmu, born with a beautiful face, extraordinary demeanor, and a man of talent. The two of them grew up together without guessing, made an oath as early as the month, gave each other gifts, and will never be separated. However, the county master of Gaozhou heard that there was such a beautiful woman who asked his son to marry her and sent people to propose marriage many times. Hong he's parents refused, and Hong he swore not to obey. The anxious Li and Lian families discussed to deal with the marriage of Honghe and Ah Mu early and let them fly away. On the day the Red Lotus got married, the county master sent a large team of men to take away the Red Lotus. When taking the red lotus out of the entrance of the village, the red lotus jumped into the deep valley by the side of the road without fear. When A Mu's wedding team arrived, A Mu found that Red Lotus had left him, sadly in his heart, and then jumped into the boundless valley. Castle Peak is speechless, the sky shed tears. Ah Mu and Honghe wrote an everlasting song of love with their lives. Cultivation techniques of Carthamus tinctorius

Safflower lotus (RhodoleiachampioniiHook.f.), alias red bract, belongs to evergreen trees of Hamamelidaceae. Its trunk is straight, with a height of up to 30 meters and a breast diameter of 80 cm. Flowering from late December to March every year, the flower color is purple, the petal edge is milky white and peach red, shaped like a hanging bell, but also like a lotus, hence the name safflower lotus. Because of its beautiful flowers, long flowering period, and can blossom around the Spring Festival, it has become a good tree species for urban greening in Guangzhou.

Carthamus tinctorius used to "live in seclusion in the mountains". After it was discovered by forestry workers in recent years, it is considered to be an excellent woody flower and gradually introduced into garden and ecological landscape forest. The safflower lotus, which was introduced to Liuxihe National Forest Park ten years ago as a garden ornamental tree, is now in full bloom. The scheme of "Shenzhen Ecological Landscape Forest Construction Project", designed by the investigation, Planning and Design Institute of the State Forestry Administration, also uses safflower lotus and yellow locust, Phoenix wood, kapok, maple incense, Sapium sebiferum and red bean as the four seasons color tree species of ecological landscape forest.

As a neutral sunny tree species, the young trees of Carthamus tinctorius are shade-tolerant and prefer light in adulthood. The annual average temperature is 19 ℃ to 22 ℃, and the absolute low temperature is-4.5 ℃. It is suitable for red-yellow soil and red soil (acidic to slightly acidic soil) produced by granite and sand shale. In deep and fertile slopes, it can grow into large-diameter wood, and it can also grow on dry and barren ridges. The 10-year-old tree is 7 to 8 meters tall and 15 to 18 centimeters in DBH. Light material, fine structure, beautiful color, can be used for furniture, cars and boats, plywood and plywood. The brief introduction of cultivation techniques is as follows:

Seed collection: the seeds mature from October to early November, and the fruit changes from grayish green to yellowish green when the fruit is ripe. The capsule will crack after ripening and the seeds will be scattered, so it should be harvested in time. After harvest, dry until the fruit shell is cracked, sift the seeds and store them dry. The weight of 1000 seeds is 2.5 to 4 grams, and the germination rate is only 7% to 8%.

Seedling raising method: container seedling can be used, sowing with picking or sowing in January of the following spring. As the seeds are small, the soil preparation should be meticulous before sowing. When sowing, the seeds should be mixed with fine soil and sowed evenly. After sowing, cover with fine soil to see no seeds, and sprinkle pine needles to cover, drench enough water.

Raising seedlings in separate bags: about 20 days after sowing, the seeds germinated and unearthed. After the seedlings grow 3 to 4 leaves, move to the nutrition bag to cultivate, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, the seedling height of 30 cm can be afforestation.

Afforestation methods: (1) build coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest: select sparse and loose Chinese fir woodland with an altitude of 400 to 600 meters above sea level, mix safflower lotus in the middle and lower part of the hillside, open holes according to the row spacing of 2 × 2 meters, and plant after rain from January to early March in spring. Within 3 years after afforestation, weed and loosen the soil once or twice a year to promote the growth of young trees.

(2) to build evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest: it can be mixed with Cinnamomum camphora, Phyllanthus angustifolia, Pinus elliottii, Liquidambar formosana and other tree species, the mixing ratio is 1:4, that is, safflower accounts for 20% to 25%, and the mixing method is uniform and irregular planting to form an artificial community similar to natural forest.

(3) Garden planting: select two or three-year-old large seedlings with soil, open holes of 50 × 50 × 40 cm, apply rotten organic fertilizer, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and promote growth and development.