Propagation methods and soilless cultivation techniques of Rhododendron

Rhododendron is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. There are more than 900 species of rhododendron in the world and more than 530 species in China. Because azaleas are short plants, blossom in four seasons, double flowers, and high ornamental value, they can often be seen in residential areas and squares. Today, what the editor wants to talk about is the breeding methods of rhododendrons and their soilless cultivation techniques.

1 morphological characteristics

Azaleas are evergreen, semi-evergreen, deciduous shrubs or small trees, with plant heights ranging from 0.4 to 4m and very short brown or brown hairs on twigs. Flowers terminal or axillary, funnel-shaped or bell-shaped, bract flowers, Corolla diameter of 2~6cm, white, yellow, pink, orange, green lotus red, rose red and other flowers, stamens 5-10. Fruit a capsule, ovary 3-5-loculed, seeds minute.

2 ecological habits

Azaleas like shady environment, avoid sun exposure, and their cold resistance varies greatly from place of origin. Rhododendron is a typical acid soil plant, which grows well in the environment with 31.63 ~ 316.3 μ mol / L (pH5.5~4.5) hydrogen ion concentration. In the gardens of northern China, there are no patches of azaleas cultivated in the open field so far. in the alkaline environment, the leaves of azaleas turn yellow due to lack of iron and manganese, resulting in shedding and death. The mechanism of alkali to leaf chlorosis is still unknown.

3Propagation methods

The methods of propagation include sowing, cuttage, striping, grafting, plant division and so on. Cutting and grafting can maintain the heredity of varieties and form commercial production technology; sowing is conducive to cross breeding and breeding of excellent individual plants; cuttings use green branches and select semi-lignified branches with high survival rate in plum rain season. Cutting substrate is also one of the key factors affecting its survival. Rhododendron cutting requires rich nutrition, good ventilation and water conditions around the base of the cuttings, which can be provided by aerosol culture and perlite culture. The grafting method can give full play to the advantages of the root system of rootstocks and the excellent characteristics of scions, and cultivate a single plant that combines the advantages of both. The scion takes the tender tip of the superior variety, removes the lower leaves, leaves only the top 3-4 leaflets, cuts the base into a wedge, and the cutting surface is long 0.5~1.0cm. The rootstocks used are "imperial concubine drunk", "jade butterfly" and "purple butterfly". Generally, the original species of rhododendron is not used.

4 soilless cultivation and management

4.1 Matrix

4.1.1 provide acidic environment: such as pine needles, peat, sawdust, etc., all belong to acidic matrix.

4.1.2 the roots in the substrate are not air-dried because of dry weather: rhododendron roots can easily die from air-drying, so it is best to choose a mixture of peat and vermiculite or perlite.

4.1.3 soil conservation, fertilizer conservation and ventilation: correctly handle the relationship between acidity, aeration, water and fertilizer conservation. Under the condition of no leakage at the bottom of the basin, first of all, the acidity of the matrix should be at a hydrogen ion concentration of 3.16 ~ 31.63 μ mol/ / L (pH5.5~4.5), while maintaining good ventilation, nutrition and water can be guaranteed by watering and irrigation of nutrient solution.

4.2 requirements for nutrient solution cultivation

4.2.1 pH: hydrogen ion concentration 3.16-31.63 μ mol/ / L (pH5.5~4.5), keeping the most suitable environmental acidity for rhododendron roots.

4.2.2 Total nutrition: supply all kinds of nutrients according to the growth needs of rhododendron, otherwise it is easy to cause single salt toxicity.

4.2.3 large acid-base buffer capacity: the hydrogen ion concentration of nutrient solution does not decrease obviously with the addition of alkaline.

4.3 watering

The rhododendron is not tolerant to alkali. The concentration of hydrogen ions in groundwater used in cities is usually lower than 100nmol / L (pH is higher than 7). When watering with groundwater, it is easy to cause rhododendron leaves to turn yellow, fall off and die, so in order to avoid this situation, a water tank can be set up where rhododendrons are planted, and the water in the tank can be dried in the sun for a few days. At the same time, you can also use vinegar essence or edible vinegar to adjust the hydrogen ion concentration of the water, about 1 tablespoon of edible vinegar hook to the water 500mL.

4.4 Management

The main management methods of rhododendron are shade bogey, cool bogey, acid bogey, thin fat bogey.

Key points of cultivation techniques of rhododendron 1. The choice of land preparation should be warm and humid, light is not too strong, cool climate, fertile soil, acid soil rich in humus, neutral soil with pH below 7 or pH=5-6, good drainage and ventilation.

two。 Breeding method

The main results are as follows: (1) in the method of seed propagation, most rhododendrons can bear fruit and collect seeds, but the double petals are not fruiting. General seed maturity from October to January each year, when the pericarp from green to yellow to brown, the top of the fruit split, seeds begin to scatter, at this time should be harvested at any time. The final cracking browning is collected, put in a well-ventilated place to cool, make it naturally crack, and then remove the fruit shell and other impurities, put it in a paper bag or cloth bag, and store it in a cool ventilated place. If there is a greenhouse, the germination rate of sowing with picking is high. General sowing time from March to April, use pot sowing, because the seeds are small, wash the inside and outside of the basin, dry in the sun, sterilize and disinfect the soil, and install a basin with good permeability, moist and fertile acid soil rich in organic matter. In order to produce seedlings evenly, the seeds are mixed with some fine soil, sprinkled into the basin and covered with a thin layer of fine soil, and the watering method is used to infiltrate the basin into the basin. Put the basin on the front windowsill and cover it with a layer of glass or plastic film, in order to increase the temperature in the basin. After the seedling is unearthed, the covering time is gradually reduced, because the seedling is tender and small, pay attention to temperature change, sudden high and low change, strong light irradiation. The seedlings grew very slowly, and only 2-3 true leaves grew from May to June. At this time, the first transplanting was done in the room, the row spacing was 2-3cm, the seedling height was 2-3cm (about November), one big seedling was transplanted in the 10cm pot, and three small seedlings were planted. Use a fine spray can to water and light fat water. The greenhouse came out in the spring of the second year after sowing and was maintained in the shade. In the 13.3cm pot in June, the plant was 20cm high in the third year, and several branches also had flower buds. In the 16.7cm pot, the pot was changed year by year according to the size of the plant.

(2) cutting is the most commonly used propagation method of rhododendron. Except for a few that can not take root, cutting can survive, easy to collect, easy to operate, and can retain the excellent characteristics of the variety. It can be cut for one year, and the best time is from May to June, followed by August to September. However, due to different varieties and different times, western cuckoo from late May to early June, rhododendron in early June, eastern cuckoo and summer cuckoo from mid-June to late June.

Selection of cuttings: cuttings can be selected for robust growth, free from diseases and insect pests, new shoots, semi-mature branches, and lignified shoots that grow in the same year, and the terminal branches outside the crown are the best. in principle, the mother plant has 3 new shoots, one as cuttings and two as cuttings with lengths of 5-7cm, 6-8cm and 8-10cm, respectively, and the over-long branches can cut off the top shoots and remove the lower leaves. Leave 4-5 leaflets at the upper end and insert them as you pick.

Pot insertion method: wash and disinfect the basin, load the basin soil, fill the bottom with coarse-grained soil 1 beat 3, install 2 beat 3 fine soil, drill holes, insert the cuttings into 1 inch 2-1 stroke 3, spacing 3cm, and water the cuttings with a fine hole spray pot.

Ground insertion method: brick around 15-20cm high, 80-l00cm wide, filled with coarse-grained soil, fine soil, the same method; basin insertion. The above two methods should be under semi-overcast conditions. Build a shade shed to prevent the side sun and hanging curtains, keep the air humidity at 85%, pay attention to the management of moisture, always keep the cuttings fresh, do not lose leaves, so that you can take root in a month.

(3) Graft propagation

① depends on the connection is more troublesome, after survival, the appearance is not very beautiful, large-scale production is not suitable. The method is: in the growing season, select the scion and rootstock, in the appropriate part, smooth no node, each cut one knife, the length of the cutting surface is 3-4cm, and the depth is as deep as xylem. Align the two cambium, fasten the wound with a plastic bag, heal the wound for 4-5 months, cut off the scion from the mother, cut off above the interface of the rootstock, and turn it into a separate plant. The method is sure of survival and will soon become a tree with quick results. If it is not alive, it will not lose much to the plant.

The method of ② twig split grafting is mostly carried out from May to June, with exuberant plant growth, many scion resources, moderate old and tender, rapid healing, and the survival rate is more than 90%. Rootstock selection, cuckoo cutting for 2 years, terminal bifurcation, scion with high ornamental value, disease-free and pest-free 3cm long scion, with 3-4 fine leaves on the top, all the lower leaves removed, cut into a wedge-shaped length of 0.5-lcm, cut off at the base of the new shoot of the rootstock at 2-3cm, and cut a knife in the center, which is a little longer than the cutting surface of the scion. Insert the scion to match the cambium on one or both sides. Tie it tightly with a plastic bag, cover the scion and the interface with a plastic bag, and tie a transparent bag at the bottom of the interface to prevent rain and keep the temperature. Usually keep the temperature in the bag, prevent direct sunlight, give some fat and water, cut off the sprouts of the rootstock in time, and remove the bag after 2 months.

The ventral grafting of ③ twigs was in mid-May to late May, and the rhododendron was still taken as rootstock and cut obliquely to the xylem at the base 6-7cm. The length of the scion was 0.5-lcm, but the front was long and short, the long side was inserted inside, the short one was facing outward, the cover was cut, the cambium was aligned, bagged and placed in the dry shade.

(4) striping propagation is mostly carried out between May and June, which can be divided into two methods: one is high-altitude striping, the other is low striping method.

① high-altitude pressing selected 2-3-year-old branches, cut a ring in the appropriate part, deep to the xylem, width 0.5cm, remove the skin, and then cut the bamboo tube, long 8cm, diameter 2-3cm, one side with nodes, split from the middle, according to the diameter of the plant, dig semicircular holes, two semicircular bamboo tubes were sheathed at the cut. The tube is filled with acidic soil and watered to keep the soil moist. After 3 months, many fibrous roots grow inside, which can be cut off from the mother plant and cultivated in a basin.

② low pressure propagation is to make use of the sprouting branches of rhododendron planted in the ground, cut into rings, peel off the skin, bury them in the soil, water them after 3 days, keep the soil moist, and find that the whisker root grows, separated from the mother plant, and cultivated in the pot after 3 months.

3. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) soil treatment at present, the ornamental rhododendron in the garden is mainly potted, which is beneficial to meet the ecological conditions of different varieties. In cultivation, the requirement of soil is mainly acidic soil, and pH must be less than 6. No matter what kind of soil is used, it is necessary to carry out soil disinfection, full ripening, fermentation and alternating treatment of high and low temperature before cultivation, and it can only be used after one year. Among them, the best soil is forest humus soil, or self-prepared pine needle soil, with withered branches and leaves, adding a small amount of horse dung and sheep dung, and after picking it up, add fertile soil at the bottom of the mountain root. Add withered cake, human dung, pig dung, chicken and duck manure, calcium superphosphate, etc., plus 1x3 sandy loam, Huangshan soil, rotten leaf soil (litter, add manure) followed.

(2) before transplanting and changing the pot, the basin has no water hole, cover it with several tiles, fill a layer of coarse-grained soil, then fill the fine soil of the next year, plant a seedling in the middle of the pot to stretch the root, add soil to the rhizome, compaction, shake the basin to flatten the soil surface. Spray small, until the pot flower dripping water, after 7-10 days to cover the basin stage, before and after the room, should be placed in the greenhouse semi-shady place.

The reason for changing the pot is that after the plant grows up, it can not meet the ecological conditions, so it is necessary to change the new culture soil, take off some shrinking soil from the old pot, stretch the surrounding roots, cut off the diseased roots, and operate as above. It is usually changed every 2-3 years. Large plants for 3-5 years, extra-large can not be changed, topdressing and other technical measures are applied to the space of azaleas to keep the relative humidity above 70%.

(3) watering cuckoos are best watered by Rain Water, river, lake, pond and fish culture water. Alkaline water, well water and tap water are prohibited. In fact, the temperature of the well water is similar to that of the air. The tap water should be dechlorinated and volatilized for several days. Alkali water and sulfuric acid are added to correct pH. The amount of water should be different according to different growth stages, and the dormancy period should be less. Cuckoos in the south of the Yangtze River bloom from November to February and from March to June, and their vigorous growth should be watered more, watered once a day in sunny days, and replenished in some evenings. During the rainy season, pay attention to drainage, check every hour from July to August, and water the basin when it is dry. At the same time, the leaves are sprayed, watered in winter morning, watered in summer morning, and watered in spring and autumn except noon. In the indoor heated greenhouse, once every 2-3 days and 4-5 days without heating, the temperature rises in late February, the flower buds begin to swell, the leaf buds sprout, and the amount of water increases appropriately.

(4) there are base fertilizer, long-term hoof, nail slice, bone powder, cake fertilizer, dung and so on, which are mixed with soil when pots are put on or changed. Topdressing fertilizer uses human manure, chemical fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer. Cuckoos should be fertilized with different fertilizers at different growth stages. Apply more phosphate fertilizer before flowering to promote flowering, large flowering, thick petals, good color, long flowering period, once every 10 days, 2-3 times. Stop fertilizing during flowering. After flowering, in order to restore the tree potential, promote the shoot to grow leaves, apply nitrogen fertilizer, stop growing in the high temperature season (July-August), it is not easy to apply fertilizer. Before entering the room in autumn is the bud stage, apply more phosphate fertilizer, once every 7-10 days, and stop fertilization in winter dormant period.

The principles of fertilization should be mastered: fertilizer should be fully mature, apply thin fertilizer frequently, and it is forbidden to apply fertilizer on leaves, in sunny days, when the basin soil is dry, in the evening, and the next morning.

(5) pruning in order to maintain the beautiful appearance of rhododendron trees, it is necessary to prune too many branches and overgrown branches, buds, buds and other parts every year. When the rhododendron tree grows to a certain height, remove the top bud, control the height and germinate lateral branches. After picking the heart, many lateral branches grow, showing a whorled shape. The lateral branches grow to a certain height, and then pick the heart. Secondary lateral branches germinated.

Bud peeling: when the bud grows to a certain extent, remove the tip of the bud to prevent the flower from blooming too much to waste nutrients. At the same time, the adventitious buds should be erased. In order to maintain the beauty of the tree shape, we should strengthen the tree potential, renew the branches, adjust the ventilation conditions, and cut off those weak branches, diseased branches, withered branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, overdense branches and long branches from the base. The old plants should be pruned and rejuvenated, and the branches can be left and 30cm left or right to cut off the upper part before the new buds germinate in early spring. Can not be cut at once, carried out in stages, each cut 1 beat 3-1 hit 5, cut short, 3-5 years to complete. This does not affect flower appreciation, and careful management and fertilization after pruning can keep the plant growth prosperous for a long time.

The latest information

Improvement of abdominal grafting technique of Ginkgo biloba in autumn key techniques of cutting propagation of rhododendron

1. The choice of land preparation should be warm and humid, light is not too strong, cool climate, fertile soil, acid soil rich in humus, neutral soil with pH below 7 or pH=5-6, good drainage and ventilation.

two。 Reproduction method

The main results are as follows: (1) in the method of seed propagation, most rhododendrons can bear fruit and collect seeds, but the double petals are not fruiting. General seed maturity from October to January each year, when the pericarp from green to yellow to brown, the top of the fruit split, seeds begin to scatter, at this time should be harvested at any time. The final cracking browning is collected, put in a well-ventilated place to cool, make it naturally crack, and then remove the fruit shell and other impurities, put it in a paper bag or cloth bag, and store it in a cool ventilated place. If there is a greenhouse, the germination rate of sowing with picking is high. General sowing time from March to April, use pot sowing, because the seeds are small, wash the inside and outside of the basin, dry in the sun, sterilize and disinfect the soil, and install a basin with good permeability, moist and fertile acid soil rich in organic matter. In order to produce seedlings evenly, the seeds are mixed with some fine soil, sprinkled into the basin and covered with a thin layer of fine soil, and the watering method is used to infiltrate the basin into the basin. Put the basin on the front windowsill and cover it with a layer of glass or plastic film, in order to increase the temperature in the basin. After the seedling is unearthed, the covering time is gradually reduced, because the seedling is tender and small, pay attention to temperature change, sudden high and low change, strong light irradiation. The seedlings grew very slowly, and only 2-3 true leaves grew from May to June. At this time, the first transplanting was done in the room, the row spacing was 2-3cm, the seedling height was 2-3cm (about November), one big seedling was transplanted in the 10cm pot, and three small seedlings were planted. Use a fine spray can to water and light fat water. The greenhouse came out in the spring of the second year after sowing and was maintained in the shade. In the 13.3cm pot in June, the plant was 20cm high in the third year, and several branches also had flower buds. In the 16.7cm pot, the pot was changed year by year according to the size of the plant.

(2) cutting is the most commonly used propagation method of rhododendron. Except for a few that can not take root, cutting can survive, easy to collect, easy to operate, and can retain the excellent characteristics of the variety. It can be cut for one year, and the best time is from May to June, followed by August to September. However, due to different varieties and different times, western cuckoo from late May to early June, rhododendron in early June, eastern cuckoo and summer cuckoo from mid-June to late June.

Selection of cuttings: cuttings can be selected for robust growth, free from diseases and insect pests, new shoots, semi-mature branches, and lignified shoots that grow in the same year, and the terminal branches outside the crown are the best. in principle, the mother plant has 3 new shoots, one as cuttings and two as cuttings with lengths of 5-7cm, 6-8cm and 8-10cm, respectively, and the over-long branches can cut off the top shoots and remove the lower leaves. Leave 4-5 leaflets at the upper end and insert them as you pick.

Pot insertion method: wash and disinfect the basin, load the basin soil, fill the bottom with coarse-grained soil 1 beat 3, install 2 beat 3 fine soil, drill holes, insert the cuttings into 1 inch 2-1 stroke 3, spacing 3cm, and water the cuttings with a fine hole spray pot.

Ground insertion method: brick around 15-20cm high, 80-l00cm wide, filled with coarse-grained soil, fine soil, the same method

Insert the basin. The above two methods should be under semi-overcast conditions. Build a shade shed to prevent the side sun and hanging curtains, and protect the air humidity

Keep it at 85%, pay attention to the management of moisture, always keep the cuttings fresh, do not lose leaves, so that you can take root in a month.

(3) Graft propagation

① It is troublesome to abut, the appearance is not beautiful after survival, and large-scale production is not suitable. The method is: in the growing season, select scion and rootstock, in the appropriate part, smooth node-free place, each cut a knife, cut surface length 3-4cm, deep and xylem. Align the cambium of the two, bind them tightly with plastic bags, heal the wound in 4-5 months, cut off the scion from the mother, cut off the rootstock above the interface, and become an independent plant. This method is sure to survive, quickly become a tree, the effect is also fast. If it is not viable, there is little loss to the plant.

(2) The method of young branch cleavage is mostly carried out in May and June, the plants grow vigorously, the scion resources are abundant, the age and tenderness are moderate, the healing is rapid, and the survival rate is as high as 90%. selecting rootstock, cutting 2-year-old cuckoo with no branching, selecting scion with high ornamental value and no disease and insect pests, leaving 3-4 fine leaves on the upper part, removing all lower leaves, cutting into wedge shape with length of 0.5- 1cm, cutting the base of rootstock new shoot at 2-3cm, and cutting vertically at the center, wherein the depth is a little longer than the cutting surface of scion. Insert scion so that one or both cambium layers coincide. Tie up with plastic bag, cover scion and interface with plastic bag, tie transparent bag at the lower part of interface to prevent rain and keep temperature. Usually keep the bag temperature, prevent direct sunlight, give some fertilizer water, timely cut off the rootstock germination, 2 months after survival remove the bag.

(3) The scion should be grafted on the abdomen of the young shoots. From the middle to the last ten days of May, the cuckoo should still be taken as the rootstock. The scion should be obliquely cut to the xylem at the base of 6-7cm, 0.5- 1 cm long. The scion should be split in the same way, but the front is long and the short one is short. The long side should be inserted inward, the short one should be outward, the cover should be cut well, the cambium should be aligned, the bag should be tied, and the scion should be placed in the shade of the trunk.

(4)The layering propagation is mostly carried out between May and June, and there are two methods: one is high-altitude layering, and the other is low-level layering.

1. Select 2-3 year old branches for high-altitude layering, cut a ring at appropriate position, deep to xylem, width 0.5cm, remove skin, then cut the bamboo tube, 8cm long, 2-3cm in diameter, one side with nodes, split from the middle, dig semicircular holes according to the diameter of the plant, and cover two semicircular bamboo tubes at the cut mouth. Fill the pipe with acid soil, water it, keep the soil moist, grow many fibrous roots after 3 months, cut it off from the mother plant, and cultivate it in a pot.

Low pressure propagation is to use the sprouting branches of the field rhododendron, cut them into rings at appropriate positions, remove the skin, bury them in the soil, water them after 3 days, keep the soil moist, and find fibrous roots after 3 months, separate them from the mother plants, and cultivate them in pots.

3. field management

(1)Soil treatment At present, potted azalea is the main ornamental garden, this method is conducive to meet the ecological conditions of different varieties. In terms of cultivation, the soil requirements are mainly acidic soil, pH must be below 6 as well, regardless of any kind of soil, before cultivation, soil disinfection, full decomposition, fermentation, high and low temperature alternate treatment, one year later, can be used. Among them, the best soil is forest humus soil, or pine needle soil prepared by oneself, with litter, plus a small amount of horse manure and sheep manure, plus 1/3 fertile field soil after picking up, or soil under the roots of mountains, plus dry cake, human excrement, pig manure, chicken and duck dung, calcium superphosphate, etc., plus 1/3 sandy loam, Huangshan soil, decayed leaf soil (litter, plus excrement) followed.

(2)Before transplanting and changing pots, the pots have no water holes, cover them with several tiles, fill a layer of coarse soil, fill them with fine soil every other year, plant a seedling in the middle of the pot to spread the roots, add soil to the pots to the rhizomes, compact them, shake the pots to level the soil surface. Spray fine, until the potted flowers drip, after 7-10 days of pot covering stage, before and after putting the house, should be placed in the greenhouse semi-shade.

The pot change is because the plant grows up and cannot meet the ecological conditions. It is necessary to change the new culture soil, remove some contracted soil from the old pot, stretch the surrounding roots, and cut off the diseased roots. The operation is the same as above. It is usually replaced every 2-3 years. Large plants 3-5 years old, extra large can not be changed, topdressing and other technical measures, applied in the azalea space, keep the relative humidity above 70%.

(3)Watering azalea watering with rain, river water, lake water, pond water, fish water for the best. Alkali water, well water and tap water are prohibited. If you really want to use it, treat the well water temperature similar to the air temperature, dechlorinate the tap water, and let it volatilize for a few days before using it. Alkaline water and sulfuric acid adjust the pH. Watering amount should be different according to different growth stages, dormancy period should be less, Jiangnan November-February, March-June azalea flowering, vigorous growth should be watered more, sunny day watering once a day, individual evening also need to replenish water. Meiyu season, pay attention to drainage, July-August every hour have to check, basin dry have to water, while the leaves spray water, winter morning watering, summer morning watering, spring and autumn except noon, other time can be watered. In the greenhouse heated indoors, it is watered once every 2-3 days, and once every 4-5 days without heating. In late February, the temperature rises, the flower buds begin to expand, the leaf buds also sprout, and the water volume increases appropriately.

(4)Fertilization fertilizer base fertilizer, long-acting hoof, a piece, bone meal, cake fertilizer, dry dung, etc., in the basin or change when mixed with soil use. Manure and chemical fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer are used for fertilizer application. Different fertilizer should be applied at different growth stages of rhododendron. Apply more phosphate fertilizer before flowering to promote flowering, large flowers, thick petals, good color, long flowering period, once every 10 days, apply 2-3 times. Stop fertilizing at flowering. After flowering, in order to restore the tree vigor, promote the shoot to grow leaves, apply nitrogen fertilizer, stop growth in high temperature season (July-August), and it is not easy to apply fertilizer. Before entering the room in autumn, it is the bud stage, apply more phosphorus fertilizer once every 7-10 days, stop fertilizing in winter dormancy period.

Fertilization should master the principle: fertilizer to fully decomposed, frequently thin fertilizer, prohibit fertilizer application in the leaves, sunny application, pot soil dry application, evening application, early watering the next day.

(5)Pruning In order to maintain the beautiful appearance of the azalea tree, excessive branches and excessive branches, buds, buds and other parts should be pruned every year. When the azalea tree grows to a certain height, the terminal buds are removed to control the height and germination of lateral branches. After picking, many lateral branches grow out, showing a whorl shape. The lateral branches grow to a certain height, and then pick the core. Sprouting secondary lateral branches.

Stripping bud: bud grow to a certain extent, pick bud tip, prevent flowers from wasting too much nutrients. At the same time, in order to maintain the elegance of the tree shape, we should strengthen the tree vigor, renew the branches, adjust the ventilation conditions, and cut off the weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, overlapping branches, over-dense branches and excessive branches from the base. The old plants should be pruned and rejuvenated, and the upper part of the branches should be cut off about 30cm before the new buds sprout in early spring. It cannot be cut at one time, but it should be carried out in stages, 1/3-1/5 each time, cut short, and completed in 3-5 years. This does not affect the flowers, pruning after careful management, fertilization, can keep the plant growth for a long time.