Large-scale breeding methods and matters needing attention of Yuxi Black Pig

Yuxi Black Pig is a very popular pig breed with good meat taste and high nutritional value. With good economic benefits, the following is about Yuxi black pig large-scale breeding methods and matters needing attention, interested parents can refer to.

First, the present situation of Yuxi black pig breeding.

1. The Origin and present situation of large-scale production

The traditional black pig farming in western Henan is scattered for farmers, mainly grazing. However, with the rapid development of society, the economic benefit of Yuxi black pig is low, coupled with the impact of foreign pig breeds, resulting in a sharp decrease in the number of Yuxi black pig production, and facing the dilemma of extinction. In order to preserve and continue this unique pig breed resource, and to obtain development and utilization, Sanmenxia Young Eagle Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. has actively carried out the conservation of Yuxi black pig since 2016, exploring the large-scale breeding of Yuxi black pig. The breeding model adopted is as follows: sows and nursing piglets (weaned to 90 days old) are completely raised in the house, and fattening and finishing pigs adopt the mode of "house feeding + grazing", that is, at this stage, pigs are active in the house at night and in cold seasons. the rest of the time in a certain range outside the house (10-20 mu). Up to now, the company has a total of 205 sows, a total of 214 litters and 1 747 healthy piglets.

2. Performance of traits related to large-scale breeding of Yuxi black pigs.

1. Life habits and disease resistance

Traditional farming.

Yuxi black pigs are resistant to rough feeding, concave face short mouth black pigs can eat 30% rice bran and other roughage, and the feeding performance is better; straight face and long mouth black pigs are slightly less resistant to rough feeding, and their feeding performance is also poor. Yuxi black pig is lively and active, has strong climbing performance, the range of activity reaches about 2 km, and can return to the pigsty on time, and can carry out complete grazing. Straight face long mouth black pig character is more docile, disease resistance is relatively poor, occasional disease; concave face short mouth black pig fierce aggressive, strong disease resistance, basically disease-free for many years.

Large-scale farming.

Under the condition of complete breeding in the house, the incidence of Yuxi black pigs: straight face and long mouth black pigs have more diseases, such as endometritis, infertility, weight loss and other consumptive diseases. Black pigs with concave face and short mouth have strong disease resistance and occasionally get sick. Under the breeding mode of "house feeding + grazing", the physique and disease resistance of straight-faced long-mouthed black pigs were greatly improved. The feeding ability of Yuxi black pigs is poor, and the competitive feeding ability of Yuxi black pigs is low if they are mixed with other breeds of pigs, which can easily lead to the growth lag of a large number of Yuxi black pigs.

two。 Body size, weight, etc.

The body length, height, chest circumference and body weight of 5 adult boars were measured. The average values were 149cm, 83.8cm, 148.6 cm and 221.6 kg, respectively. The average body length, body height and chest circumference of 161adult sows were 146.24 cm, 77.7cm and 145.6 cm, respectively, and the standard deviations were 10.84cm, 4.02cm and 7.38cm, respectively. The body size index of Yuxi black sows was consistent, and the average body weight was 131.57 kg.

3. Reproductive performance

Traditional farming.

The sexual maturity of Yuxi black pigs is earlier, generally reaching sexual maturity at the age of 4 ~ 5 months, the oestrus of straight-faced long-mouthed sows is relatively early, and that of concave-faced short-beaked sows is delayed. The gestation period of sows is 112-114 days, the estrous cycle is 18-21 days, the number of litters at birth is 8-11, the number of litters after delivery is 12-14, and the highest is 16-18. Straight face and long mouth sows have less litter, lazy temperament and general litter behavior; concave face short mouth sow has more litter, and the behavior of protecting litter is obvious, the milk is better. The average birth weight of piglets was 0.71 kg, and the survival rate was higher, reaching more than 85%.

Large-scale farming.

Under the condition of complete breeding in the house, the statistical analysis of the litter data of Yuxi black pigs showed that the performance of reserve sows during proestrus, estrous cycle and pregnancy was not significantly different from that of traditional breeding. The gestation period was 111117 days, with an average of 114.27 days, with a standard deviation of 1.22 days, with a coefficient of variation of 1.07%. The estrous cycle was 18-22 days, with an average of 20.19 days, the standard deviation was 1.13 days, and the coefficient of variation was 5.60%. However, the average litter weight per litter, live litter, healthy litter, first litter, second litter, average litter weight, average litter weight and average head weight were 9.47,9.34,8.24,9.0,10.4, 9.995 kg, 1.19kg and 2.97kg, respectively. The average weaning weight in 30 days was 4.87 kg (more than 7.5 kg for white pigs). The survival rate of delivery room was 90.26%.

Result analysis.

The proestrus, estrus cycle and pregnancy cycle of sows are greatly affected by genetic factors, so they do not change much. The decrease of birth rate and the increase of birth weight are related to the change of breeding mode: under the condition of complete breeding, sows have no playground, the amount of exercise is reduced, and their living habits change, which leads to the decline of reproductive performance of sows; the main reason for the increase of birth weight of piglets is that the nutrition obtained by sows during pregnancy is increased, but the amount of exercise and consumption is reduced, so that fetal nutrition is fully supplied, grows well, and promotes the increase of birth weight of piglets.

4. Growth performance

It was observed that under the "house feeding + grazing" mode, the average body weight of 45-day-old boars reached 8.125 kg (30 days old for du Landrace pigs), 17.33kg for 97-day-old boars (50 days old for du Landrace pigs), and 130kg for 25-day-old boars (190 days old for du Landrace pigs). It can be seen that, compared with du Landrace, the growth rate of Yuxi black pig is slower in the early stage and faster in the later stage.

5. Slaughtering determination and Meat quality

According to the records of Henan Agricultural University, the slaughtering percentage, backfat thickness, eye muscle area and lean meat percentage of 15 Yuxi black pigs were 75.7%, 31.9 mm, 31.86 cm 2 and 54.4%, respectively, and the standard deviations were 1.97%, 8.41 mm, 9.29 cm 2 and 4.78%, respectively. According to the meat quality inspection and analysis of two types of Yuxi black pigs raised on a small scale by the Ministry of Agriculture in June 2016, the slaughter rates of straight face long mouth type and concave face short mouth type Yuxi black pig were 74.6% and 76.5%, respectively. the thickness of backfat is 32.6 mm and 46.2 mm respectively, the area of eye muscle is 32.84 cm 2 and 36.62 cm 2, and the lean percentage is 49.3% and 49.6% respectively. The content of intramuscular fat was 6.03% and 4.16%, respectively.

Generally speaking, the slaughter rate of Yuxi black pig is close to that of Duroc Sanyuan white pig, but its backfat thickness and eye muscle area are larger than the latter, but the lean meat percentage is much lower than the latter. Most of the indexes of the two different types of black pigs were similar, but there were some differences in average backfat thickness and intramuscular fat content. The back label thickness of concave face short mouth black pig was larger than that of straight face long mouth black pig. the intramuscular fat content of straight face long mouth type was higher than that of concave face short mouth type black pig, which indicated that the meat quality of straight face and long mouth type was more in line with people's consumption requirements. The survey found that the black pig with straight face and long mouth often has many layers of belly meat with strong meat flavor, which is favored by the local people, while the black pig with concave face and short mouth is difficult to turn back, the skin is black after depilation, and the skin turns blue overnight, which affects market sales, which further confirms the advantages of straight face and long mouth black pork.

III. Aquaculture suggestions

1. Adhere to large-scale farming

Large-scale breeding of Yuxi black pig is the only way to protect Yuxi black pig under the new situation, and it is also an effective way to develop and utilize Yuxi black pig. At the same time, the birth weight, growth rate and survival rate of Yuxi black pig are greatly improved after large-scale breeding, which can also be used.

two。 Pay attention to problem solving

The countermeasures to solve the problems such as low litter rate and poor disease resistance in the large-scale breeding of Yuxi black pigs are as follows: first, we should try our best to create an environment suitable for the living habits of Yuxi black pigs, especially to build a sports ground for sows and increase their exercise so as to improve their fecundity. Second, it is forbidden to mix fattening and breeding black pigs with other breeds of pigs to avoid growth lag caused by poor competition in feeding of Yuxi black pigs.

3. Purposeful development and utilization

The intramuscular fat content of straight face long mouth black pig is higher than that of concave face short mouth black pig, and the backfat thickness is smaller, indicating that the meat quality of straight face long mouth black pig is more in line with people's consumption requirements. therefore, in the development and utilization, we should focus on the straight face long mouth black pig as the priority object of development and utilization.

Black pig is a very popular pig breed, and its meat is liked by consumers, and its breeding cost is low, the breeding method is simple, and it has a good breeding prospect, which is worthy of breeding by all farmers. The above is about the methods and matters needing attention for large-scale breeding of black pigs. You can learn from it.