Maintenance methods of Chrysanthemum

There are many kinds of chrysanthemums with bright colors, which have high ornamental value and have been deeply loved by the people for thousands of years. According to the flowering time, chrysanthemums can be divided into early chrysanthemums blooming in September, autumn chrysanthemums from October to November, and late chrysanthemums from December to January. Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous flower, which enjoys a cool climate, plenty of sunshine, good ventilation, and can withstand cold and frost. It has strong adaptability and exuberant growth, and the daily management of potted chrysanthemum is very simple.

(1) Water and fertilizer management: the times of watering and the amount of water should be determined according to the characteristics of each growth period of chrysanthemum. Under normal circumstances, chrysanthemum seedlings are smaller and less watered in spring, which is conducive to the development of roots; in summer, when the plants are larger, the temperature is high, and water evaporates quickly, sufficient water is needed to replenish them in time, and to spray water around the branches and leaves and the ground to increase air humidity; the temperature difference between day and night in autumn is the exuberant period of chrysanthemum growth, and watering should be increased appropriately; winter seedlings overwintering, water should be controlled. "dry orchid wet chrysanthemum", "wet chrysanthemum" is compared with orchids, it is not that the more water, the better, chrysanthemums like to be wet, but avoid stagnant water. If the soil is kept too wet for a long time, it will seriously affect the respiration of chrysanthemum root and cause the root system to suffocate and rot. Therefore, in rainy days, stagnant water should be eliminated in time, and side basins should be protected against stains. Chrysanthemum watering must not be too dry and wet, and must not be half-dry and half-wet. Chrysanthemums need enough water, do not irrigate "half of the water", that is, watering only wet topsoil, the root system located in the deep soil layer is still in a dry state, in the long run, light, chrysanthemum plant aging defoliation, heavy, the whole chrysanthemum wilted and withered. Therefore, the principle of "dry and thorough watering" should be grasped in watering chrysanthemum. In addition, watering must be careful not to let muddy water stain the leaves, because this is not only troublesome to clean up, but also affects the ornamental nature of chrysanthemums. The growth period of chrysanthemum is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, so that thin fertilizer is applied frequently. During the bud period, nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped and potash fertilizer should be applied once a week. It can also be flexibly controlled according to the growth of the plant. If the chrysanthemum leaves are thin and yellow, it means fertilization is needed, while the thick and black leaves mean that there is enough fertilizer and there is no need to apply fertilizer.

(2) coring, bud removal and standing hanging: coring can control the height of the plant and the number of scheduled flowering. There are generally single branch, double branch and multi-branch form. When the height of the seedling is about 15 cm or when the scion grows 3 or 4 leaves, it can be picked for 2 or 3 times. The number of rapid growth is more, on the contrary, the number is reduced, and the last one is usually carried out before and after the Beginning of Autumn. Chrysanthemum has many buds, but only one bud at the top of each branch. To be on the safe side, it can be divided into three buds, three for the first time, two for the second time and one for the third time. Generally, only 3-5 strong branches are left in each pot. The flowers of potted chrysanthemums are large and their branches are fragile, so they should be tied up and fixed when they are picked for the last time.

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: the common diseases are brown spot, black spot, powdery mildew and root rot, which are all caused by high soil moisture and poor drainage, ventilation and light transmission. Mainly improve the ecological environment to prevent. The basin soil should be disinfected with formalin solution at 1:80, and the growing period can be sprayed with 80% wettable Dysen zinc solution or 50% wettable Tobu body liquid. The main insect pests are aphids, red spiders, inchworm, chrysanthemum tiger (chrysanthemum longicorn beetle), grub, leaf moth larvae, grasshoppers and snails, which can be controlled by strengthening cultivation management, artificial killing and spraying, respectively.

(4) overwintering: in northern areas, chrysanthemums need to be moved indoors in order to overwinter. The specific method is: cut off the plant after the flower fade, water it once, put it in a sunny room, keep the room temperature at about three degrees, and strictly control the water, so that the root of chrysanthemum is dormant. Until the weather turns warm in the coming year, and then gradually increase the amount of water, move to a warm sunny place to restore normal maintenance. However, nowadays, many friends do not have the conditions at home, and there is no cold room with suitable temperature, which makes it more difficult for chrysanthemums to survive the winter. Everyone can adjust measures to local conditions, those who do not have the conditions can only give up, and it is also good to buy a new pot and replant it in the coming year.

(5) Propagation: family chrysanthemum is generally propagated by the method of dividing plants. After the chrysanthemum blossoms in autumn and winter, cut off the mother plant and soon grow a lot of new buds. After the beginning of the spring of the next year, these small buds were dug up together with the mother plant and planted in pots.

In addition, chrysanthemum also has the function of resisting harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride. Family planting can not only beautify the environment, but also reduce air pollution, which is beneficial to people's physical and mental health.

If you want to change the time of chrysanthemum flowering, such as early flowering: chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, generally no more than 10 hours of light a day before flowering. If you want to make the chrysanthemum bloom ahead of time, you must control the sunshine time. When the chrysanthemum plant grows to a certain stage and the temperature is 25-30 ℃, the sunshine time is controlled within 8-10 hours per day, and the plant can bud and blossom in 2 to 2 and a half months. It is appropriate to shade chrysanthemums in the morning and evening every day. Delayed flowering: from early September, add 3 hours of lighting to chrysanthemum plants around midnight every day until late October, so that chrysanthemums can blossom before and after New Year's Day. If you want to delay blooming later, you can continue to give lighting every night, so that chrysanthemums can even blossom again during the Spring Festival. It should be noted that when winter approaches, plants must be moved indoors for maintenance to prevent freezing.

In short, we should pay attention to the maintenance of chrysanthemums. Only in this way can we cultivate beautiful chrysanthemums.

Culture methods of Chrysanthemum

1. Cutting chrysanthemum can be cut from March to May. When cutting, choose 8-10 cm-long new shoots as cuttings, cut off the lower 2-3 leaves, insert them into a shallow basin or cold bed filled with fine sand, shade the sun in the first week, keep the soil moist, shade at noon in the second week, then irradiate throughout the day, and begin to take root in 15-21 days. The foot buds beside the root of chrysanthemum can also be cut from November to March of the following year. Foot buds take root quickly and grow well, so it is the best breeding material.

Second, grafting can cultivate extra-large chrysanthemum or multi-level tall chrysanthemum. Generally, wild and sturdy Artemisia grass is selected in summer and autumn as rootstock, cultivated in greenhouse, grafted in mid-late April, and grafted with hibiscus or wicker to prevent lodging.

Third, ramet culture can be carried out after the cliff chrysanthemum blossoms to before the Qingming Festival. The method is to dig out the whole mother plant in the autumn of last year, shake off the soil from the roots, remove the withered branches and residual roots, cut the aboveground part into 6-10 cm long, split the connecting part of the root system with knife and shear, and divide it into several clumps, each with 2-4 branches and complete roots, which are replanted with a high survival rate.

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Introduction to the maintenance methods of hydroponic chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum

If you cultivate chrysanthemum in a good growth environment, you can see it blossom in advance, and of course the flowering period will be prolonged. In recent years, many plant experts have been studying the advantages and disadvantages of two cultivation methods of hydroponic chrysanthemum and soil-cultured chrysanthemum, and come to the conclusion that hydroponic chrysanthemum has higher chlorophyll content and faster growth and development than soil-cultured chrysanthemum. No matter the ornamental value or economic value is higher than that of soil-cultured chrysanthemum, then in order to facilitate flower friends in home water culture, the following article is an article on the maintenance methods of water-cultured chrysanthemum, which can be used for reference.

The cuttage seedling was raised in the middle of June, the plant shape was moderate, the overwintering or spring seedling was used as the mother plant, and the top of its plump and pest-free cutting was used as cuttings. Cuttings 5 cm to 7 cm long, remove the basal leaves after harvest, retain 2 to 3 leaflets, the incision is horseshoe-shaped, the seedling bed is based on vermiculite, put into the basin, first disinfect with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution. The cutting depth is about 2 cm, and the plant spacing is about 3 cm. After inserting, spray through with clean water, put the basin into a semi-underground seedbed, covered with plastic film and Reed curtain. Spray water every 3 to 5 days after cuttage, and transplant in about 20 days.

The inorganic nutrient elements required for the preparation of nutrient solution are: potassium nitrate 69%, calcium superphosphate 18%, magnesium sulfate 9.7%, urea 1.4%, ferrous sulfate 0.69%, manganese sulfate 0.27%, phosphoric acid 0.27%, anhydrous calcium chloride 0.067%, zinc acetate 0.067%.

The ratio of total inorganic elements to water is 1: 500 in the early stage (from mid-July to early August), 1: 300 in the middle stage (from mid-August to mid-September), and 1: 400 in the later stage (from late September to mid-October). The pH value is 5-5.5. In early July, chrysanthemum seedlings with complete roots were transplanted into a new flowerpot with an inner diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 14 cm. The substrate was made of vermiculite and the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin was covered with tiles.

After planting, spray through the water with a spray can, cover the upper part with plastic film to prevent rain, and cover the Reed curtain to block the light. After 7 to 10 days of slow seedling, remove the plastic film and Reed curtain, and begin to apply nutrient solution once every 5 days. After application, you can spray some clear water to prevent the nutrient solution from being left on the leaves to cause damage.

The Beginning of Autumn applied the nutrient solution once three days later, and then changed it to once every 5 days after budding. In case of rain, the nutrient solution should be applied in time. Due to the soft matrix, chrysanthemum seedlings are easy to lodge, so it is necessary to spray 800-1000 times B9 solution two or three times in the early stage, that is, when the chrysanthemum seedlings are 10 cm to 15 cm high, to prevent overgrowth.

Compared with soil cultivation, hydroponic chrysanthemum can save water and nutrients, save labor and time, and has less labor intensity, cleanliness, less diseases and insect pests, no regional restrictions, and can effectively prevent natural disasters.