Cultivation Techniques of Spinach in Four Seasons

The main results are as follows: 1. Sowing date and variety of autumn spinach are the main stubble of spinach production. Generally, sowing from August to September can be advanced to July or delayed to early October, and can be harvested in batches 30-40 days after sowing. The requirements for variety selection are not strict, but early autumn spinach should choose early-maturing varieties with high heat tolerance and fast growth, such as Lutouchu, Huatou No. 1, Huatou No. 3, Guangdong Yuanye, Spring and Autumn Big Leaf, Union No. 1 and so on. Overwintering spinach is sown from mid-late October to early November and harvested in batches before and after the Spring Festival. it is appropriate to select middle and late maturing varieties with strong winter, late bolting and strong cold tolerance, such as Yuanye No.1, Huaye No. 1, Liaoning Yuanye and so on. Generally, spring spinach can be sowed when the temperature rises to more than 5 ℃ after the beginning of spring. In Yiyang, Hunan, the seeds are sown in stages from late February to mid-April, the middle of March is the suitable time for sowing, and 30-50 days after sowing. Varieties should choose late round leaves with late bolting and hypertrophic leaves, big leaves in spring and autumn, Shenyang round leaves, Liaoning round leaf spinach and so on. Xia Bolai can arrange and sow seeds by stages from May to July and harvest one after another from late June to mid-September. Huachi No. 1, Spring and Autumn Big Leaf, Guangdong Round Leaf, which have strong heat resistance, rapid growth and not easy bolting, should be selected. 2. Soil preparation and border selection is loose and fertile, water and fertilizer conservation, good drainage and irrigation conditions, slightly acidic sandy loam or loam is better. During soil preparation, about 4000 ┧ of mature organic fertilizer and 50 ┧ of lime are applied per 667mol of soil preparation, and the soil is leveled and fine. It is suitable to make high beds in winter and spring and flat beds in summer and autumn. The width of the border is 1.2 to 1.5m. 3. Direct seeding is generally used to sow and sow seedlings. Sowing seeds in summer and autumn should be accelerated. One week before sowing, the seeds were soaked in well water for about 12 hours (hours), then put in wells or air-raid shelters, or treated in refrigerator or freezer about 4 ℃ for 24 hours (hours), then germinated under the condition of 20: 25 ℃, and then germinated after 3 days (days). Dry or wet seeds can be sowed in winter and spring. Sow 5~10kg every 667┫. Pour enough bottom water before sowing, after sowing the seeds on the border surface, gently comb the topsoil with a tooth rake for several times, so that part of the seeds are sown in the deep layer of 5 ┩, part in the middle layer of 3 ┩, and part in the surface layer of 2 ┩, so that the seedlings can be harvested in batches. After sowing, cover the border with a layer of plant ash, and then pour a layer of rotten thick dung residue or river mud or cover a layer of fine soil. After sowing spinach in summer and autumn, it is necessary to cover with straw or use a small arch shed to cover the sunshade net to prevent high temperature and rainstorm erosion. When the seed cover fertilizer soil is dried, it should be watered again. Each watering soaked the soil, often kept the soil moist, and the seedlings could be completed after 6-7 days. If the spinach sowed in winter is late and the temperature is low, cover the sowing bed with plastic film or sunshade net to promote seedling emergence, and remove the seedlings after emergence. When sowing spinach in spring, it is not necessary to pour bottom water before sowing. After sowing in sunny morning, sprinkle a layer of rotten thick dung residue or cover soil with 2cm on the border surface. 4. In the field management of autumn spinach, light manure water should be sprinkled once after growing true leaves, and the concentration of topdressing should be gradually increased with the growth of plants, which should be applied when the soil surface is dry; after 2 true leaves, combined with seedlings, weeding, pay attention to topdressing, first light and then concentrated, more mature manure should be applied in the early stage; stop manure application 15 days before harvest; topdressing 2 times 3 times in peak growth period, applying urea 5 ┧ per 667 ┫. Winter spinach, after planting, the soil can be watered once to keep it moist. When there are 4 true leaves, the water should be properly controlled to survive the winter. The time of seedling with 3 true leaves was 1 time, and the seedling distance was 3 ┩. According to the situation of seedlings and weather, water and fertilizer were applied, mainly feces and urine of mature people. Pay attention to the control of aphids. Frost and snow weather should be covered with plastic film and sunshade net insulation, can also be covered by floating surface and small arch shed cover. Seedlings overwintering spinach, after the beginning of spring, choose sunny days to apply rotten light dung water in time to prevent bolting. In the early stage, spring spinach should be covered with plastic film for heat preservation, which can be directly covered on the border surface or covered with a small arch shed. When covering directly, remove the film or change to a small arch shed after the emergence of spinach seedlings, pay attention to the small arch shed day and night cover, sunny cover, so that the seedlings can see more light and refine seedlings. At the same time, there should be time. Topdressing fertilizer and water should be applied lightly and frequently with mature human and animal manure in the early stage, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the later stage, especially 15 days before harvest.