Close planting and cultivation of towel gourd in winter and spring in warm winter greenhouse

Using winter warm greenhouse high density anti-season cultivation loofah, can greatly improve the yield, yield per mu up to 5000 kg, mu income in 30 thousand-40 thousand yuan. Variety selection selection cold resistance, disease resistance, adaptability of early-maturing varieties, such as Jiangshu No. 1, early hybrid No. 1, green early loofah, Yulu early loofah, Wuye. Fragrant loofah, Yahua Zaojia loofah and other common loofah varieties; can also be selected according to market needs Xiatang No. 1, Luwang, Guangdong edge loofah and other ribbed loofah varieties. Cultivate strong seedlings and sow them in mid-October to ensure that they will be listed before the Spring Festival. Soak seeds and germinate until two-thirds of the seeds are exposed and sown. In the greenhouse with a side length of 10 cm black nutrition bowl seedlings, each mu of field needs seedbed 30 square meters, 600-754 grams of seeds. The manure and garden soil are mixed according to the ratio of 7:3 or 6:4, and 1 kg of potassium sulfate, 2 kg of calcium superphosphate and 60-80 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder are added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil to prepare nutrient soil. After sowing, build a small arch on the seedbed, cover with insect net and sunshade net. Keep the seedbed moist and control the temperature at 25-30℃. 2-3 leaf stage planting. Land preparation and planting: selecting greenhouse planting of previous crop without melon vegetables. Combined with ploughing, 5000 kg decomposed manure and 50 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer were applied per mu. After deep turning and leveling, make north-south ridge, ridge width 70 cm, height 20 cm, groove width 50 cm. 2 rows per ridge, row spacing 40 cm, plant spacing 30 cm, 3700 plants per mu. Before planting, 5g of decomposed bean cake was applied to each hole. After planting, the ridge surface was covered with plastic film and the film was broken to release seedlings. Temperature and light management sealed greenhouse within 1 week after planting, increase indoor temperature, promote slow seedling. The temperature is maintained at 30-35℃ during the day and not lower than 12-15℃ at night. After the seedling is retarded, the temperature of the shed is kept at 25-30℃ in the day, the wind is released when the temperature is higher than 30℃, and the temperature is kept at 14-16℃ at night. In case of cooling weather, temporary heating is required to ensure that the temperature of the shed at night is not lower than 8℃. Before loofah vine pulling, the light time was controlled by removing the cover to promote the growth of stems and leaves and the differentiation of female flowers. In flowering and fruiting stage, remove the straw cover in time to improve the temperature of the shed. Fertilizers and water management When planting, irrigate the seedlings with stable water. Control fertilizer and water before fruit setting to promote steady and rapid growth of seedlings. When male flowers bloom, combine watering and apply decomposed human excrement or decomposed cake fertilizer once. After flowering and sitting melon, apply swelling melon fertilizer, and gradually increase the amount of fertilizer and water later. Pay attention to ventilation and moisture discharge after watering. Fertilizer is applied every 8-10 days in combination with watering in the full melon stage, 500-600 kg of decomposed chicken manure and human excrement or 10-15 kg of urea are applied every mu, and 10-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied at intervals. Appropriate increase in carbon dioxide fertilizer in the morning of sunny days. spray sodium bisulfite every 7-10 days for 3 time at that initial stage of melon growth, and spraying the solution with water to prepare 200 mg/L solution. Plant adjustment melon vine grows 30 centimeters when bind vine, use greenhouse north and south end crossbeam to hang vine. After the vine is put on the shelf, tie the vine every 4-5 leaves. The vine is generally kept 1.5 meters high to prevent the top contact film from being burned. Remove all lateral vines before the first female flower appears, and retain 1 leaf after the melon appears. When tying vines, pinch off tendrils and male flowers, and pay attention to adjusting the vats and orientation of vines. Cut off delicate or over-dense aging vines in time. The flower and fruit are protected by artificial pollination in the evening or morning when there is no dew, and the stigma of male flowers cannot be damaged during pollination. Applying 2,4-D solution to flowers can also reduce flower drop and increase fruit setting rate. Concentrations of 20 mg/L at high temperatures and 30 mg/L at low temperatures were conducted at 8 a.m. Harvest loofah in time 10-12 days after pollination in the morning, harvest once a day in full fruit period.