Cultivation techniques of potted apple

Apple potted plant is a new thing, its appearance by leisure agriculture, urban agriculture, sightseeing tourism and landscaping and other undertakings welcome and attention, its development and popularity, is our country's social economy and people's living standards to improve the symbol, but also the pursuit of life beauty, environmental beauty close-up. Rural courtyards, front and rear houses, urban balconies, conference rooms, hotels, etc., can be placed everywhere, because of beautiful shape, long fruit hanging time, and convenient management, but also can enter the supermarket, put on the counter, not only decorate the facade but also improve economic benefits. Farmer production, 667 square meters of area can be placed in the diameter of 26~33 cm pots 1500~2000 pots, each pot of fruit 2.5~4.0 kg, 667 square meters of fruit more than 5000 kg. 40~60 cm diameter pots can be placed 400~500 pots, each pot results 10~15 kg, 667 square meters yield 5000 kg. The first year planted trees, the second year has a certain yield, the third year can be high yield. Potted apples, because it is easy to artificially control temperature and water, can create a better cultivation environment, realize the increase of fruit sugar content, fruit color, fragrance and increase the price of apples. Potted apples can be produced continuously for more than 10 years with high economic benefit if properly managed. If the method of early and late production is adopted, the economic benefit can be doubled. Potted apples are actually a good project for farmers to become rich. Picking fruit to sell, higher than the yield of open field, hanging fruit with pot to sell, double the benefits, generally three-year pot apple 200~300 yuan per pot, more than thousands of yuan. 1. Variety selection choice cold rich, cold fragrance. Cold rich: cold-resistant, high-yield, is a large fruit type high-quality new varieties, potted maximum single fruit weight more than 0.5 kg, planted in the second year after a certain yield, 3 years of high yield. Fruit peel is red, fruit shape is correct, beautiful, flesh is yellow, sour and sweet moderate, flavor is good, hardness is high, storage and transportation resistance. If potted plants are not picked, they are not easy to drop fruit. Cold Fragrance: Cold resistance, fruity fragrance, bright and beautiful peel. It is a new strain selected in recent years. When planted with Hanfu, they can pollinate each other, and the fruit-setting rate is obviously increased. 2. Nutrient soil configuration formula 1: sand, black soil, horse manure each 1/3, plus a small amount of decomposed chicken manure surface, each pot does not exceed 2 grams. Formula 2:2 parts of field topsoil, 1 part of decomposed broken firewood, 1 part of pearlite and 1 part of cow and horse manure. Formula 3:2 parts of aged rice husk, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of manure. 3. Water and fertilizer management (1) watering potted apples, water and fertilizer management is very important, is the main factor that determines yield and quality, is the key to obtain high or low benefits. In mass production, special personnel must be assigned to take charge and carefully manage it. Water must be supplied according to changes in weather. When it is dry and wet, it must be thoroughly watered. Do not irrigate with water, repeat irrigation, so as not to dilute the nutrition in the basin, waste manure or retting roots. Leaves hypertrophy thick green, indicating moderate fertilizer, heart leaves have yellow phenomenon, indicating that water too frequently, should be adjusted in time. In case of heavy rain after watering, the flowerpot should be put down to prevent rain, and then lifted up after confirming that it is fine. More water and less water are not suitable for the growth of potted apples. It must be mastered correctly. (2) Fertilizing potted apples should be based on fruit and leaf fertilization. More small fruits should be applied, and less should be applied instead. In line with the principle of less frequent application. Choose high-quality decomposed farm manure to do topdressing, such as chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure, etc. Fertilization amount is determined by pot size, 26~33 cm pot, urea 4~5 g per pot is appropriate, compound fertilizer slightly increased, farm manure 100~150 g, pot size increased. Water immediately after fertilization. Topdressing five or six times a year, nitrogen fertilizer should be given priority in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be more in the later stage. Spraying foliar fertilizer in growing season, spraying 0.2%~0.3% urea in early stage, spraying 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three or four times in late fruit coloring, with an interval of 10 days. Spraying fertilizer is best to choose cloudy days or evening to facilitate absorption. 4. Temperature management (1) Early management. In early January, potted apples in Shenyang area have passed the natural dormancy period. In the south, it can be postponed as appropriate. The potted apples that have dormancy are moved to the greenhouse. The greenhouse temperature is 10℃ in the daytime and 0℃ at night. The temperature can be increased by 1~2℃ every day. The highest temperature before flowering should not exceed 20℃, and the flowering temperature should be controlled at 18~20℃. The lowest temperature is not lower than 0℃, and the temperature gradually increases after fruiting, 25~28℃ during the day. The maximum temperature shall not exceed 32℃. High temperatures of 35 ° C are harmful to many plants and should be avoided. The temperature difference between day and night is 10~15℃. When the open field apple tree has a large number of new leaves, the greenhouse potted apple can be exercised by rolling the plastic 1/3 or 1/4 during the day. After 5~7 days, the plastic is removed, and the temperature is the same as that of open field apples. (2) Late management. Late ripening large fruit type "Hanfu" and "Hanxiang" apples, the first year through late flowering, fruit maturity can only be delayed to the middle of November or early December, if late ripening is needed, it is necessary to do late domestication treatment. The method is to keep the soil of the flowerpot as warm as possible before picking fruits, keep the temperature above 10℃, and prevent the leaves from falling off. Even if the fruits are picked off, the leaves can continue to grow until the leaves fall off, and the leaves can be allowed to dormancy for at least half a month every year. In this way, the maturity period can be delayed until after New Year's Day for two or three consecutive years. The later potted apples ripen, the more popular they are and the higher the economic benefits.