Grape varieties and pollution-free cultivation techniques
According to the eco-environmental conditions of Beijing and the geographical advantages of metropolitan suburbs, the technology locates the products as high-grade (with high quality as the first element) and safety (based on pollution-free production). Gradually transition to green and organic production), realize annual supply (reasonable collocation of varieties in the morning, middle and evening, and develop protected cultivation to advance or delay grape harvest). Core technical content (1) according to the characteristics of varieties, choose reasonable frame and tree shape: regular sector shaping of hedge (such as rose fragrance) and dragon trunk shaping of scaffolding (such as Jufeng and Red Earth); combined with tree shape standard pruning and annual tree management measures, different varieties adopt different management methods of sprouting, coring and auxiliary shoots to renew fruit branches reasonably to achieve scientific high and stable yield. (2) directional cultivation, according to the characteristics of varieties, target yield, planting density, ear weight and grain weight per plant to determine the amount of ear and fruit per plant. Scientific flower thinning and fruit thinning to control yield and improve fruit quality. (3) the planting varieties should be selected scientifically and reasonably according to the orchard function (whether the orchard is sightseeing or not), and the ecological adaptation and good quality are the first selection factors. (4) the early, middle and late maturing varieties should be reasonably matched, and the early, middle and late maturing varieties should be reasonably selected according to the proportion of 3:4:3, and the harvest time of fresh fruit in open field should be 2.5-3 months. Heating greenhouse, solar greenhouse and ordinary greenhouse can advance the supply period of early-maturing varieties by 2 months, 1 month and half a month respectively, and the harvest time of late-maturing grapes can be delayed before and after New Year's Day in cold greenhouse. The overall supply period of fresh fruit was extended to 6-7 months. (5) take the disinfection of seed strips and the planting of virus-free seedlings as the starting point, on the basis of plant quarantine and agricultural control, combined with physical and biological control, and scientifically use chemical pesticides to effectively control the harm of diseases and insect pests.
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Key points of summer fruit management of grape
In July, grapes should be fertilized in time. Generally, topdressing is applied once at the initial stage of fruit tree coloring, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. You can choose sulfur-based ternary compound fertilizer for soil application, or by topdressing outside the root, 0.5%, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, etc., can be sprayed for 2-3 times. In order to improve the storability of grape berries, one can be used before harvest.
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Light Control Technology of Grape cultivation in greenhouse
For grapes cultivated in greenhouse, because the light intensity in the greenhouse is often less than 70% of that outside, it has a significant adverse effect on the growth and fruit of grapes, often resulting in serious flower and fruit drop, poor fruit coloring, low sugar content, poor flower bud differentiation and so on. The yield and quality of grapes are greatly reduced. Therefore, it is enhanced.
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