High-yielding cultivation techniques of New Grape varieties

1. One of the main characteristics is the large grain size of the ear. The high wife grape belongs to the large panicle and large grain type, the ear is large and compact, the average ear weight is 600 grams, and the average grain weight is 17 grams, which can reach more than 20 grams after thinning flowers and fruits, which is much larger than that of red and black grapes, which is comparable to ping-pong grape. Second, the quality is good. After full maturity, the fruit is black, high sweetness, soluble solids content of 19%-21%, with strong strawberry flavor and light rose flavor, its flavor, storage and transportation resistance are better than Fujiminori. Third, the yield is good. It has the advantages of early initial fruit period, strong fruit setting and high fruit setting rate, and its yield can reach 2000 kg per mu in the second year. Fourth, the disease resistance is strong. The number of spraying can be reduced by half as much as that of red and black. If you follow the management and control of Jufeng, Fujiminori and Red Fuji, there will not be any diseases and insect pests. In addition, the new shoots of Gao's wife are strong, straight and weak, the summer management is simple and labor-saving, and both medium and short shoots can be high-yield. it is an ideal replacement variety in the high-temperature and rainy areas of the south. two。 High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques (1) for seedlings planting in high-temperature and rainy areas, dry and rainy mountainous areas and waterlogged, saline-alkali and grape continuous cropping plots, grafted seedlings with special rootstocks such as S04 and Huajia 8 should be selected to enhance stress resistance and achieve the goal of high yield and stable yield, high quality and high efficiency and everlasting prosperity. According to the experiment, Huajia 8 grafted Gao wife showed vigorous growth and large secondary shoot growth, and the tree body could be formed in one year. In the second year, the plant yield reached 7.5 kg, and the highest plant yield reached 15 kg, which was 1.5 kg higher than that of 6 kg per plant in Jufeng. The distance between planting rows is 2.5 meters × 1.3 meters, and there are 260 plants per mu, which are planted in the north-south direction with a double cross "v" frame. The suitable planting period is spring planting, which can be planted from the temperature rising in February to half a month before the local hanging fruit grape sprouts. When planting, digging shallow holes and shallow planting, the root system is distributed around, so that the root neck of the cutting seedling is exposed to the border, and the grafted seedling is exposed to 5 cm. Gently pour thin dung water after being firm. (2) Fertilizer and water management the variety has strong fertilizer tolerance and needs large fertilizer and large water, especially after entering the high yield period, large fertilizer and large water is the most fundamental condition for high yield and high quality, general base fertilizer should not be less than 3000 kg per mu, cake fertilizer 300kg or dried chicken manure 1000 kg, high efficiency potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kg. Topdressing, 30 kg urea per mu after fruit setting, 50 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 15 kg potassium sulfate fertilizer in the later stage of fruit expansion, spraying green Fenwei No. 3 or No. 4 before and after flowering, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice from fruit expansion to coloring stage can effectively enhance the sweetness of fruit. In a normal year, water should be watered once before sprouting to facilitate quick and neat germination. If Huifan liquid fertilizer is applied with water and 1.5 kg per mu, it has obvious effect on loose soil and excellent fruit of strong trees. A small amount of water should be watered before civilization to facilitate flowering and pollination and reduce seedless fruits. It is strictly forbidden to irrigate a large amount of water during the flowering period. reclaimed water is irrigated every 7 to 10 days after fruit setting to keep the soil moist and facilitate the rapid expansion of the fruit. Avoid watering during coloring maturity and remove stagnant water in time in case of heavy rain in order to speed up fruit coloring and increase sugar content. (3) to control the yield of this variety, the double inflorescence is more, the inflorescence is large, and the fruit setting rate is high, so it is easy to delay ripening and decline quality due to large load. Therefore, the yield of grafted seedlings cultivated with self-rooted seedlings and Jufeng rootstocks must be controlled at about 1500 kg per mu, and the grafted seedlings with special rootstocks such as so4 and Huajia 8 can be controlled within 2000 kg per mu. The distance between the new shoots on the shelf surface is about 20 cm. If the panicle is treated with Sichuan Lanyue brand expanding agent, in order to prevent over-fruiting and over-squeezing in the later stage, the techniques of panicle control, yield control and fruit thinning must be adopted to achieve a vine, a spike of 3000cm / mu and a spike of 3500g / mu. Keep the panicle weight at 500 to 700 grams. After setting the fruit, carefully thinning the fruit, removing the small fruit, seedless fruit, deformed fruit, too dense fruit. The lower new shoots and thin new shoots firmly do not leave fruit, and they are cultivated as vegetative and regenerated branches to remove overdense branches. Five leaves were left above the inflorescence 3-5 days before flowering. At the same time, for the oversized inflorescence, the accessory spikes and 2-3 branches were removed, and the spike tips of about 1-stroke-5 were removed. Except for the top accessory tip, the rest of the accessory tip was erased. Strictly control the growth of secondary shoots, so that the ratio of ear to leaf is about 1 ∶ 15, which is beneficial to the concentrated supply of nutrition to fruit. After the fruit is harvested, the upper secondary shoots will grow properly to enhance the tree potential and lay a good foundation for high yield in the following year. (4) protected cultivation because there are many Rain Water, high humidity and difficult to control diseases and insect pests in spring in the south, so planting high wives in the south should advocate rain shelter cultivation or greenhouse-induced cultivation. The experiment shows that by promoting cultivation, the fresh fruit can be put on the market 15-18 days earlier, the sales price per kilogram can be increased by 1-2 yuan, and the output value can be increased by 1500-2000 yuan per mu. The main technical points of rain shelter and promoting cultivation are as follows: covering and uncovering the film at the right time for ①. For rain shelter cultivation, if you are sure to prevent black pox in the early stage, it is the appropriate time to cover the film before flowering; if you are not sure, you should cover the film in advance to the time of sprouting. To facilitate cultivation, the film can be covered in early February, the membrane will be removed in May, the top film will be slightly opened in the shed, and the top film will be removed after grape picking. ② regulates temperature and humidity. The budding period is from plastic film mulching to the first ten days of March, mainly increasing temperature and moisturizing. When the temperature in the greenhouse is more than 30 ℃ at noon in sunny and hot days, ventilation and cooling should be properly opened, combined with furrow irrigation or border watering, to keep the border soil moist and high humidity in the shed; from budding to flowering and fruit setting stage, the maximum temperature in the greenhouse should not exceed 30 ℃, and the border should be covered with black and silver gray two-color reflective film. ③ promotes bud to sprout early. Coating winter buds 20-30 days before germination with 15% concentration of lime nitrogen (i.e. 5-7 times for water) or 1%-2% concentration of cyanamide solution (i.e. 30 times for water) can increase the germination rate and promote the germination neatly. But as a result, the top 1-2 winter buds of the mother branch were not smeared, and the winter buds of the old branches and new grape seedlings should not be coated. Apply the winter bud with a small brush or brush, stir the water while painting, and apply the black precipitate on the fruit branch. Apply the liquid on the same day. (5) fruit bagging this variety has the outstanding advantage of easy coloring under the condition of insufficient light, so it is especially suitable for bagging cultivation. Bagging can not only improve the appearance quality of ear, but also increase the weight of fruit. There is no need to go to the bag after maturity, which can avoid the harm of birds, bees and rodents, and it will be more attractive to sell this pollution-free fruit with a bag. For the choice of paper bags, the grape special color wax paper bags produced by scientific research institutions and regular manufacturers are better, not broken by wind and rain, but larger models should be selected to prevent the fruit from expanding and breaking at the later stage of the ear. Bagging time is carried out immediately after spraying or dipping Dasheng or methyl topiramate when the fruit is the size of small peanuts. When the fruit begins to color, remove the dysfunctional old leaves around the ear to make the sun shine directly on the fruit bag and speed up the coloring. (6) the main diseases of pest control are black pox, gray mold, white rot, anthrax, downy mildew, etc., and insect pests include winged moth, longicorn beetle, beetle, aphid and so on. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests adopts the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", taking agricultural control as the basis, killing pathogens as the focus, conscientiously clearing the garden in winter, eliminating pathogens in the fluffy stage, and bagging in time after the results. comprehensive control measures combined with symptomatic spraying during the growing period. Pesticide selection, such as Dasheng, Kobo, DuPont Fuxing, Sukeling, Metalaxyl, make 100 grams, Topurazine, Regent, fenpropathrin, aphid lice net and other pollution-free pesticides, and achieve alternate use and reasonable mixed use.