Mechanization Technology of Banana production

1. Test-tube plantlets were used in tissue culture of banana seedlings. Test-tube plantlets are generally provided by plant cultivation centers for tissue culture and propagation after detoxification and industrial breeding. two。 Cultivation of banana fields includes prenatal and in-production tillage. Because the banana field is generally sloping land, therefore, in prenatal, it is necessary to use large and medium-sized rotary ploughing Harrow and double-share plough to cultivate the crushed banana stem. In production, micro-tillers should be selected to complete ploughing, soil cultivation, fertilization, weeding and other related tools such as small ploughs, rotary rakes, fertilizers and fertilizers. 3. At present, bananas are generally planted artificially, with wide rows and narrow plants and reasonable close planting. The distance between rows and plants is 2.0x2.0m, and the planting density in banana field is generally 2250,2700 plants / hm2, which can not exceed 3000 plants, so as to avoid poor ventilation and light transmission and many diseases and insect pests. Domestic banana planting mechanization is not yet mature and needs to be developed. 4. Irrigation and fertilization banana is a plant that likes temperature and humidity. It is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer and potash fertilizer and ensure a reasonable supply of water, which is the basis for banana to obtain high yield, high quality and less disease. Therefore, it is necessary to promote water-saving sprinkler irrigation technology and lay sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation and other water-saving sprinkler irrigation facilities in banana orchards. Sprinkler irrigation facilities generally adopt semi-fixed pipe sprinkler irrigation system to draw water from the reservoir. When laying fixed water pipes, factors such as mechanical tillage, sprinkler radius and wind direction should be taken into account. Banana fertilization, generally using two methods: one is fertilized by the fertilizer applicator. The other is to spray fertilizer and water together, that is, according to the banana's demand for fertilizer and water, dissolve the fertilizer in the water and spray it to the root of the banana by sprinkler irrigation. This method can be controlled by computer fertilization and irrigation to achieve the scientific cooperation of fertilizer and water, fertilizer and water can be saved by more than 20%, and bananas can increase production by 22%. 5. As plant protection now uses test-tube seedlings to grow bananas, it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of bunchy top disease and other diseases and insect pests during the seedling period. In the fruiting period, in addition to bagging the banana fruit and cutting off the buds at the right time, it is also necessary to spray high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides or biological pesticides to kill insects. Plant protection machinery generally uses ultra-low volume mobile sprayer or mobile mobile spray pump with high range. 6. Harvest and packaging harvest is an important link in banana production. In order not to affect the appearance quality and commodity fruit rate of banana fruit, it is necessary to popularize and apply advanced and applicable ropeway transportation and cleaning packaging equipment to ensure that banana fruit does not fall to the ground from harvest to packaging, so as to achieve harmless harvest, storage and transportation, and improve the appearance, color and quality of banana fruit. The operation process is as follows: when the banana fruit is picked, it is hung on the ropeway and sent to the treatment plant, after falling comb, cleaning, disinfection, trimming, grading, drying, vacuum preservation, weighing packing box) and other processes. The ropeway harvesting system can reduce the mechanical damage of banana fruit by more than 20%, the price of banana fruit is 0.5 yuan / kg higher than the general, and the work efficiency is increased by 30%. The fixed harvesting and treatment system can be used in the banana plantation with large area, and the mobile production line can be used in the small-scale garden, which can be moved to the field at any time to facilitate production. 7. Preservation and processing in order to maintain the freshness of banana fruit, banana fruit should be precooled. It can be boxed and stored in a freezer. The fresh-keeping temperature in the storage is 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃. 8. Long-distance transportation should be temperature-controlled storage and transportation, using mechanical thermal insulation vehicles to add ice or refrigerated containers. The temperature is controlled at 13 ℃ ~ 15 ℃. 9. Banana stalk (head) crushed and returned to the field banana can generally be planted for one to three years, but banana stem has to be eliminated every year, so banana stem treatment has become an important part of banana production. Banana is a good organic fertilizer because it is rich in organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and trace elements. In order to realize the banana stem crushing and returning to the field, the large banana stem crushing and returning machine should be used to push the banana stem down and crush the banana stem to the field so as to improve soil fertility. At present, the working efficiency of the banana stem crushing and returning machine is 0.2~0.27hm2/h, and the operating cost is 1500 yuan / hm2, which is 50% lower than that of manual treatment.