Early ripening cultivation techniques of eggplant in greenhouse

Seed selection and seedling cultivation: eggplant varieties with early maturity, high yield, disease resistance and high quality should be selected for eggplant cultivation in early spring. Such as Zhoukou crooked rough, Xinxiang rough green eggplant. These two varieties generally have 7 leaves and are suitable for close planting. The seedlings are raised by hot wire in the greenhouse. The seedlings are 90-100 days old and have 7-8 leaves. They are best planted in big buds. When the seedling age is more than 120 days, the slow seedling will appear, the door eggplant is easy to fall off, and the early flowering is early but the yield is low. The seedling age was less than 80 days, the initial flowering stage was too late, and the early yield decreased. Temperature is the key to cultivate strong seedlings. Under suitable low temperature, the node position of differentiated flower buds is low, and the proportion of long-column flowers is large. The temperature is between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ in the daytime and between 15 and 17 ℃ at night, and the ground temperature is above 15 ℃. In the seedling stage, the seedlings are divided into two leaves and one heart, and the vegetative area of each plant is 100 square centimeters. Cut the weight and pour the weight before planting, and refine the seedlings at low temperature. Cultivation management: when the ground temperature reached 10 ℃ in the greenhouse in early spring, 15 cm deep trench was opened according to the row spacing, a floor hot line was laid below, the soil was covered with 5 cm thick, and the ground temperature was watered thoroughly to make the ground temperature rise to more than 12 ℃. Choose sunny noon pouring dark water to plant eggplant seedlings, buckle the small arch shed at night and remove it during the day. The eastern part of Henan Province should be planted in late February. It is necessary to flexibly control the switching time when using the ground hotline. Before slow seedling, turn off during the day and open at night; open in the middle of the night when there is cold current after slow seedling; close when there is no cold current. In order to increase the early yield, the cultivation density was 4000 plants and the row spacing was 33 cm × 50 cm. This can increase the Prophase output by about 25%. In the greenhouse, the temperature in the early stage is low, the light is poor, the temperature in the later stage is high, and the proportion of short flowers is large, which is easy to cause falling flowers in the absence of insect pollination. Therefore, when the door eggplant and the opposite eggplant blossom, the fruit setting rate can reach more than 85% by dipping the flower with the fruit setting spirit of 20~25ppm or 40~50ppm. The evaporation in the shed is small, the temperature in early spring is low, and the watering times should be as few as possible. Pour water down the ditch once before planting and pour it thoroughly. Watering once when planting, watering first and then sealing the soil. When the eggplant grows to the size of the egg, you should choose to water the fruit once on a sunny day, and apply the fruit fertilizer once along the water. Apply 10 kg urea or 1500 kg rotten human feces and urine per mu. Water less at other times. Eggplant branches show a multiple of 2, in the implementation of intensive cultivation, the structure should be adjusted in time. After the eggplant is harvested, go to one line every 2 rows. After the thinning line lives on the eggplant seat, leave 2 leaves on the top to pick the heart. The reservation line should go to the old leaves and cut empty branches in time in order to maintain a reasonable group. There is no ventilation from 7 days before planting to the stage of slow seedling. After planting, the ground temperature should be kept above 15 ℃ to promote fast slow seedling. When the door eggplant grows to the size of the egg, choose to pour fruit water on a sunny day, not on the same day, and in time to reduce the humidity in the shed. After the door eggplant was harvested, the air volume was gradually increased. Put the wind against the wind first, then the side wind, start to choose a sunny day at noon, and then transition to the all-day release, first during the day, and then at night. The temperature in the shed was kept at 25: 30 ℃ in daytime, no more than 35 ℃, no less than 20 ℃ in daytime, and 15: 17 ℃ at night. Control of diseases and insect pests: cotton blight, brown stripe and Verticillium wilt are the three major diseases in eggplant cultivation, and Verticillium wilt is the most harmful in continuous cropping land. In cultivation, less middle tillage, light middle tillage, less root injury, more ventilation, proper control of watering water, leaving seeds from disease-free plants, rotation with onions and garlic within 3-4 years, reducing soil bacteria, soaking seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 2 hours, then soaking seeds with 10% naphthalene acetic acid solution 10ppm, watering seedlings with 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder The 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 10 times soil were mixed and sprinkled in the seeding bed and planting ditch, 30 grams of poisonous soil per square meter, spraying 2 times 3 times with 10% naphthalene acetic acid 5ppm liquid before onset of the disease, once every 10 to 15 days. During the occurrence of cotton blight and ring disease, the leaf surface was sprayed twice with 1000 times solution of Rhizoctonia solani, once every 5 days. During the onset of Verticillium wilt, root irrigation with 600-fold solution of Kangkuning or 800-fold solution of 48% Rhizoctonia solani can effectively control the spread of the disease.