Key points of Management of Litchi Longan fruiting trees

First, do a good job of postharvest management. 1. Timely harvest. When picking fruit, one fruit should be cut twice. First, cut the ear together with the base of the fruiting branch, or even the base of the branch below the fruiting branch, and then cut off the ear. The branches below the ear do not shrink much, depending on the growth of the mother branch, the ones that grow well are shorter, and the ones that grow poorly are longer. 2. Apply fruit-picking fertilizer in time. Apply a quick-acting fertilizer in time after fruit harvest, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, in order to restore tree potential, promote autumn shoot germination and lay the foundation for high yield next year. Take the trees with fruit of 50 kg as an example, 1 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potassium chloride were applied to each tree and sprinkled with water. 3. Clear the garden for pruning. Prune immediately after fruit picking and fertilization, cut off disease and insect branches, shade branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, and retract declining branches. After pruning, longan leaves 10-15 shoots per square meter of crown and 20-25 shoots of litchi. After pruning, dig two pits 1 meter long and 30 centimeters deep and 40 centimeters wide under the crown drip line, bury the pruned branches and leaves and weeds in the garden into the bottom of the pit, and then sprinkle lime. 5kg, pig manure 5kg / 10kg, Nongfeng bio-organic fertilizer 3kg (produced by Municipal Nongfeng Company), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0. 5kg of topsoil mixed with topsoil to fill the pit 10cm above the ground, and finally sprinkle lime powder on the ground for disinfection. The whole garden is sprayed with pesticides to control diseases and insect pests. You can use 25% dipterex 500 times or 90% trichlorfon 600 ~ 700 times plus 64% alum 600 times, or 40% Lexben 1000 times or Nongdile 1000 times 1500 times plus 90% ethyl phosphate aluminum 500 times. 4. The weak tree is renewed. Retract and trim depending on the extent of the recession. If the decline degree is mild, cut off the weak branches and apply fertilizer; if the degree of decline is serious, you should shrink back to the larger side branches or even the main branches, and at the same time renew the root system and re-apply organic fertilizer. Second, apply fertilizer reasonably and cultivate timely strong fruiting mother twigs. Strong autumn shoots are the mother branches of litchi and longan with excellent fruit. Through scientific fertilizer and water management, reasonable fruit retention, pruning and sparse buds and other comprehensive measures to cultivate a robust mother right of fruit. Strictly control the shooting time, so that the fruiting mother branch can be pulled out at the right time, mature at the right time, and enter the flower bud differentiation normally. The time and times of keeping shoots after harvest should be flexibly arranged according to different varieties, tree age, tree potential, hanging fruit quantity, management level and climate characteristics. Generally, the suitable age tree keeps the shoot twice, and the autumn shoot is used as the fruiting mother branch, and the mature tree keeps the autumn shoot once. Taking Qinzhou City as an example, the more suitable time for litchi fruiting mother branches is: early-maturing varieties Heiye, Qinzhou Hongli, Xiangli, Nuomili and Guiwei in mid-late September, Feizixiao and late-maturing variety he Li from late September to early October. Longan generally left the shoots from late September to early October as fruiting mother branches, matured from the end of November to early December, and entered into flower bud differentiation normally. The method of promoting the age-appropriate retention of autumn shoots of middle and late-maturing varieties such as black leaves and grasses is as follows: before and after fruit harvest, nitrogen fertilizer (usually 1 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potassium chloride per plant) is applied to make the first autumn shoots grow in early July and mature before early September. The second pre-shoot fertilizer was applied in the first and middle of September, mainly compound fertilizer, and appropriate increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (0.5 kg urea, 0.5 kg phosphate fertilizer, 0.75 kg potash fertilizer or 1.5 kg compound fertilizer). The second autumn shoot was drawn from mid-September to early October and matured from late November to early December. Xiayan autumn shoot and short pruning autumn shoot are the most important fruit mother branches of longan. Generally speaking, the shoot with a diameter of more than 0.6-0.8 and the number of compound leaves less than 12-15 can become a good fruiting mother branch. Therefore, the time of entering the shoot during the fertilization period must be determined according to the different tree potential and the amount of hanging fruit, so as to cultivate strong mother branches. For trees with many fruits and weak trees, it is appropriate to add water and fertilizer, and re-apply fertilizer before and after fruit. The goal is to attack the autumn shoot once, and it is most suitable to shoot in late September. Trees with medium fruit and medium growth do not apply pre-fruit fertilizer. Through the regulation of fertilizer and water, the autumn shoot can be produced from late September to early October. The vigorous trees with little or no fruit should attack the second autumn shoot, fertilize and prune the first autumn shoot in the first ten days of August, mature in the middle and last ten days of September, and apply the fertilizer of tapping again in the middle of September combined with irrigation, so that the second autumn shoot will grow in early October and mature from the end of November to the first ten days of December. The fertilizer is mainly quick-acting and high-quality nitrogen fertilizer. For trees with 50 kg of fruit, 1 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each plant. After fruit harvest, the effect of water and fertilizer is the best. Third, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in litchi and longan in autumn, there are mainly bugs, moths, leaf rollers, gall mites (felt disease), gall mosquitoes, longicorn beetles, beetles, longan horned wood lice, longan ghost broom disease and so on. According to the climatic conditions and the law of the occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests, the medicine should be used timely and reasonably, and then sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, 2 times per shoot. The medicament can be selected with 52.25% Nongdile 1000 × 1500 times, 48% Lesbon 1000 times, the enemy kills 2000 times 3000 times, or methamidophos 700 times 800 times.