How to control diseases and insect pests of wax gourd

There are many diseases in wax gourd cultivation, such as Fusarium wilt, blight, anthracnose and so on. Based on years of production experience, the author thinks that vegetable farmers should start with the etiology and take comprehensive measures to control and reduce the occurrence of diseases to the maximum extent. First, the implementation of rotation, the control of soil spread to implement rotation, the effect of disease prevention is better. Farmers on the scale of growing vegetables should divide the vegetable fields into 3-5 areas and carry out regional crop rotation. If the area is small, it is necessary to divide the field into two areas and plant melons every other year. Where there are conditions during rotation, it is best to grow rice or aquatic crops for one year, or crops that can secrete fungicides, such as onions and garlic, to avoid crops that have similar diseases to melons. If seedling transplanting is carried out, the field where melons have not been planted for many years should be selected, and the fertile soil free of melon diseases should be used in bagged seedlings. Attention should also be paid to clean up the melon fields and concentrate on burning the remains of diseased plants. If you use melon and rattan retting fertilizer, it is best to carry out high-temperature compost to kill germs; the fertilizer made from melon and rattan water is not used in melon fields. Aphids are the communicators of viral diseases and should avoid planting aphid-breeding crops next to melon fields. Second, improving the fertilization technology and paying attention to the mixed composting (leaching) of organic fertilizer and conventional fertilizer can not only improve the fertilizer efficiency, but also improve the soil available nutrients through the proliferation of a large number of beneficial microorganisms. the proportion of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere was greatly increased, so as to enhance the antagonistic ability to bacteria and inhibit their pathogenicity. Through demonstration and popularization on vegetables and fruit trees for many years, Guoman multi-biological organic fertilizer and Kokasi biological organic fertilizer were used together with farm fertilizer as base fertilizer, and co-impregnation with manure and urine fertilizer as topdressing for many times (with partial application of chemical fertilizer). The incidence of Fusarium wilt and blight in seedling stage and adult plant can be significantly reduced (with round as the premise, combined with chemical control). In addition to ecological fertilizer, high-quality compound fertilizer can provide N, P and K necessary for wax gourd, combining the long-term effect of organic fertilizer with the quick effect of chemical fertilizer. The critical stage of P and K nutrition of wax gourd is in the seedling stage, so there must be enough phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer. Domestic Yangfeng compound fertilizer and Japanese residential compound fertilizer have been demonstrated for many years, which have obvious effect on crop yield and harvest. In particular, the residential compound fertilizer has both quick-acting and long-term functions, and the fertilizer utilization rate is high. There were not many dead seedlings in many melon fields in the early stage, but after reaching the shed (shelf) of melon vines, the number of dead plants suddenly increased, even reaching more than 50%. The reason is related to the improper application of nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of high temperature and heavy rain. The experience summed up is: do not apply it before or immediately after heavy rain; excessive application of available nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to Fusarium wilt and blight. For over-acid soil, the application of lime to neutralize soil acidity is helpful to improve disease resistance. Wax gourd needs a large amount of fertilizer, and the demand for potassium is the greatest among the three elements. After flowering and fruiting, on the basis of topdressing high quality Yangfeng, Shu Shang and other compound fertilizers, foliar spraying high potassium foliar fertilizers such as Fu Wan K and Prodan for 2-3 times can effectively supplement the deficiency of root absorption and provide a variety of trace elements needed for wax gourd. Third, high border drainage, selected disease-resistant varieties wax gourd plant growth is exuberant, large leaves, melon large and high yield, consumption of nutrients and water. However, wax gourd and Jiegu are not resistant to soaking, and the over-saturated retting roots of melon fields in rainy season will cause a variety of diseases. Building high beds and ensuring smooth drainage are the basic elements of high quality and high yield, and ensuring uniform watering during melon fruiting period is also very important for the normal growth of melons. Sometimes dry and sometimes wet, melon shape is not correct, poor quality or even stop development.