Management Techniques of Strawberry Forcing Culture

Strawberry is a perennial herb of Rosaceae. It is one of the seven major fruits in the world. It has the reputation of "fruit queen" and "fruit milk". It has high VC content. The cultivation techniques mainly popularize the technology of high-ridge, double-row and four-film mulching: first, plant strong seedlings. 1. Soil disinfection: it mainly adopts the methods of plastic film mulching, high temperature greenhouse, irrigation and soil composting, rice-strawberry rotation. 2. Soil preparation and fertilization: in August, soil preparation combined with fertilization, "re-application of base fertilizer". Base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer such as fully mature chicken manure, pig manure and cake fertilizer. Fertilizer amount: 3000 kg organic fertilizer per mu + 60 kg diammonium phosphate + 10 kg potassium sulfate per mu. Deep ploughing-raking-ridging (ridge height 15cm, wide 30cm) after fertilization. 3. Seedling selection and planting: at the beginning of September, virus-free seedlings with 4-7 unfolded leaves, thick leaves, stem diameter above 0.8cm, many roots and coarse white were selected. Double-row planting per ridge, density 6000-7000 plants / mu, row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 15 cm, "deep unburied, shallow root not exposed" when planting, the bow back direction of the seedlings facing out of the ridge, and water the living trees thoroughly after planting. Second, field management. 1. Cover the plastic film: Frosts Descent covers the black plastic film to keep warm, and the plastic film should be tightened and sealed tightly. 2. Buckle shed: the local use of greenhouse + middle shed + arch shed to cover the way to help strawberries overwinter, buckle shed time according to air temperature, generally began to buckle greenhouse in November. The optimum growth temperature of strawberry is about 25 ℃ during the day and 8 ℃ at night, which can not be lower than 0 ℃, otherwise it is prone to freezing injury. The strawberry cultivated by four-film mulching has high yield, about 1500 kg per mu, more inflorescences, continuous fruit, early listing, long supply period, high benefit, and the harvest time is more than 5 months. 3. Fertilizer and water management: on the basis of re-application of base fertilizer, topdressing should be applied thinly. The time and times of topdressing are as follows: the expansion period of top fruit of ① inflorescence, the beginning of harvest of top fruit of ②, the peak harvest period of top fruit of ③, and the appropriate harvest of each inflorescence fruit of ④ one after another. Topdressing combined with irrigation and drip irrigation under black film can reduce air humidity and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 4, temperature and humidity and light control: use the greenhouse switch ventilation to adjust temperature and humidity, the relative humidity in the greenhouse should be 30-60%, if the humidity is too large, quicklime can be released in the shed to absorb moisture. Third, plant management. 1. Picking leaves: remove the old leaves at the right time, remove the diseased leaves in time and destroy them deeply. 2. Except stolon: stolon consumes nutrition of mother plant and affects ventilation and light transmission. After removal, it is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality. Artificial removal or application of dwarftin. 3. Pollination: in order to reduce malformed fruits, 2 boxes of bees per mu were put to pollinate about 5 days before flowering until the end of late March when the temperature rose. It is proved by expert experiments that bumblebees are more suitable for low temperature pollination than honeybees. 4. Flower and fruit thinning: moderate flower and fruit thinning can increase the weight of single fruit, keep the fruit size uniform, mature earlier, and leave 10-15 buds per plant. Fourth, integrated control of diseases and insect pests. Strawberry has three main diseases: powdery mildew, gray mold and anthracnose. 1. Prevention and control of powdery mildew: sulfur fumigation before flowering, 50% Cuibei or 12.5% nitrilazole at the initial stage of the disease. 2. Botrytis cinerea: control with 75% chlorothalonil in bud-flowering period. 3. Anthrax: during the onset of the disease, 50% Sukeling 800 times solution is used for prevention and treatment. In recent years, aphids, whitefly and other insect pests often occur, physical, biological and chemical control is advocated, mainly the use of natural enemies, yellow board trapping and so on.